occupational stress ocpd

OCCUPATIONAL STRESS

Mary Yong Meng YoongSupt Kaunseling

Bahagian Agama dan Kaunseling (BAKA)

What is STRESS?

Physical / Psychological response to a stimulus

A mismatch between PERCEIVED

DEMANDS and PERCEIVED ABILITY

to cope

Is Stress GOOD or BAD?

EUSTRESS (Good Stress) - Stress that you

can manage

DISTRESS (Bad Stress) – Severe and Persistent stress resulting in psychological / physiological strain

What is Organisational Stress?

Interaction of work conditions with characteristics of the worker such that the demands of work exceed the ability of the worker to cope with them

Work setting variables that influence occupational stress

Role Characteristics

Role Characteristics

• Role Ambiguity

• Role Overload

• Role Underload

• Role Conflict

Work setting variables that influence occupational stress

Role CharacteristicsRole Characteristics Job CharacteristicsJob Characteristics

Work Pace

Repetition of Work

Shift Work

Task Attributies

Job Characteristics

Work setting variables Work setting variables that influence that influence occupational stressoccupational stress

Role CharacteristicsRole CharacteristicsJob CharacteristicsJob CharacteristicsInterpersonal Work Interpersonal Work

RelationshipRelationship

Interpersonal work relationship

With Co-workers

With Supervisors

With Clients / customers

Work setting variables Work setting variables that influence that influence occupational stressoccupational stressRole Characteristics

Job Characteristics

Interpersonal Work RelationshipInterpersonal Work Relationship

Organisational structure and climate

Organisational structure and climate

Organisational Structure

Position / Level within an organisation

Organisational Territory

Work setting variables that influence occupational stress

Role Characteristics

Job CharacteristicsJob Characteristics Interpersonal Work Relationship Organisational structure and climate Human resource management practices

Human resource management practices Entering the work place

Lacking training

Building and maintaining a career

Performance Feedback

Rewards

Job future ambiguity and insecurity

Job / Career Transitions

INTERVENTIONS

Classes Intervention Strategy

Avoiding stressors through life adjustments or adjusting demand levels

Altering stress-inducing

behaviour patterns

Developing coping resources

Family / work balance

Career planning

Type A Behaviour pattern

Social support

Time management

Family / work balance

Life events Score Life events Score

Death of partner 100 Child leaves home 29Divorce 73 Trouble with in-laws 29Separation from partner 65 Outstanding personalJail sentence 63 achievement 28Death of a close family 63 Partner begins or stop work 26member Child begins or ends school 26Injury or illness to yourself 53 Change in living conditions 25Marriage – your own 50 Change of personal habits 24Given the sack at work 47 Trouble with boss or employer 23Reconciliation with Change in working hours andpartner 45 conditions 20Retirement 45 Change in residence 20Ill health in member of family 44 Child changes schools 20Pregnancy – your own 40 Change in recreation 19Sexual problems/difficulties 39 Change in church activities 19Addition of new family Change in social activities 18member 39 Take on a small mortgage or loan 17Major business or work Change in sleeping habits 16changes 39 Change in number of familyChange in your financial state 38 get – togethers 15Death of a friend 37 Change in eating habits 15Change to a different type Holiday 13of work 36 Christmas (coming soon) 12More arguments with partner 35 Minor violations of the law 11Take on a large mortgage 31Mortgage or loan foreclosed 30Change in responsibilitiesat work 29

* Holmes and Rahe’s Life Change Index, Journal of Psychomatic Research, 1967 vol.II

Classes Intervention Strategy

Avoiding stressors through life adjustments or adjusting demand levels

Altering stress-inducing

behaviour patterns

Developing coping resources

Family / work balance

Career planning

Type A Behaviour pattern

Social support

Time management

TYPE A BEHAVIOUR-A never-ending struggle to accomplish, produce, get more things done than the time permits, impatience, irritability, anger

- Suffer from a hidden lack of self esteem insecurity

Self-esteem + insecurity struggle with TIME

-Sees the darker side of other people – suspicious, distrust

-Free floating hostility – almost everything is not appropriate in the environment

