organic compounds

Organic Compounds

Organic Compounds

• Organic compounds must have carbon and hydrogen. Some examples of organic compounds includes carbohydrates, proteins and lipids.

Inorganic Compounds

• Inorganic compounds have either one or none of carbon and hydrogen. Water is inorganic as it only has hydrogen and carbon dioxide is also inorganic.

H2O CO2

Examples

• Identify if the compound is inorganic or organic.

1. Octane C8 H18 2. Starch (C6 H10 O5 ) 3. Steel Fe 4. Butane C4 H10 5. Baking Soda NaHCO3 6. Olive Oil C18 H34 O2

Carbohydrates:OH

OHH

H

HO

CH2OH

HH

HOH

O

Energy molecules

Carbohydrates

Made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, & Oxygen.

Carbohydrates

• Building block molecules =

sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugarsugar

sugar - sugar - sugar - sugar - sugarmonosaccharides

sucrose

Carbohydrates

• Function:– quick energy (short

term)

– energy storage

– structure• cell wall in plants

• Examples– sugars

– starches

– cellulose (cell wall)

glucoseC6H12O6

starch

Sugars = building blocks

• Names for sugars usually end in– glucose– fructose– sucrose– maltose

OH

OH

H

H

HO

CH2OH

HH

HOH

O

glucoseC6H12O6

sucrose

fructose

maltose

-ose

Building carbohydrates

• Synthesis

|glucose

|glucose

1 sugar = monosaccharide

2 sugars = disaccharide

|maltose

mono = onesaccharide = sugar

di = two

Building carbohydrates

• Synthesis

|fructose

|glucose

1 sugar = monosaccharide

|sucrose

(table sugar)

2 sugars = disaccharide

How sweetit is!

BIG carbohydrates• Polysaccharides

– large carbohydrates• starch

– energy storage in plants» potatoes

• glycogen– energy storage in animals

» in liver & muscles

• cellulose– structure in plants

» cell walls

poly = many

Building BIG carbohydratesglucose + glucose + glucose… =

starch(plant)

glycogen(animal)

energystorage

polysaccharide

Digesting starch vs. cellulose

starcheasy todigest

cellulosehard todigest

Cellulose • Cell walls in plants

– herbivores can digest cellulose well– most carnivores cannot digest cellulose

• that’s why they eat meat to get their energy & nutrients

• cellulose = roughage– stays undigested– keeps material

moving in your intestines

Different Diets of HerbivoresCow

can digest cellulose well; no need to eat other sugars

Gorillacan’t digest cellulose well; must add another sugar source, like fruit to diet

Helpful bacteria• How can cows digest cellulose so well?

– BACTERIA live in their stomachs & help digest cellulose-rich (grass) meals

Eeeew…Chewing

cud?