optical yagi-uda nanoantenna
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01/05/2023 05:25:34 PM 1
Dissertation Presentation on
Design and Optimization of Optical Yagi-Uda Nantenna for beam steering applications
Presented By-Kartik GoyalM.Tech(Microwave Engineering)Final Year (1201468505)
Guide By-Abhishek SrivastavaAssistant ProfessorSRSMCET, Bareilly
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Topics to be covered
What is an optical nantenna Need of optical nantenna Applications of optical nantenna Base papers Problem identification Proposed work Designs & results Final design Formulae to calculate various parameters & final results Conclusion References
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Optical Nantenna
Like microwave/RF antenna, it convert freely propagating optical radiation into localized energy & vice versa It is made up of metallic or high-permittivity nanoparticles It basically origins from near field optics In a general way, when conventional antenna is operated at optical frequency, then it is called an optical antenna It interacts with a receiver or transmitter in the form of a discrete quantum system It can take various unusual forms like tip or a nanoparticles, etc It along with Tx/Rx must be regarded as a coupled system
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Need of optical Nantenna
Primary needs for communication are Faster & more secure networks Flexible & user friendly networks Low latency of transmission Low cost & high capacity
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Applications of Optical Nantenna
Beam Steering applications In photo detection In photovoltaic In non-linear signal conversion In information processing In spectroscopic applications Medical imaging applications
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Concept of Beam Steering Beam steering is about changing the direction of the main lobe of
a radiation In optical systems, it is done by changing the medium through
which the beam is transmitted Beam steering plays an important role in ultra-fast switching and
scanning applications Traditionally, MEMS technology was used for the purpose of
beam steering applications that include complex arrangements
Optical Yagi-Uda Nano-antenna: Base Papers
Fig.1: Optical Yagi-Uda nantenna consisting of gold nanrods used for feed, reflector & director
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Contd…
Fig.2: 5-element optical Yagi-Uda Nantenna driven by quantum dots
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Contd…
Fig.3: All dielectric optical Yagi-Uda Nantenna
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Problem IdentificationModern communication demands high speed data processing which relies on the speed and bandwidth of special detectors and emitters designed on the optical frequency. To justify the demand of todays’ high speed data communication and future Nano photonic circuits, there is a need of proper materials & structures that a designer can use to design required detectors and emitters at the optical frequencies. Also, for potential beam steering applications, MEMS technology was used which included a complex arrangement. There is a need of such antenna that can direct the beam into a particular direction. According to literature survey done, there are various optical antennas studied like Yagi-Uda nantennas, log-periodic optical nantennas, spiral nanoantennas, etc. but there is no any specification mentioned on the basis of materials in the optical regime.
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Objective
To design an optimized optical Yagi-Uda nantenna at 1550nm for beam steering and high speed data communication applications
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Proposed Work
Elemental material based study is done with the help of various designs
Substrate based study is done Effect of number of elements is analyzed Different Structures are analyzed Finally, based on all studies & comparison made, an optimized design
has been proposed
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Factors & Parameters for designs Parameters to be studied:
1. Material based study2. Elements based study3. Structure based study
Factors to be analyzed:1. Return Loss2. Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
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TABLE-I: Design Specifications For Nanorods & Nanospheres
Design Parameter Value (nm)
Operating Wavelength 1550
Operating Frequency 193.5 (THz)
Length of Reflector 442.875
Length of Feeder 387.5
Length of Director 344.44
Radius of Nanorods 25.835
Spacing between elements 258.30
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TABLE-II: Details of Substrates Used
Substrate/Parameters
Gallium Arsenide FR4 Silicon Glass
Relative Permittivity
12.9 4.4 11.9 5.5
Relative Permeability
1 1 1 1
Mass Density 5320 1900 2330 2500
Carrier Mobility High Low Low Low
Resistive Device Parasitics
Low High High High
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Design-I
Fig.4: 3-element optical Yagi-Uda Nantenna
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Result
Fig.5: S11 when Gold nantenna & Silicon substrate is used
01/05/2023 05:25:41 PM 18Fig.6: Comparison of S11 when Gold nantenna and Silicon & Gallium Arsenide substrates are used
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Fig.7: Comparison of S11 when Silver nantenna and Silicon & Gallium Arsenide substrate are used
