organic approaches to disease control george driever area pest management specialist cooperative...
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Organic Approaches to Organic Approaches to Disease ControlDisease Control
George DrieverGeorge Driever
Area Pest Management SpecialistArea Pest Management Specialist
Cooperative Extension ServiceCooperative Extension Service
Oklahoma State UniversityOklahoma State University
Plant pathogensPlant pathogens
FungiFungi BacteriaBacteria VirusesViruses PhytoplasmsPhytoplasms NematodesNematodes
Host
Environment
Time
Pathogen
Disease
DISEASE TRIANGLE
Identifying Diseases by SymptomsIdentifying Diseases by Symptoms
Fungi – spots, lesions, blights, yellowing of Fungi – spots, lesions, blights, yellowing of leaves, wilts, cankers, rots, fruiting bodiesleaves, wilts, cankers, rots, fruiting bodies
Bacteria – water-soaking, spots, wilts, rots, Bacteria – water-soaking, spots, wilts, rots, blights, cankers, exudates, galls, yellowingblights, cankers, exudates, galls, yellowing
Viruses – mottling, leaf and stem distortions, Viruses – mottling, leaf and stem distortions, stuntingstunting
Phytoplasms – similar to virus symptomsPhytoplasms – similar to virus symptoms Nematodes – stunting, dying plants Nematodes – stunting, dying plants
Difficulties in IdentificationDifficulties in Identification
Plant pathogens are very smallPlant pathogens are very small Similar symptoms between bacteria and fungi Similar symptoms between bacteria and fungi
and between fungal groupsand between fungal groups Field diagnosis is difficultField diagnosis is difficult Multiple pathogens may be present at the same Multiple pathogens may be present at the same
time.time. Multiple symptoms may be presentMultiple symptoms may be present
Methods of Disease ControlMethods of Disease Control
CulturalCultural
ChemicalChemical
BiologicalBiological
Cultural Disease ControlCultural Disease Control
Develop soil rich in organic matterDevelop soil rich in organic matter Plant on raised bedsPlant on raised beds Plant tolerant or resistant varietiesPlant tolerant or resistant varieties Crop rotation Crop rotation Plants adapted to areaPlants adapted to area Plant at proper depth (below crown or graft)Plant at proper depth (below crown or graft) Use only thoroughly composted materialUse only thoroughly composted material
Cultural Disease Control cont’dCultural Disease Control cont’d
Soil pH adjustmentSoil pH adjustment Improve air circulation by staking, trellis Improve air circulation by staking, trellis
or pruningor pruning Remove weeds: carry disease, circulationRemove weeds: carry disease, circulation Water in the morning Water in the morning Avoid high angle sprinklersAvoid high angle sprinklers Do not over fertilizeDo not over fertilize Remove diseased plants and destroyRemove diseased plants and destroy
Exclusion of DiseaseExclusion of Disease
Certified disease free plantsCertified disease free plants Prevent introduction of diseased plants or soilPrevent introduction of diseased plants or soil Disease free water sourceDisease free water source Control insects that can carry diseaseControl insects that can carry disease Soil solarizationSoil solarization
Chemical ControlsChemical Controls
Hydrated LimeHydrated Lime Lime sulfurLime sulfur CoppersCoppers Horticultural OilsHorticultural Oils Essential OilsEssential Oils BicarbonatesBicarbonates AntibioticsAntibiotics
Hydrated LimeHydrated Lime
pH adjustmentpH adjustment Component of Bordeaux mixtureComponent of Bordeaux mixture
Lime SulphurLime Sulphur
Use as a protectant dust or spray to control Use as a protectant dust or spray to control some fungal or bacterial diseasessome fungal or bacterial diseases
Helps control peach leaf curl, rust, powdery Helps control peach leaf curl, rust, powdery mildew (PM), brown rotmildew (PM), brown rot
Lilly Miller Poly Sul Lime Sulfur – Calcium Lilly Miller Poly Sul Lime Sulfur – Calcium Polysulfide – 28.7% Polysulfide – 28.7%
Generic and other brands availableGeneric and other brands available
CoppersCoppers