CHARACTERISTICS OF TYPE A BEHAVIOUR

Agitated Poor listeners

Hasty Over competitive

Perfectionist Over ambitious

Impatient Hurried

TIPS FOR MANAGING TYPE A BEHAVIOUR

1.Review your success

2.Believe in your ability to change

3.Self appraisal

4.Retrieve your total personality

Classes Intervention Strategy

Avoiding stressors through life adjustments or adjusting demand levels

Altering stress-inducing

behaviour patterns

Developing coping resources

Family / work balance

Career planning

Type A Behaviour pattern

Social support

Time management

Classes Intervention Strategy

Monitoring stressors and

symptoms

Marshalling resources and

attacking stressors

Tolerating unavoidable

stressors

Lowering stressful arousal

Stress diary

Muscle monitoring

Tension thermometer

Social skills training

Assertive training

Problem solving skills

Cognitive restructuring

Stress inoculation training

Deep breathing EFT

Meditation Hypnosis

Yoga Biofeedback

Physical exercise Massage

COGNITIVE RESTRUCTURING

Irrational beliefs (self defeating ) Belief System

Over reacting / under reacting to the stressors

AIM – Help individual cope with the stress by changing their belief or cognitions

Help client see that it is his thoughts and beliefs that mediate the response

Objective – Tolerate the stressor by replacing negative feelings with neutral or less negative ones

A-B-C MODEL ( REBT)

A = Activitating event (Divorce)

B = Belief (Failure as a spouse )

C = Emotional and Behaviourial consequence (Depression)

D = Disputing Intervention ( Counselling to change irrational beliefs)

E = Effect (Replacing unhealthy thoughts with healthy ones)

F = New Feeling

Classes Intervention Strategy

Monitoring stressors and

symptoms

Marshalling resources and

attacking stressors

Tolerating unavoidable

stressors

Lowering stressful arousal

Stress diary

Muscle monitoring

Tension thermometer

Social skills training

Assertive training

Problem solving skills

Cognitive restructuring

Stress inoculation training

Deep breathing EFT

Meditation Hypnosis

Yoga Biofeedback

Physical exercise Massage

EMOTIONAL FREEDOM TECHNIQUE (EFT)

Bermula pada tahun 1970s – oleh psychologis Dr Roger Callahan yang menggabungkan teori quantum, kinesiologi dan accupressure untuk membantu klien yang mempunyai isu phobias dan traumatic stress disorders.

Beliau menggunakan kaedah ‘tapping’ pada median tertentu.

Ia juga dikenali sebagai Thought Field Therapy (TFT).

Gary Craig, sebagai pelajar Dr Callahan. Memudahkan proses ini dan menamakan tekniknya sebagai Emotional Freedom Techniques, or EFT.

Apakah EFT?

“The cause of all negative emotions is a disruption in the body’s energy system”

EFT bermula pada asas tenaga dalam badan yang dikaitkan dengan ‘meridian’ atau dipanggil ‘energy circuts’ yang terus berhubung dengan tubuh fizikal serta emosi.

Dengan mengenalpasti median tertentu, ia memudahkan perjalanan ‘tenaga’ dalam badan.

Apakah EFT?

Apabila berlaku ketidakseimbangan

tenaga di dalam tubuh, maka ia akan

menyebabkan terwujud gangguan emosi yang mengganggu fikiran.

‘Energy’ dalam tubuh perlu diseimbangkan

dan teknik EFT ini dapat membantu.

KEGUNAAN EFT

EFT digunakan untuk menangani isu-isu seperti:-

• Trauma & Stress• Kemurungan• Phobia• Sakit-sakit kepala / badan• Kegemukkan• Kekecewaan• Sukar untuk tidur• Keresahan• Tabiat tertentu seperti merokok,

OCD……………….dan banyak lagi.

