oil and gas safety passport (ogsp)

OIL AND GASSAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)

MODULE 2 :CAUSATION AND PREVENTION OF INCIDENTS

OBJECTIVES

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MODULE 2OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)

By the end of this session, participants will be able to:

❑ Describe the principle causes of

incidents;

❑ Describe unsafe acts and unsafe

conditions; and

❑ Explain that all incidents are

preventable.

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CONTENTS

MODULE 2OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)

Definition of hazard and risk01

Categories of hazard02

What is an incident?03

Unsafe acts and unsafe conditions

04

Hierarchy of control measures05

Cost of an incident06

Behavioural Safety07

Loss of primary containment (LOPC) and Process safety management (PSM)

08

DEFINITION OF HAZARD AND RISK

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Anything that has a potential to harm or to

damage.

HAZARD

MODULE 2OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)

RISK

A combination of the likelihood of an

occurrence of hazardous event and the

severity of injury or damage.

Example : Risk = Likelihood x Severity

(how frequent) (how bad)

Watch video on hazard and risk

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01.

02.

03.

04.

05

PHYSICAL

CATEGORIES OF HAZARD

MODULE 2OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)

06

CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL ERGO-NOMICAL

PSYCHO-SOCIAL

ENVIRON-MENTAL

• Fire

• Sound

• Heat

• Radiation

• Vibration

• Pressure

• Electrical

• Machinery

• Gases

• Fumes

• Acids

• Alkalis

• Chlorine

• Pesticides

• Bacteria• Virus• Parasite• Algae• Fungi

• Excessive load

• Awkward

posture

• Repetititve

work

• Sexual

harassment

• Job stress

• Violence

• Haze• Bad weather• Lightning

Go to spot the hazard activity

WHAT IS AN INCIDENT?

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MODULE 2OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)

Makl

An incident:

❑ Is an unexpected and unplanned event.

❑ Occurs through a combination of causes.

❑ May result in:

✓ Physical harm (injury or disease);

✓ Damage to property, environment or near misses;

✓ Near misses;

✓ Any combination of these effects.

Incident

Accident

Human

injury/disease

Environment /

Property

damage

Near miss

ACCIDENT - HOW DOES IT HAPPEN?

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MODULE 2OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)

Makl

Unsafe acts and conditions, if unchecked may lead

to near misses, property damage and eventually to

serious accidents. Therefore, all unsafe acts and

conditions, and incidents must be investigated and

appropriate control measures must be taken.

Major injury

Minor injury

Property damage

Near misses

Tye- Pearson Triangle

1

10

30

600Major injury Minor injury Property

damageNear miss

UNSAFE ACT AND UNSAFE CONDITION

ANGKATAN

TENTERA

Tentera Darat, Tentera

Laut dan Tentera

Udara

MODULE 2OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)

8pageGo to unsafe act and unsafe condition matching activity

UNSAFE ACT

9page

MODULE 2OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)

SLEEPING UNDER A PARKED VEHICLE

❖ NOT WEARING PROPER PPE❖ NO PROPER PLANK

STANDING ON GUARDRAIL

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MODULE 2OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)

OPEN GRATINGS ARE DEATH TRAP –

THEY MUST BE COVERED OR

BARRICADED

POOR

HOUSEKEEPING

BEAM USED AS

STORAGE

UNSAFE CONDITION

11page

ROOT CAUSES

INDIRECT CAUSES

DIRECT CAUSES

MULTIPLE CAUSATION CONCEPT

MODULE 2OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)

❑ Job factor

❑ Personal factor

❑ Unsafe act

❑ Unsafe condition❑ Contact with hazard

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MODULE 2OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)

Least effective

Most effective

Protect the worker with Personal Protective Equipment.

Change the way people work.

Isolate people from the hazard

Isolate the hazard

Replace the hazard

Physically remove the hazard

HIERARCHY OF CONTROLS

Elimination

Substitution

Isolation

Engineering Controls

Administrative Controls

PPE

ELIMINATION

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MODULE 2OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)

Makl

Elimination: Completely removing the hazard or risk of

exposure. This is the ideal control solution.

Examples of elimination are:

❑ Ban use of hazardous chemicals e.g Hexane,

Benzene for cleaning;

❑ Removing nails and waste material from

consruction worksite;

❑ Redesigning a work proccess to remove hazards.

This example shows the

removal of hazardous

substances (chemicals) to

eliminate the hazard from

the floor.

SUBSTITUTION

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MODULE 2OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)

Makl

Substitution: Replacing the hazard with a less

hazardous alternative.

Examples:

❑ Substituting or replacing the use of hazardous

chemical by non-hazardous chemical.

❑ Using chemicals in pellet or paste form instead

of as liquid.

ISOLATION

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MODULE 2OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)

Makl

Isolation: Separate sources of the hazard.

