oral hygiene maintenance - dr. nadeem

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Delivered By

 Asst. Prof. Dr. Muhammad Nadeem

B.D.S (Karachi),DICSM (Sydney),

MIPH (Sydney)

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Defini t ion  

Oral hygiene is the practice of 

keeping the mouth clean and healthy 

by brushing and flossing to prevent 

tooth decay and gum disease.

Oral Hygiene Maintenance

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 A soft, thin film of food debris, mucin and deadepithelial cells deposited on the teeth, providingthe growth of various bacteria.

The main inorganic components are calciumand phosphorus with small amounts of magnesium, potassium and sodium, the

organic matrix consists of polysaccharides,proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and other components.

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Calculus or tartar refers to hardened plaque onthe teeth, formed by the presence of saliva,debris, and minerals

Its rough surface provides an ideal medium for bacterial growth, threatening the health of thegums and absorbing unaesthetic stains

Calculus causes swelling, bleeding and

weakening of gums, and can lead to gumrecession. Calculus can even extend intopockets created between the tooth and gums

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Personal Oral Care consists of followingmethods

* Tooth Brushing

* Dental Flossing

Professional Oral Care consists of followingmethods

* Scaling And polishing* Root Planning ( Deep Scaling)

* Periodontal Surgery

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There are many effective brushing techniques ,

best brushing techniques which sufficiently

removes plaque , food remove in between

teeth, makes all tooth surface clean. One effective, easy-to-remember technique

involves using a circular or elliptical motion to

brush a couple of teeth at a time, gradually

covering the entire mouth.

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Ideal brushing time is 3 to 4 minute

Toothbrush head should be small (1" by 1/2")

for easy access It should have a long, widehandle for a firm grasp. It should have soft,nylon bristles with round ends. Some brushesare too abrasive and can wear down teeth. A

soft, rounded bristles can clean teetheffectively.

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Press just firmly enough to reach the

spaces between the teeth as well as thesurface.

Medium and hard bristles are not

recommended.

The teeth should be brushed after every

meal (which is by far the best protection)and at bedtime

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Flossing helps in minimizing the interdental

food removal and prevents plaque, calculus

accumulation

Types of flosses are waxed, unwaxed, flat,

round, ribbon, textured, spongy, flavored,fluoridated,

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 Antiseptic and anti-plaque mouth rinse claims

to kill the germs that cause plaque, gingivitis,

and bad breath.

 Anti-cavity mouth rinse uses fluoride to protectagainst tooth decay

Mouthwash does not eliminate the need for 

both brushing and flossing it is better to userinses after flossing and brushing, not before 

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20 ml of mouthwash two times a day afterbrushing

Gargled for about half a minute and then spat

out.

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 Active ingredients in commercial brands of mouthwash may include

Thymol, eucalyptol, methyl salicylate menthol,chlorhexidine gluconate, Benzalkoniumchloride triclosan hexetidine, delmopinolcetylpyridinium chloride, hydrogen peroxide

and sometimes fluoride, enzymes and calcium.  

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Ingredients also include water, sweeteners suchas sorbitol and sodium saccharine, and asignificant amount of alcohol (around 20%).Many newer brands are alcohol-free

A salt mouthwash is a home treatment formouth infections and/or injuries, or postextraction, and is made by dissolving ateaspoon of salt in a cup of warm water. Plain(dilute) hydrogen peroxide is another common

mouthwash.

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Manual Scaling and Polishing

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