orchestral landmarks
Post on 24-Feb-2016
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Orchestral Landmarks
Orchestral Landmarks• Classical period (1750 – 1800)
• Late Classical (1800 – 1830)
• Romantic period (1830 – 1900)
• 20th Century (1900 – 2000)
Classical Orchestra
Kettle Drums
French Horns Trumpets
Flutes Clarinets Oboes Bassoons
Second Violins Double BassesViolas
First Violins Cellos
Classical Orchestra
• Strings dominate the sound of classical music.
• Melody is in the violins.
• Woodwind fill out the harmony (or if the play the melody they double the string parts).
Classical Features
• Balanced 2 or 4 bar phrases.
• Use of sequence, repetition and imitation.
• Major or minor tonality – very diatonic.
• Very clear pulse with little variation of tempo.
Classical StructuresName Movements Ensemble Notes
Overture 1 Orchestra Introduction to ballet or opera
Suite N/A Orchestra Incidental music from ballet or opera
Concerto 3 Soloist + Orchestra
Piano & violin concertos were most popular.
Symphony 4 Orchestra
The Classical SymphonyFirst Movement Second Movement Third Movement Fourth Movement
Brisk & purposeful
Slower & song-like
Fairly fast & dance-like
Fast & cheerful
• First Movement – sonata form• Second Movement – ternary or variation
form.• Third Movement – minuet or scherzo.• Fourth Movement – rondo, variation, or
sonata form.
The Classical Concerto
First Movement Second Movement Third MovementExposition Development Recapitulation
• Classical concerto is in sonata form.
• Cadenza – orchestra drops out and soloist improvises to impress the audience.
Classical Composers
• Joseph Haydn (1732-1809)
• Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791)
• Franz Schubert (1791-1828)
• Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827)
Classical or non-classical?Cadenza Recapitulation
Tone row
Balanced phrasing
Melody in the strings
Schubert
Wagner
Programme musicConcerto
Minimalism
Dissonance
Exposition
Classical or non-classical?
Cadenza
Recapitulation
Tone row
Balanced phrasing
Melody in the strings
Schubert
Wagner
Programme musicConcerto
Minimalism
DissonanceExposition
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