od stunting mp-draft_26_july2013
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Open Defecation and Stunting in Madhya Pradesh
Source: NFHS-3, 2005–06
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57
56
48
45
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30
Madhya Pradesh
Jharkhand
Bihar
Meghalaya
Gujarat
INDIA
Uttar Pradesh
Orrissa
Rajasthan
Uttranchal
Maharashtra
Tamil Nadu
Nutrition Status of Children U5- Madhya Pradesh
60% Children (<5 Yrs) of MP are
underweight
71.4
37.6 41
16.7
56.4
33.9
82.5
60
27.3
35
12.6
50
26.3
74
U5UNDERWEIGHT
U5 SEVERELYUNDERWEIGHT
U5 WASTED U5 SEVERELYWASTED
U5 STUNTING U5 SEVERELYSTUNTING
6-59MANAEMIC
SCHEDULED TRIBES MADHYA PRADESH
Nutrition Status of Children U5- Madhya Pradesh
For every 100 children born in Madhya Pradesh:
• 6 do not survive till their 1st birthday.
• 8 do not survive till their 5th birthday.
• 45 do not receive full immunisation
• 60 children are
underweight by age 3
Source: NFHS-3
Also in MP, evidence suggests that Undernutrition sets in the first 2 years of life
Faulty Complementary feeding practices during the critical period of 6m -24 months put children at
increased risk
47.6
53
61.8 61.2
64.9
60.7
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
<6m 6-11 12-23 24-35 36-47 48-59
Madhya Pradesh: Undernutrition Statistics (Children U5)
Undernutrition Indicator Prevalence (%)
NFHS, 2006 NIN, 2011
Underweight (Weight for Age) 60 51.9
Wasting (Weight for Height) 35 25.8
Severe Wasting (Weight for Height <-3SD)
12.6 8.3
Stunting (Height for Age) 50 48.9
India
Source: NFHS, 2006
Madhya Pradesh: One underfive in two stunted
50% Stunted
Malnutrition- Multiple Causes
Sanitation in Madhya Pradesh: CONTEXT
Proportion of households practicing Open Defecation in the sub-districts of Madhya Pradesh
Source: Census 2011
More than 75 per cent of population are open defecators, In 240 out of 313 sub-districts.
Source: Census (2011)
50 million Open Defecators in MP
19.0
5.81.6 1.3 0 0.1 0.3 0.7 1.2
70
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Flu
sh/po
ur flu
sh la
trine
con
ne
cted
to se
ptic ta
nk
Flu
sh/po
ur flu
sh la
trine
con
ne
cted
to p
iped
sew
er
system
Pit la
trine
with
slab/ve
ntila
tedim
pro
ved
pit
Flu
sh/po
ur flu
sh la
trine
con
ne
cted
to o
the
r system
0 Se
rvice la
trine - n
igh
t soil
service
d b
y an
ima
l
Nig
ht so
il disp
osed
into
op
en
dra
in
Pit la
trine
with
out sla
b/o
pe
np
it
Pu
blic latrine
Op
en
defe
catio
n
0
Improved sanitation 27.7%
Unimproved sanitation72.3%
Per c
ent
Source: Census (2011)
Equity lens on sanitation in Madhya Pradesh
Improved sanitation facilities and open defecation by wealth quintile in Madhya Pradesh
Source: NFHS 2006
1 616
42
81
96 85 6726
2
39
18
31
17
0
20
40
60
80
100
Poorest Second Middle Fourth Richest
Improved sources Open defecation Other unimproved sources
%
Proportion of households using improved sanitation facility by population groups in the districts of Madhya Pradesh
Source: Census 2011
Madhya Pradesh
Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe are 2 to 4.5 less likely to have access to improved sanitation.
Source: Census (2011)
Equity lens on sanitation in Madhya Pradesh
Disparities in improved sanitation in MP
Rural
12.2%
SC
52.6%
ST
46.6%
SC
7.7%
ST
4.3%
India
44.0%
Madhya Pradesh
27.7%
Urban
72.8%
Source: Census (2011)
MP accounts for 8% of India’s open defecators
Share of open defecation in the states of India (2011)
Source: Census 2011
Uttar Pradesh
17%
Bihar12%
Madhya Pradesh
8%
Andhra Pradesh
8%Tamil Nadu
7%
Rajasthan7%
Maharashtra7%
West Bengal6%
Orissa6%
Karnataka5%
Gujarat4%
Jharkhand4%
Chhattisgarh3%
Other states6%
UP Bihar
MP
-2.5
-2-1
.5-1
ave
rag
e h
eig
ht-
for-
age
of ch
ildre
n
0 .2 .4 .6 .8
fraction of households practicing open defecation
Kerala
MP falls exactly on India’s OD-stunting line
District-wise links between OD and Stunting in MP
Sources: NSS (2005-06), DLHS (2007-08), Census (2011), NIN (2011)
-4-2
02
ave
rag
e h
eig
ht-
for-
age
of child
ren
und
er
5
0 .2 .4 .6 .8 1fraction of hoseholds who defecate in the open
urban rural
Urban vs. Rural
Source: NFHS-3
“The first two years are forever”… also in MP
Sources: NSS (2005-06), DLHS (2007-08), Census (2011), NIN (2011)
-2.2
-2-1
.8-1
.6-1
.4
ave
rag
e c
hild
heig
ht-
for-
ag
e
0 .2 .4 .6 .8 1fraction of child's local area practicing open defecation
household does not od household does od
OD households vs. non-OD households
Source: NFHS-3
At current rate, MP is likely to miss its MDG target by far
MP’s district-wise “missing toilets”
Source: TSC (2011), Census (2011)
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46
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67
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05
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60
1990
2040
2090
2140
2190
States already achieved MDG target
Stat
e ex
pac
tati
on
s o
f ac
hie
vin
g M
DG
tar
gets
aft
er 2
01
5
Before 2015
in 10 years
in 25 years
in 62 years
After 90 years
3 states
5 states
5 states
2 states
3 states 17 states
At current trends Madhya Pradesh would only reach its MDG by 2105
Source: Census (2011)
… final message
THANK YOU
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