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Origins of American Government
Chapter 2
How does the Constitution reflect the times in which
it was written?
OUR POLITICAL BEGINNINGS
Chapter 2 Section 1
What ideas and traditions influenced government in
the English colonies?
BASIC CONCEPTS OF GOVERNMENT
THE ENGLISH COLONIST BROUGHT TO NORTH AMERICA THREE BASIC NOTIONS THAT HELPED SHAPED THE GOVERNMENT OF THE USA.
ORDERED GOVERNMENT
• Orderly regulation of relationships with each colony
• Saw a need for government• Examples: sheriff, justice of the
peace
LIMITED GOVERNMENT
• Government is restricted in what it can do
• Each individual has rights that the government cannot take away
REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT
• The idea that government should serve the will of the people
• People should have a voice of what the government should and should not do
LANDMARK ENGLISH DOCUMENTS
Ordered government, limited government, and representative government can be traced to several landmark documents in English history.
1. The MAGNA CARTA – provides protection against the government.
2. The PETITION OF RIGHTS – limited the king’s power.
3. The ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS –protected citizens rights
Magna Carta1215
• Government is not all-powerful• Provided for the basis of limited government• Protection against unjust punishment, loss of life,
liberty, and property• Certain taxes could not be levied with out popular
consent
Petition of Rights1628
• Severely limited the king’s power• Could not collect tax without Parliament’s consent• Could not imprison people without just cause• No quartering of troops without permission of the
homeowner• Cannot declare marital law unless the country was
at war
English Bill of Rights
1689
• Set clear limits on what a leader could or could not do
• Stated Monarchs do not have absolute authority; rule with consent of the people
• Must have consent from Parliament to suspend laws, levy taxes., maintain army; right to fair and speedy trial
• People protected against cruel and unusual punishment
An English Political Heritage
FOUNDATIONS OF AMERICAN RIGHTS
The rights established in these landmark documents were revolutionary in their day and influenced government in many countries.
1215Magna Carta
1689English Bill of
Rights
1776Virginia Bill of
Rights
1791Bill of Rights
Trial by jury √ √ √ √
Due Process √ √ √
Private Property √ √ √
No Cruel punishment √ √ √
No excessive bail or fines √ √ √
Right to bear arms √ √ √
Right to petition √ √
No unreasonable search or seizures √ √
Freedom of speech √ √
Freedom of press √ √
Freedom of religion √ √
The Thirteen ColoniesThe settings in
which Americans first started to learn government.
First permanent English settlement was in Jamestown, Virginia.
North America was an escape for more personal and religious freedom
THE COMING OF INDEPENDENCE
Chapter 2 Section 2
What events and ideas led to American
independence?
Britain’s Colonial PoliciesColonist became
use to self-government◦ Great Britain was
3,000 miles away; 2 months to sail to receive correspondence
Great Britain responsible for:◦ Colonial defense◦ Foreign affairs◦ Uniform money
system◦ Market for
colonial tradeLittle taxes were
taken from the colonies
King George II was the king of Great Britain at this time.
Britain's Colonial PoliciesKing George III
◦ Came to throne in 1760
◦ Started to deal with the colonists more “firmly”
◦ Restricted trading and enforced taxes to support British troops in North America
The Stamp Act CongressStamp Act
◦ Required the use of tax stamps on all legal documents, certain business agreements, and on newspapers
◦ The Act was denounced by the colonies because they thought the taxes were too high
◦ This tax brought the colonies together; they formed the Stamp Act Congress
◦ Nine of the thirteen colonies sent delegates
◦ Sent a letter to the King called the Declarations of Rights and Grievances
◦ Parliament repealed the Stamp Act; frictions still mounted
Britain’s harsh tax and trade policies brought resentment to the colonies.
First Continental CongressIntolerable Acts
◦ Britain passed new laws for troubles in Boston (Massacre/Tea Party)
◦ Wrote the Declaration of Rights Urged colonist to
boycott (refusal to buy) all trade with England
Second Continental Congress
Nation’s first government◦ President = John
Hancock◦ Commander-in-Chief =
George Washington◦ Condemned by the
British as a act of treason
John HancockPresident
George Washington
Commander-in-Chief
The Declaration of Independence
Thomas Jefferson◦ Main author of the
DeclarationDeclared
independence on July 4, 1776.
King George III -- To Late to Apologize
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