oil aeration test method - oilpas.com
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Lubricant Aeration TestingDetermination of Gas Entrainment Level in Oils
Ricardo Hein
Conexo Inc.
Atlanta, GA
+1 678-792-4692
rhein@conexotest.com
Aeration properties of lubricating oils
DEFINITION:
Aeration or entrained air is a natural characteristic of an oil to retain free air above the absorption limit
• Oil aeration is an important property of oil for good mechanical operation, it impairs mechanical performance because of:1. Cavitation in components and wear by irregular (potholed) oil film
2. Oil compressibility (“sponginess”) affects response in hydraulically driven component operation
3. Oxidation reactions in a larger area of contact with oxygen and pressure cycles affects drain cycle and deposit/varnish formation
• Previous test methods for aeration testing:– ASTM D-8047 Engine oil aeration resistance in CAT C13 heavy-duty diesel engine. COAT replaces
D6894 as part of the PC-11
– Air release ASTM D-3427 and foaming ASTM D-892 are not the eye of the storm of air/oil interaction in performance drivetrain components
– ISO 12152 Flender foaming test, stops test to measure increased volume in a ruler
New test method to measure Oil Aeration
• Measures dynamic gas holdup in lubricating oils
• Principle of operation/test description– Aeration by simulation of a air vortex into the oil
• Aeration measured in steady agitation – 700 ml test fluid; Sample heating (25°C - 120°C temperature control), time 30 minutes
– Turbine mixer develops vortex action to entrain air, Peristaltic pump moves a slipstream to test cell
– OILPAS Optical imaging device measures bubbles in the test cell
– The OILPAS algorithm evaluates online the dispersed gas ratio % in oil
– Deaeration measured in time to release and speed of release
• Repeatability demonstrated
Set-up – Bench Test 2 Calculation the aeration %
based on bubble measurement
Pump/Test Cell/
Microscope/Imaging
Aerator, conditions
control Speed,
Temperature, Gas can be
simulated in a dynamic
cycle
Fluid Aeration Live Testing
Aerated Sample
Adjustable frame for different
sample sizes up to 5 liter
Samples can be easily changed,
allowing for scanning a large number
of samples and formulations
Speed and Temperature can be adjusted
to simulate a dynamic driving cycle
Software – Data Diagrams
Gas in oil % is displayed online
Instrument Settings
Life Feed
Avg. number of bubbles
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 2400 2500
Ae
rati
on
%
Time (In seconds)
Base Oil
Base Oil with Additive
Base Oil with Antifoam
Base Oil with Additive and Antifoam
Testing lubricant components
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Tim
e
65
13
5
20
5
27
5
34
5
41
5
48
5
55
5
62
5
69
5
76
5
83
5
90
5
97
5
10
45
11
15
11
85
12
55
13
25
13
95
14
65
15
35
16
05
16
75
17
45
18
15
18
85
19
55
20
25
20
95
21
65
22
35
23
05
23
75
24
45
25
15
25
85
26
55
27
25Ae
rati
on
(ga
s h
old
up
), v
olu
me
% in
oil
Time, seconds
Air Entrainment in Oil at 40°C
MO
POE
XPE
BPE1
BPE2
Mixer/Air ON Mixer/Air OFF
Aeration Study: Air Entrainment and Deaeration
Aeration Comparison 10 Engine Oils
8/3/2018
0
4
8
12
16
20
0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100
Aeration Comparison 10 Engine Oils
AD-FS BD-FS GN-FS HN-SB JN-MIN CD-FS DD-SYN ED-FS KN-MIN FD-FS
% Air in Oil
Time in Seconds
Conclusions
• New mechanical simulation aerator together with the optical imaging measurement method can quickly benchmark the natural characteristic of an oil to retain free air
• Method was verified at testing a large number of different lubricating oils, additives and other fluids
• Measures both dynamic gas holdup and deaeration time
• It shows correlation with ASTM D3427 test method
• Provides a measure of dynamic gas holdup and bubble size distribution (not provided by other test methods), thus adding further insight into the aeration characteristics of an oil
• Provides OEMs/Equipment Builders and End Users an alternative method to test candidate fluids for aeration properties
• Test Method Guides OEM to design components considering the aeration characteristic of for the oil that is recommended for the specific application
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