oracle exadata architecture v9
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8/12/2019 Oracle Exadata Architecture V9
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Architecture: Oracle Exadata vs. Teradata
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3/6/2014 Teradata Confidential Information 2
Topics
Exadata Overview> Exadata Storage Server
> HP Oracle Database Machine
Architectural Assessment
Pricing Review
Summary
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Oracle Exadata Storage Server
Specialized Storage for Oracle databases
Oracle Exadata software + HP hardware
Addresses Oracles Disk IO Bottleneck> More, small storage units
> Infiniband for higher bandwidth
> Filter rows & columns in storage server
Based on HP DL180 G5 Server> 2 Intel quad-core Xeon processors
> 8 GB RAM
> Array of 12 SAS or SATA disks 450 GB SAS disks
1TB SATA disks
> Infiniband links to Oracle DBMS> Software pre-installed Exadata software
HP Management software
Oracle Enterprise Linux
Building block of Storage server cluster> 18 Exadata servers per rack
> Multiple Racks possible
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Oracle Exadata Storage Architecture
OracleDBMS
Infiniband
ExadataSoftware
Disk array
ExadataSoftware
Disk array
ExadataSoftware
Disk array
OracleDBMS
OracleDBMS
OracleDBMS
Oracle Exadata
OracleDBMS
OracleDBMS
OracleDBMS
OracleDBMS
ArrayController
ArrayController
Oracle before Exadata
Disk array Disk arrayDisk array
Fibre Channel
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Oracle Exadata 2 layer query processing
Oracle Database layer> Aggregation
> Sort, group by
> Data redistribution
> Complex joins non-partition-wise
> Functions, UDFs, stored procs
> SQL OLAP extensions
> All other SQL processing
Exadata layer
> Projection select list columns
> Restriction where clause predicates
> Simple joins fact to dimensions
ExadataSoftware
Exadata Server
960 MBps
OracleDBMS
Software
Oracle Server
Infiniband
ExadataLayer
OracleDBMSLay
er
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HP Oracle Database Machine
Preconfigured system 8 DL360 Oracle Database servers
> 2 quad-core Intel Xeon, 32GB RAM> Oracle Enterprise Linux> Oracle RAC
14 Exadata Storage Cells (SAS orSATA)> Up to 20 TB uncompressed user data
(SAS)> Up to 46 TB uncompressed user data
(SATA)
4 InfiniBand switches 1 Gigabit Ethernet switch Growth to multiple racks
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Oracle Exadata Product Specifications
Storage Type Storage
Capacity
User Data
Volume*
Data
Bandwidth
Oracle ExadataStorage Server
450 GB SAS 5.4 TB 1-1.5 TB .96 GBps
1 TB SATA 12 TB 2.7-3.5 TB .75 GBps
HP Oracle
DatabaseMachine
450 GB SAS 75 TB 15-20 TB 13.4 GBps
1 TB SATA 168 TB 37-46 TB 10.5 GBps
* Varies from 3.5 disk to data ratio, to a more typical 4.5-5 ratio
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Architecture Assessment of Oracle Exadata
Compared to Teradata: Exadata does not put intelligence closer to the storage
Exadata is not shared nothing
Exadata does not enable high concurrency
Exadata does not support active data warehousing Exadata does not provide superior query performance
Exadata is not green
Exadata is not simple
> Trying to solve a software problem with hardware Exadata is not less expensive
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Exadata Intelligence not closer to storage
Both read data from disk intoIntel Xeon processors
Oracle divides query processingbetween Exadata & DB layers> Exadata does simple filtering
> DBMS does everything else Teradata performs all query
processing in single layer
Oracle interconnect moves dataand Interprocess Communication
Teradata BYNET only handlesIPC traffic
Teradata puts all intelligence asclose to the data as Exadataintelligent storage layer
Arraycontroller
CPUCPU
Teradata Node
2.8 GBps
375 MBps
Arraycontroller
CPUCPU
Exadata Server
960 MBps
ASM
DBMS
Oracle Server
2 GBps
RAC
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Exadata not shared nothing
Exadata servers each have their own disks Each partition striped across all Exadata disks
SAME policy implemented by Oracle ASM by default
Software mirrored via ASM failure groups
Supports parallel IO across shared storage
ASM
DB
ASM
DB
Exadata Exadata Exadata
. . .