Memahami EFT

Raja Kamariah Raja Hj Mohd KhalidCertified Psycho Spiritual Hypnotherapist

Member of Malaysian Society of Complimentary Therapist(A 1139 Hypnotherapy)

Member of Malaysian Board of Hypnosis and Hypnotherapy

1. NYATAKAN ISU.2. SKALA.• Nyatakan skala ‘beban’ isu yg ditanggung

(terendah) 1---2---3---4---5---6---7---8---9---10 (tertinggi) • Contoh: sakit kepala sekarang pada

skala 9

Resepi EFT

3. AFFIRMATION STATEMENT

EVEN THOUGH I AM STRESS OUT, I TRULY AND

COMPLETELY ACCEPT MYSELF

1

Tap on the white spots 7 times while saying the affirmation statement

3

2

4

51 Karate chop

2 Thumb

3 Forefinger

4 Middle Finger

5 Little finger

7

2

3

4

5

6

1

8

1 Soft spot - Rub the Sore Spot (where you’d pin a medal on your chest)

2 Inner end of brow

3 Outer end of eye

4 Below eye

5 Philtrum

6 Middle of lower lip

7 1” below collarbone

8 4” below armpit

4. RASAI PERUBAHAN PERASAAN.• Nyatakan baki skala ‘beban’ isu yg ditanggung

(terendah) 1---2---3---4---5---6---7---8---9---10 (tertinggi) • Contoh: sakit kepala sekarang pada skala 4

5. ULANGI TEKNIK EFT

Resepi EFT

Classes Intervention Strategy

Monitoring stressors and

symptoms

Marshalling resources and

attacking stressors

Tolerating unavoidable

stressors

Lowering stressful arousal

Stress diary

Muscle monitoring

Tension thermometer

Social skills training

Assertive training

Problem solving skills

Cognitive restructuring

Stress inoculation training

Deep breathing EFT

Meditation Hypnosis

Yoga Biofeedback

Physical exercise Massage

Hypnosis

Hypnosis is a relaxing, naturally occurring state of mind which happens to us every day. Each time we read a captivating novel, float off in a daydream or see an

engrossing movie we are in a natural state of hypnosis. 

For thousands of years people have recognized the power of hypnosis to enhance learning, heal emotional scars, improve performance, change habits and speed the healing process.  Science is only now beginning to understand the awesome power the unconscious mind wields. It wasn't until 1958 that the American Medical Association recognized hypnosis as a valid therapeutic tool. The medical field is also beginning to recognize the major role "psychological" factors play in illness and healing.

. 

WHY IS CHANGE SOMETIMES DIFFICULT?

Why is change sometimes difficult? Because most habits, beliefs and attitudes are maintained and stored in the unconscious mind - and most people are trying to change consciously! Hypnosis is direct unconscious

communication. Your unconscious is the best learning machine that has ever existed. If instructed properly healthier, more productive patterns, ideas, beliefs,

attitudes and actions result.  THE POWER OF HYPNOSIS

During hypnotism, direct communication with your unconscious mind can be established. In a hypnotic trance, if we are guided properly, our

minds and bodies are able to accept change much more readily.  In hypnosis you are in control. The hypnotist is merely the guide who leads you through this comfortable, inspiring experience. The door is open to

the abilities and resources of the ultra-powerful unconscious mind.

Classes Intervention Strategy

Monitoring stressors and

symptoms

Marshalling resources and

attacking stressors

Tolerating unavoidable

stressors

Lowering stressful arousal

Stress diary

Muscle monitoring

Tension thermometer

Social skills training

Assertive training

Problem solving skills

Cognitive restructuring

Stress inoculation training

Deep breathing EFT

Meditation Hypnosis

Yoga Biofeedback

Physical exercise Massage

THE AAAbc’s OF STRESS MANAGEMENTKeeping the Fire Alive – Joe E. Dunlap and

J. Douglas StewartStress Management is a decision making process

• Alter it – removing the source of stress

• Avoid it – removing oneself from the stressful situation/how not to get there

• Accept it -building resistance-changing your perception

UJIAN STRES

Gambar-gambar berikut digunakan untuk menguji tahappengurusan stres

Lagi perlahan gambar bergerak, lagi tinggi tahappengurusan anda.

Gambar-gambar ini tidak animated – ia adalah statik.

STRESS AND POLICING

Hans Selye – Father of Stress (1978)

“ Police work ranks as one of the most hazardous occupations, even exceeding the formidable stresses and strains of air traffic control”

Somodeville (1978)

“A police officer is under stress and pressure unequalled by any other occupation”

Fennell (1981)

“Policing is the most dangerous job in the world emotionally”

END