Controls some fungi and FireblightControls some fungi and Fireblight Free Cu - Copper sulfate: Bordeaux mixtureFree Cu - Copper sulfate: Bordeaux mixture Fixed Cu - copper hydroxide, copper oxide, Fixed Cu - copper hydroxide, copper oxide,
copper oxychloride, copper octanoatecopper oxychloride, copper octanoate Kocides – restricted use, requires licenseKocides – restricted use, requires license Safer Garden fungicide – Cu 12% or 0.4% : Safer Garden fungicide – Cu 12% or 0.4% :
rust, scab, brown spot, black spot, othersrust, scab, brown spot, black spot, others
CopperCopper
Bonide Liquid Cu – Cu octanoate 0.08% : PM, Bonide Liquid Cu – Cu octanoate 0.08% : PM, rust, black spot, late blight, othersrust, black spot, late blight, others
Bonide Copper Garden Dust – copper sulfate Bonide Copper Garden Dust – copper sulfate and rotenone for fruits, garden, and flowersand rotenone for fruits, garden, and flowers
Lilly Miller Cueva Cu soap – Cu octanoate Lilly Miller Cueva Cu soap – Cu octanoate 0.08%: PM, DM, gray mold, blight, spots0.08%: PM, DM, gray mold, blight, spots
Many other brandsMany other brands
Horticultural oilsHorticultural oils
Mostly controls foliar insects, but also peach leaf Mostly controls foliar insects, but also peach leaf curl, and some other fungicurl, and some other fungi
Dormant, suffocating, summer oilsDormant, suffocating, summer oils Fungus Pharm – soybean oil plus Rosemary oil Fungus Pharm – soybean oil plus Rosemary oil
0.1%0.1%
Essential OilsEssential Oils
Neem oil – up to 70%: many brands that Neem oil – up to 70%: many brands that control insects, mites and some fungi such as control insects, mites and some fungi such as PM, rust, scab, leaf spots, anthracnose and PM, rust, scab, leaf spots, anthracnose and black spotblack spot
Green Light Organic fungicide – Rosemary Green Light Organic fungicide – Rosemary Oil 0.2%: anthracnose, blights, gray mold, Oil 0.2%: anthracnose, blights, gray mold, PM, DM, leaf spots, scab, rusts, othersPM, DM, leaf spots, scab, rusts, others
BicarbonatesBicarbonates
Potassium Bicarbonate – disrupts cell Potassium Bicarbonate – disrupts cell membrane K balancemembrane K balance
Bi Carb - K bicarbonate: PM, othersBi Carb - K bicarbonate: PM, others
Safer 3 in 1 – K salts: PM Black spot, leaf Safer 3 in 1 – K salts: PM Black spot, leaf spots, rusts for seed, transplants or established spots, rusts for seed, transplants or established plantsplants
Sodium Bicarbonate ?Sodium Bicarbonate ?
AntibioticsAntibiotics
Streptomycin sulfate – many brands for Streptomycin sulfate – many brands for agricultural use to control bacteria, fireblightagricultural use to control bacteria, fireblight
Fertilome Fireblight spray : also for bacterial Fertilome Fireblight spray : also for bacterial wilt, stem rot, leaf spots and crown gallwilt, stem rot, leaf spots and crown gall
Tetracycline - fireblightTetracycline - fireblight
Antagonists/ CompetitorsAntagonists/ Competitors
Trichoderma harziumTrichoderma harzium is the most researched is the most researched Many others are being looked atMany others are being looked at
Biological ControlsBiological Controls
Bacillus subtillusBacillus subtillus
Seranade Garden Disease Control – control Seranade Garden Disease Control – control and suppressionand suppression
Streptomyces griseoviridisStreptomyces griseoviridis – Pythium, – Pythium, Botrytis, Fusarium, Alternaria, Phomopsis, Botrytis, Fusarium, Alternaria, Phomopsis, slightly on Phytopthora, Rhizoctoniaslightly on Phytopthora, Rhizoctonia
Pythium oligandrumPythium oligandrum DV 74 – hyperparasite DV 74 – hyperparasite in testing on many pathogenic fungiin testing on many pathogenic fungi
Nematode ControlNematode Control
ExclusionExclusion Resistant varietiesResistant varieties Crop rotationCrop rotation Cover cropsCover crops
Grain Rye (Elbon rye) for root knotGrain Rye (Elbon rye) for root knot SolarizationSolarization
Take Home MessageTake Home Message
PlanPlan Keep recordsKeep records ScoutScout Learn disease symptomsLearn disease symptoms Be proactive in controlBe proactive in control
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