1
2
3
4
Partitions
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Teradata shared nothing
Each partition on separate disks not shared
Each partition owned by separate Amp
RAID 1 hardware mirroring
TeradataTeradataTeradata
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Partitions
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Query processing Exadata vs. Teradata
Show total sales by store for last year
Each worker reads all Exadata disks
Yields intra-query disk contention
Each AMP reads its own disks
No intra-query disk contention
AMP1
AMP2
AMP3
AMP4
1 2 3 4
Worker1
Worker2
Worker3
Worker4
Exadata Exadata Exadata
1
23
4
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Exadata does not enable high concurrency
Exadata reads large blocks 4 or 8 MB
Each parallel worker reads from all Exadata disks At 80 MBps 10 concurrent IOs possible
Intra-query and inter-query contention lower throughput
Under high concurrency, DB parallel query worker processesqueue for IO
ASM
DB
ASM
DB
Exadata Exadata Exadata
. . .
IO
Queue
ExadataDisk
ParallelQuery 1
ParallelQuery 2
ParallelQuery 3
ParallelQuery 4
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Exadata does not support active updates
Oracle uses Multiple Version Concurrency Control (MVCC)> Ensures consistency of data in an active update environment> SCN checking (for correct data version) done in DB layer> SCN stored on data block
Exadata has two modes> Filter rows and columns and return result set> Passthrough unfiltered data blocks
Exadata returns unfiltered data blocks (passthrough)
not filtered query results.
ASM
DB
ASM
DB
Exadata Exadata Exadata
. . .
12033
12035
12029
12033
12033
12035
12029
12033
12033
Select
(SCN 12033)
RollbackSegment
Scan path
Data blocks
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ExadataSoftware
Exadata Server
960 MBps
OracleDBMS
Software
Oracle Server
2 GBps
Exadata Performance Simple Query
1. Query coordinator dispatches parallel Exadataquery plan
2. Each parallel slave requests exadata to readsales partitions from disk
3. Exadata filters columns & rows> Store, date, amount
> For current year
4. Exadata sends matching tuples to parallelslaves
5. Parallel slaves perform local group by and sum
6. Parallel slaves send sums by store to querycoordinator
7. Query coordinator performs global merge andreturns result set to requester
Query: Show total sales by store for YTD
1
2
3 4
5
6
7
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ExadataSoftware
Exadata Server
960 MBps
OracleDBMS
Software
Oracle Server
2 GBps
Exadata Performance Complex Query
1. Query coordinator dispatches parallel Exadata queryplan
2. Each parallel slave requests exadata to read salesand customer data from disk
3. Exadata filters columns & rows
> Store, date, amount for current year> Customer demographics
4. Exadata returns matching tuples to parallel slaves
5. Parallel slaves redistribute customer data for join
6. Parallel slaves perform join
7. Parallel slaves perform local group by and sum8. Parallel slaves send sums by store to query
coordinator
9. Query coordinator performs global merge andreturns result set to requester
Query: Show sales by store by customer age, sex, income
1
2
3 4
56
7
98
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Exadata Query Performance
Simple Query
ExadataSoftware
Exadata Server
960 MBps
OracleDBMS
Software
Oracle Server
2 GBps
1
2
3 4
5
6
7
ExadataSoftware
Exadata Server
960 MBps
OracleDBMS
Software
Oracle Server
2 GBps
1
2
3 4
5 6
7
98
Complex Query
As Query Complexity grows
> Exadata portion gets smaller
> Benefit of Exadata lessens
> Standard Oracle DW issues
grow Exadata biggest impact
> Simpler star schemas
> Data mart applications
Exadata smallest impact
> Complex query
> Complex schema
> Mixed workload
> Ad hoc analysis
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Oracle Exadata Contribution to Performance
Query Complexity
ResourceAlloca
tion(%)
25
50
75
100
Oracle DBMS
Exadata Cells
Low High
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WorkloadComplexity
OPERATIONALIZINGWHAT IShappening?
ACTIVATINGMAKE it happen!
ANALYZINGWHY
did it happen?
REPORTINGWHAT
happened?
PREDICTINGWHAT WILL
happen?
