ocean notes: a comprehensive study on different ocean zones including intertidal, euphotic,...
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OceansOceans
PPt. by, Robin D. Seamon
Ocean Notes• Salt water/ salinity• 360 million square miles• 3.5 billion years old• 100,000 + species• 28 degrees to 86 degrees
F• 7 miles down in some
places• Mineral composition:
1.sodium2.chloride3.magnesium4.calcium5.potassium
• Ocean Exploration:• oceanographer• electronic devices measure with
radar• underwater cameras• gear:1.Wet suit2.Jimmy suit3.Mooring4.Buoys5.Drills6.Submersibles7.Satellites8.Computers
•FoodFood
•EnergyEnergy
•MineralsMinerals
•MedicineMedicine
•TransportationTransportation
•Influence ClimateInfluence Climate
Ocean Resources
Ocean Currents
Coriolis Effect
http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/mtr/fw/gifs/coriolis.mpg
Video explanation
Sunlit Zone
www.ngdir.ir/sitelinks/kids/html/en-water.htm
•Currents (trade winds): underwater rivers
Warm water moves up, Cool water sinks down
in a circular motion.
•Gyres: circular patterns the wind moves the currents.
•Gyres: circular patterns the wind moves the currents.
N
__________
S
1.Wind-driven
2.Thermohaline
Influences Climate Summary
•Summer Ocean stores heat
•Winter Ocean releases heat
•Currents carry off excess heat from tropical oceans to polar oceans
•Warming polar oceans (GLOBAL WARMING)
•MAJOR source of precipitation
Ocean Currents
Coriolis Effect
http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/mtr/fw/gifs/coriolis.mpg
Video explanation
CURRENTS: Highlight on your map:
1.N. Equatorial
2.S. Equatorial
3.California Current
4.Canary Current
5.Gulf Stream
6.Japan Current
7.Labrador Current
8.Peru Current
9.El Nino
10.Antarctic Circumpolar *Strongest
http://www.enchantedlearning.com/coloring/oceanlife.shtml
Sunlit Zone
•Depth: 400-600 ft.
•Coral reefs
•Plankton/ photosynthesis
•Currents (trade winds): underwater rivers
•Gyres: circular patterns the wind moves the currents.
Sunlit Zone
Plankton pics
Zooplankton pics
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Ocean Zones
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Sunlit Zone
Coral Reefsh
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http://indosight.host56.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/Coral-reef-fish.jpg
http://www.utc.edu/Faculty/Deborah-McAllister/imax/coral_reef.jpg
Scuba Gear
Coral Reefs• Found in warm ocean water
• “underwater forests”
• Colorful
• RELATIONSHIPS:
1.Predator/Prey
2.Simbiotic
• Diversity: 2nd most productive habitat (following mangroves & rainforests
• Endangered
Coral Reefs• Found on EASTERN coasts of Continents
(because of the warm, strong currents)
1.Caribbean
2.Australia
3.Hawaii
• Great Barrier Reef
• Coral: soft (alive) have polyps
hard (dead) outer skeleton of limestone
Coral Reefs
Twilight Zone
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Twilight Zone
•200-4,000 feet down
•Sunlight barely gets through the water: Hard to see, not dark, not light (like dawn and dusk above water)
•Large predators: sharks
•Below the continental shelf, at the drop-off zone
Midnight Zone
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http://www.life.com/static/ugc/022/ugc1001022/watermarkcomp.jpg
Jimmy Suit
http://my.fit.edu/~swood/images/tether10.jpg
Midnight Zone
•Complete darkness
•Blind/white animals
•Faults/trenches
•Pacific trench is deepest (36,198 ft down)
•PLATE TECHTONICS: create underwater mountains, trenches, vents, volcanoes, plains
• Mid-Ocean ridge:
1.Mid-Atlantic Ridge 5,000 ft above sea floor, some through island to make islands
2.Through 3 oceans
• Along ridges are HOT vents (black smokers)
-Copper, iron, sulfur, zinc flow out
-Strange marine life
-Special bacteria use chemicals & heat to make food
-1 foot giant clams
-giant red tube worms, crabs, blind or glowing fish
• Abyssal Plains:
Ooze, sediment
• PLATE TECTONICS
• Trenches:
Seamounts: volcanic activity with the mountains,
Intertidal Zoneh
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Intertidal Zone
•On the beaches
•Unstable, saltier, waves disturb it
•Tides: cycles of rise and fall of ocean’s surface due to moon’s gravitational pull
•The tides pull out leaving tidal pools with organisms still in it, awaiting the next high tide.
-Low tide: organisms exposed to air
-High tide: organisms under ocean water
•High tide zone: exposed to more air, more low tide
(sea anemones, barnacles, crabs, mussels, sea stars, snails, whelks…)
•Middle tide zone: exposed to equal amounts of air and water with the tides
(seaweed, sponges, shrimp, krill, zooplankton…)
•Low tide zone: exposed to more ocean water
(BIODIVERSITY: hydroids, crabs, abalone, surf grass, tubeworms)
Ocean Tides:
High tide
Low tideh
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OCEAN
HSW Surviving the OCEAN (3min)
HSW Surviving a MAN OVERBOARD (2 min)
HSW Surviving on a LIFE RAFT (2 min)
HSW Surviving SHARKS (2 min)
HSW Phytoplankton & Oceanic Deadzones (2 min)
Works CitedWorks Cited
Photos: Photos: • CNN.com CNN.com
• naturenaturewww.lhup.edu/~dsimanek/scenario/tides101.htmwww.lhup.edu/~dsimanek/scenario/tides101.htm
• www.nhptv.org/natureworks/nwep6j.htmwww.nhptv.org/natureworks/nwep6j.htm • http://www.princeton.edu/~jhalderm/pics/2000-08=http://www.princeton.edu/~jhalderm/pics/2000-08=bermuda/chiton.jpgbermuda/chiton.jpg
• http://en.wikipedia.orghttp://en.wikipedia.org
http://images.google.com
Deep Exploration: Go to the ocean Floor Video
Watch divers with Jean Michel Cousteau
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