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Fig.8: Comparison of S11 when Gold & Silver nantenna and Gallium Arsenide substrate is used
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Design-II
Fig.9: 4-element optical Yagi-Uda Nantenna
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Results
Fig.10: Comparison of S11 when Gold & Silver nantenna and Gallium Arsenide substrates is used
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Fig.11: Comparison of S11 when Gold nantenna and Silicon & Gallium Arsenide substrate are used
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Fig.12: Comparison of S11 when Silver nantenna and Silicon & Gallium Arsenide substrate are used
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Design-III
Fig.13: 5-element optical Yagi-Uda Nantenna
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Results
Fig.14: Comparison of S11 when Gold nantenna and Silicon & Gallium Arsenide substrate are used
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Fig.15: Comparison of S11 when Silver nantenna and Silicon & Gallium Arsenide substrate are used
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Design-IV
Fig.16: 7-element optical Yagi-Uda nantenna
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Results
Fig.17: Comparison of S11 when Gold nantenna and Silicon & Gallium Arsenide substrate are used
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Fig.18: Comparison of S11 when Silver nantenna and Silicon & Gallium Arsenide substrate are used
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Design-V
Fig.19: 5-element all dielectric optical Yagi-Uda nantenna
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Fig.20:Graph showing comparison based on substrates for all dielectric optical Yagi-Uda nantenna
Results
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Table-III: Design Spacing For Circular Loop Yagi-Uda Nantenna
Design Parameter Value (nm)
Operating Wavelength 1550
Operating Frequency 193.5 (THz)
Radius of Reflector 259.02
Radius of Feeder 193.75
Radius of Director(s) 172.28
Spacing between elements 155
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Design-VI
Fig.21:8-element circular loop optical Yagi-Uda nantenna
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Fig.22:Top view of 8-eleement circular loop optical Yagi-Uda nantenna
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Results
Fig.23:Graph showing comparison based on element material for 8-element circular loop optical Yagi-Uda nantenna
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Fig.24:Graph showing comparison based on substrates for 8-element circular loop optical Yagi-Uda nantenna
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Final Design
Fig.25:Finally optimized design with 9-element optical Yagi-Uda nantenna
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Results
Fig.26:Return Loss of finally optimized design
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Fig.27:VSWR of finally optimized design
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Fig.28: 2D plot of finally optimized design
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Fig.29: 3D plot finally optimized design
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Formulae to calculate various parameters If we have return loss, we can calculate the following parameters directly:
Reflection Coefficient
VSWR
Through Power
Average Power
Reflected Power
( Re /20)10 turnloss
2100(1 )
2100*
( Re /20)
( Re /20)
[1 10 ][1 10 ]
turnloss
turnloss
2Re (1 )avP turnloss
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Table-IV: Values of finally calculated parameters
Parameters Calculated Result
Reflection Coefficient 0.00804
Voltage Standing Wave Ratio 1.0081
Average Power 41.89%
Through Power 99%
Reflected Power 0.006%
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Conclusion Gold and silver are chosen to make the comparison for the elemental
material study Suitable number of directors has been chosen to get the appropriate results. Suitable material has been decided by comparing silicon, gallium arsenide,
glass, FR4 epoxy, etc. Analysis of different structures have been carried out After all the comparison, an optimized design has been proposed Optimized design can be used for the mentioned applications as Yagi-Uda
antenna is a directive antenna & can direct the beam in a particular direction. This can eliminate the need of MEMS technology that was including a complex arrangement for beam steering.
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References• Ivan S. Maksymov, et.al., “Optical Yagi-Uda Nanoantennas”,
Nonlinear Physics Centre for Ultrahigh Bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems,ACT 0200, April 2012
• Javier Alda, Jose M Rico-Garcia, Jose M Lopez-Alonso, G Boreman, “Optical antennas for nano-photonic applications”, Institute of Physics Publishing, 2005
• Holfer F. Hofmann, Terukazu Kosako, Yutaka Kadoya, “Design Parameters for a nano-optical Yagi-Uda antenna”, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, 2007
• Lukas Novotny, “Optical Antennas”, Review Article, 2010• Lukas Novotny, Niek van Hulst, “Antennas for light”, Nature
Photonics, Review Article, 2011• Daniel Dregley, Richard Taubert, Jens Dorfmuller, Ralf Vogelgesang,
Klaus Kern, Harald Giessen, “3D Optical Yagi-Uda Nanoantenna Array”, Research Article, Nature Communications, 2011
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Thank you all…!!
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