Query Performance Summary
Data Sophistication
Exadata Teradata
Very good Very good
Exadata Teradata
Fair Very good
Exadata Teradata
Poor Excellent
Exadata Teradata
Poor Excellent
Exadata Teradata
Poor Excellent
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Teradata vs. Oracle Exadata per rack
Teradata DWA2550
HP Oracle DBMachine
20 TB Max. User Data 15 TB
144 x 450 GB@ 15K
Active Disks168 x 450 GB
@ 15K
144 AMPs DoP Dynamic
32 Xeon64-bit @2.33 GHz
DatabaseProcessor Cores
176 Xeon (112/64)64-bit @2.66 GHz
128 GB Memory 368 (112/256) GB
Linux 64-bit OS OEL 64-bit
9.6 GB/s Peak Scan Rate 13.6 GB/s
HW RAID 1 Data Protection SW Mirroring
Oracle Exadata throwing hardware at a software problem
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Exadata Pricing _ Oracles Claims
US$4000 per TBfor hardware
< US$14000 perTB for combinedhardware and
software HP Oracle
DatabaseMachine pricingof $1.68Msoftware, $650khardware.
Use your existing
database licenses
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Reality: Including Oracle Database Licenses
Software List Price/CPU Subtotal
Oracle 11 Enter rise Edition 47 500 1 520 000
Real A lication Clusters $23,000 $736,000
Partitionin $11,500 $368,000
Com ression 11 500 368 000
Enterprise Manager Diagnostics
Pack
$3,500 $112,000
Enterprise Manager Tuning Pack $3,500 $112,000
TOTAL $100,500 $3,216,000
Component Price
Hardware $650,000
Exadata Software $1,680,000
Oracle RDBMS Software $3,216,000
$5,546,000
Oracleleftout
60%of the
listprice!
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Oracle Database Machine vs. Teradata Family
Teradata DW Appliance less expensive than Oracle DBM w SAS disks> Fully loaded 4x advantage> Exadata only 2x advantage
Teradata Extreme DWA less expensive than Oracle DBM w SATA disks
Teradata ADW less expensive than Oracle DBM fully loaded
SpinningDisk
UserData
ExadataPrice
TotalPrice
Oracle DBM w SAS disks
(450 GB @ 15K RPM)75 TB 15 TB $2.3M $5.5M
Oracle DBM w SATA disks
(1 TB @ 7200 RPM)168 TB 37 TB $2.3M $5.5M
Teradata ADW
(300 GB @ 15K RPM)44 TB 28 TB -- $4.2M
Teradata DW Appliance
(450 GB @ 15K RPM)43 TB 20 TB -- $1.3M
Teradata Extreme DWAppliance (1 TB @ 7200 RPM) 124 TB 50 TB -- $0.8M
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Oracle Database Machine vs. Teradata Family
Teradata DW Appliance> less expensive than Oracle DBM fully loaded (SAS or SATA)> Less expensive than Oracle DBM w SAS (Exadata only)
Teradata ADW less expensive than Oracle DBM w SAS (fully loaded)
Teradata Extreme DW Appliance cheaper than Oracle w SATA
TeradataADW
TeradataDW
Appliance
TeradataExtreme
DWAppliance
OracleDBM
w SATA
OracleDBM
w SAS
$100K
$200K
$300K
$400K
Exadata onlyOracle DBMS
Teradata DBMS
$150K
$65K
$16.5K
$150K
$370K
$155K
$63KPriceper
TBofUserData
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Summary
Oracle Data Base Machine :> Is not ground breaking
> Is not cheap
> Is not an appliance - still multiple support points
> Is not an EDW solution EDW requires more than fastscans
> Does not solve most of Oracle's DW performance problems
> HP Oracle DMB is not a balanced system
> Is unnecessarily complex
So what does it do?> Address a Oracle configuration problem
> Emphasize the OOWI reference arch
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Thank You!
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TeradataDBMS
Software
Teradata Node
2.8 GBps
375 MBps
Teradata Performance Simple Query
1. PE dispatches parallel query plan to AMPs
2. Each AMP to read partition data from disk
3. AMPs filter columns & rows
> Store, date, amount
> For current year
4. AMPs perform local group by and sum
5. AMPs redist local groups for global merge
6. AMPs perform global merge and returns result
set to PE7. PE returns result set to requester
Query: Show total sales by store for YTD
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2
3
4
5
6
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TeradataDBMS
Software
Teradata Node
2.8 GBps
375 MBps
Teradata Performance Complex Query
1. PE dispatches parallel query plan to AMPs
2. Each AMP reads sales and customer data fromdisk
3. AMPs filters columns & rows
> Store, date, amount for current year> Customer demographics
4. AMPs redistribute customer data for join
5. AMPs perform join
6. AMPs perform local group by and sum
7. AMPs redist local groups for global merge8. AMPs perform global merge and returns result
set to PE
9. PE returns result set to requester
Query: Show sales by store by customer age, sex, income
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2
3
4
5
6
7 9
8
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