Examples:

❑ Provision storage (cabinet)chemicals such as

chlorine.

❑ Installing a fence / barricade.

ENGINEERING CONTROL

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MODULE 2OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)

Makl

GUARDING

Engineering Control: If a hazard cannot be

eliminated or substituted the next preffered

measure is to use an engineering control.

Examples:

❑ Enclosing the hazard e.g noisy, hot, rotating

equipment;

❑ Installing machinery guarding;

❑ Installing exhaust ventilation. EXHAUST VENTILATION

ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL

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MODULE 2OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)

Administrative Control: Including work practices

which reduce risks and limits the exposure of

employees to the hazard.

Examples:❑ Reducing the number of employees exposed to

the hazard;

❑ Reducing the period of exposure;

❑ Rotating the workers;

❑ Procedures for dealing with hazardous materials /

critical job;

❑ Lockout and tag-out procedures.

TAG

PTW LOTO

TOOL BOX TALK

Watch video on nothing is routine

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)

MODULE 2OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)

9page

PPE can be divided into

FIVE categories :

1. Head

2. Face and eye

3. Hearing4. Respiratory

5. Body including hand,

feet and fall

protection

2

1

3

4

5

COST OF AN ACCIDENT – ICEBERG THEORY

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MODULE 2OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)

Cost that can be ‘seen’ is much smaller than

the one that cannot be seen (below the

water), and it can be insured. E.g. Medical cost.

Cost that is not so obvious or ‘cannot be seen’ and cannot be insured. E.g. Legal cost, lost of

expertise, penalties, production delays, etc.

DIRECT COST

INDIRECT COST

REPORTED ACCIDENTS

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MODULE 2OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)

For updated statistic please refer online source:https://www.perkeso.gov.my/index.php/en/laporan/number-of-accidents

Behavioral safety is a process that helps

employees identify and choose a safe

behaviour over an unsafe one.

MODULE 2OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)

BEHAVIORAL SAFETY

BASIC BEHAVIOR PRINCIPLES

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MODULE 2OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)

Safety in the workplace is a combination of THREE

measureable components:

1. Person (employee)

2. Environment (condition)

3. Behavior (act)

Only when these three elements are combined can

workplace accidents be eliminated.

PERSON

BEHAVIORENVIRONMENT

BASIC BEHAVIOUR PRINCIPLES – PERSON:

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MODULE 1OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)

The person component consist of the employees -

PHYSICAL

CAPABILITIES EXPERIENCE TRAINING

The workplace environment represents -

Engineering controls

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MODULE 2OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)

BASIC BEHAVIOUR PRINCIPLES–ENVIRONMENT:

Equipment

Job task

Work culture

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MODULE 2OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)

BASIC BEHAVIOUR PRINCIPLES – BEHAVIOR:

The final most often overlooked component is behavior:

“What the person does on the job"

BEHAVIORAL SAFETY - DO IT PROCESS:

26page

Define behaviors

MODULE 2OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)

Observe behaviors

Intervene

Test the intervention

ZERO TOLERANCE RULES (1)

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MODULE 2OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)

• Work with a valid work permit (PTW) required for the job.

• Verify energy isolation before starting work.

• Obtain authorization before over riding or disabling safety critical equipment.

• Obtain authorization before entering a confined space.

• Protect yourself against a fall when working at height.

ZERO TOLERANCE RULES (2)

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MODULE 2OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)

• Use the correct personal protective equipment

(PPE) when handling hazardous chemicals.

• Obtain authorization before excavation or entering a trench.

• Do not position yourself under a suspended load.

• Do not smoke outside designated areas or bring

potential ignition sources into process area without

authorization.

• Do not use your mobile phone / walkie-talkie while driving, follow the speed limit and use your seat belt.

LIFE-SAVING RULES (LSR)

29page

MODULE 2OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)

PROCESS SAFETY MANAGEMENT (PSM)

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MODULE 2OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)

❑ Process safety management is an analytical tool

focused on preventing releases of any substance

defined as a ‘highly hazardous chemicals’.

❑ A process is an ACTIVITY or combination of activities

including any use, storage, manufacturing, handling

or the on-site movement of highly hazardous

chemicals (HHCs).

❑ Occupational safety INCIDENT is the unexpected

release of toxic, reactive, or flammable liquids and

gases in processes involving highly hazardous

chemicals.

LOSS OF CONTAINMENT (LOC)

31page

What is LOC:

Unplanned or uncontrolled release

(substantial amount) of dangerous

substances which are -

• Flammable

• Explosive or

• Toxic

from a tank, vessel, pipe, rail car or

equipment used for containment.

MODULE 2OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)

Watch video on fall from height and hot work

MODULE 2 :CAUSATION AND PREVENTION OF INCIDENTS

THANK YOU