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EMERGENCY
MUMBAI TERROR ATTACKS AN
APPLICATION TO SINGAPORE
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Rationale & Objectives
Derive learning points from Mumbai attacks
Improve counter-terrorism strategies
Help Singapore keep up with developments of
terrorism
Reduce possibility of terrorist attack inSingapore
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26-29 November 2008
Members of Lashkar-e-Taiba
Large scale coordinated attacks
Mumbai Attacks
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Lack of government preparedness &organisation
-Inaccurate dissemination of information
- Poor intelligence coordination
- Poor protection for important
personnel- Lack of media management
Features
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Features
Lax customs control
Low vigilance
Hotel mismanagement
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Effects Lessons learnt
Increased border security Increase frequency of coastalpatrol.
Having an integrated central
body
Government respond with
appropriate level of efficiency
and effectiveness.
Train counter-terrorism agencies
to deal with new kinds of attacks,
operating as a single integrated
force.
Establish a central command and
control system.
Effects & Lessons Learnt
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Effects Lessons learnt
Improved management of
media
Legislate the media, impose
regulations.
Strained diplomatic relations Improve information-sharing and
cross-country collaboration.
Use international sanctions to
pressurise terrorist-harboring
regimes.
Reactions of Indian Muslims
in India
Public education should
emphasise on social cohesion
and racial harmony.
Hotel mismanagement Hotels have own crisis
management plans.
Effects & Lessons Learnt
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Application to Singapore
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Comparing Mumbai & Singapore
Mumbai Singapore
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Economy:
Financialcentre ofIndia. GDP2008
estimate:$3.298trillion.
MUMBAI
Economy:
Financial hubwithin theregion. GDP2008
estimate:$239.146billion
SINGAPORE
Comparing Mumbai & Singapore
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Society:
Religions: Hindus(67.39%), Muslims(18.56%), Buddhists
Jains, Christians,Sikhs, Parsis and Jews(14.05%).
MUMBAISociety:
Races: Chinese(74.2%), Malays(13.4%), Indians
(9.2%), Eurasians,Arabs and others(3.2%).
SINGAPORE
Form of attack: Terrorists enter from sea. Multiple locations under
attack concurrently.
Likely features: Lack of government preparedness & organization,
Lack of public awareness, Soft targets attacked.
Likely effects: Nation-wide panic, Shaken confidence towards the
government, Racial tension.
Comparing Mumbai & Singapore
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Timeline of Singapore Terror Attacks
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A Brief Outline of Strategies
Approach 1: Regional collaboration
against terrorism
Approach 2: Media management Approach 3: Border control
Approach 4: Improve governmentmanagement
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Approach 1
Regional collaboration againstterrorism
Approach 1
Strategy 1:Enhance
cooperation
through
transparency
Strategy 2:
Increase
international
cooperation in
scientific
research anddevelopment
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Strategy 1: Enhance cooperation
through transparency
Transparency in military expenditure
Transparency in strategic intents and
security concerns
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Eyes-in-the sky initiative
Malaysia's Deputy Prime Minister and Defence Minister Tun
Najib Razak (3rd from left) and Singapore's Defence Minister Mr
Teo Chee Hean (center) join hands with senior military officials
from Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore and Thailand in Malaysia.
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National Security Strategy
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Shangri-la Dialogue
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ASEAN Summit
Li it ti f E h i
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Limitations of Enhancing
Cooperation through
Transparency
Countries differing objectives
Historical Factors
St t 2 I i t ti l
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Strategy 2: Increase international
cooperation in scientific research
and development
Equip counter-terrorism agencies with
better equipments
Keep up with the development of
terrorism
Li i i f I i
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Limitations of Increasing
International Cooperation in
Scientific R&D
Costly
Research centres may becomepotential attack targets
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Approach 2
Border control
Approach 2
Strategy 1:
Increase security
of international
shipping
containers
Strategy 2:
Cooperation to
ensure border
securityStrategy 1: Increase security of
international shipping containers
Approach 2
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Strategy 1: Establish a whole-of-
government system to achieve
greater efficiency in handling attacks
Approach 3
Improve government management
Approach 3
Singapore
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CivilDefence
Force
PoliceForce
ImmigrationAuthorities
ofSingapore
Maritimeand PortAuthority
PoliceCoastGuard
CivilAviationAuthority
Ministry
ofForeign
Affairs
Malaysia
New
Zealand
Australia
UK
Singapore
NationalSecurity
Coordination
Secretariat(NSCS)
ArmyAir
ForceNavy
Security andIntelligenceDepartment
FivePower
Defence
MHAResponsible for
public safety, civildefence andimmigration
MINDEFEnhances Singapores
peace and security
InternalSecurity
Department
ArmedForces
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MHAResponsible forpublic safety, civil
defence and
immigration
MINDEFEnhancesSingapores
peace and
security
NSCSStrengthens coordination
between security agencies
Internal SecurityDepartment/ Security
and IntelligenceDepartment
Integrated intelligence agency
responsible for domestic andinternational counter-terrorism
SCDF
Army
Navy/ PoliceCoast Guard
Responsible for defence
against sea-borne threatsand protection against
sea lines of
communications
Air force/Civil Aviation
AuthorityIntegrated defence
force for Singapores
aviation
Malaysia
New
ZealandAustralia
UK
Singapore
Five
PowerDefence
Armed
Forces
ImmigrationAuthorities
ofSingapore
Maritimeand PortAuthority
Ministryof
Foreign
Affairs
PoliceForce
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Approach 4
Media management
Approach 4
Strategy 1:Appropriate
media
regulation
during
emergencies
Strategy 2:Implement
suitable and
effective
internetcontrol
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Fig 1: Singapore Seletar Airbase
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Fig 2: Singapore Changi Airport
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Conclusion
Lessons learnt from Mumbai attacks
show the limitations of Singapores
current strategies
Uncertain future development ofterrorism
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The EndThank you!
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