orthographic engineering

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ENG3000

Orthographic

Projection

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Session Objectives· To understand the basic principles of

orthographic projection· To be able to construct orthographic

views of simple objects

· To visualize 3−D objects from drawingsshowing their orthographic views

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Orthographic Projection

· Ortho − Greek word meaning perpendicular

· Show the views of an object projected in 2−D

· Usually the top, front, and right side viewstop

front right

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Orthographic Projection

· Imagine the object

is surrounded by aglass cube.

· Object surfaces

are projected ontothe faces.

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Orthographic Projection

Unfold the cubeso that it lies in asingle plane

Three views of theobject are nowvisible on the

same plane inspace

Fold lines

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Orthographic Projection

When the glass cube isunfolded:

  Front view: Height and Width  Top view: Width and Depth

  Right view: Depth and Height     H H

W

W

     D

D

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Orthographic Projection

Align views with each other (features projectfrom one view to the next)

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· Parallel to one of the six glass panes of our

transparent cube

· Perpendicular (normal) to the projectors to/from thatplane

Shown true size andshape in the view

that they are parallelto

Seen as edges (lines)in the other principal

views

A is 1 and 4B is 2 and 3

A

B

Line 1

Line 2

Line 3

Line 4

Orthographic Projection:

Normal SurfacesB

A

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Orthographic Projection:

Hidden Lines

Hidden Line (Dashedlines; can’t be "seen inthat view)

Visible Line (Solid

lines, can be seenin a given view,aka: Object Lines)

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As an Individual...

In your lab manual, pp. 28−29 (top two),construct the top, front and right side viewsof the objects shown in isometric.  Make sure your views are aligned and hidden lines are

included as necessary

Compare your answers

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Constructing the third view helps visualization skills−D object has edges and surfaces and they appearifferently in various views.

Edge: a point, edge or surface Surface: surface or edge

Orthographic Projection: Missing Views

     H H

W

W

     D

Dhen constructing the third view,

ecall: Points project perpendicularly from

one view to the next Object dimensions (height, width and

depth) are preserved from one view tothe next

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As an Individual...· In your lab manual, p. 30, construct the

third view of the objects· Compare your answers to those of your

teammates

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Orthographic Projection:

Surface IdentificationFor the indicated surfaces and edges, where arethey located in the adjacent view?

1, 2 Surface 8, 9, 11, 10

3 Edge 10, 89,11 Edge 2 or 4

1

4

2

3

8 9

10 11

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Orthographic Projection:

Surface Identification

30, 23 surface

8, 9 surface9, 10 surface

10, 3 surface

25 edge

20, 27 edge

29, 27 edge

10, 5 edge

For the indicated surfaces and edges,where are they located in the adjacent view?

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Constructing Isometric sketches from

Orthographic views develops visualization skills.

Orthographic Projection:

Isometric Sketches from

Orthographic Views

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1. Find the object’s overall dimensions from theorthographic views and sketch that size box

on isometric dot paper.

Orthographic Projection:

Iso. Sketches from Ortho Sketches

     D

     H

W

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3. Add/remove lines until the view is complete.

Orthographic Projection:

Iso. Sketches from Ortho Sketches

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2. Sketch the top, front, and right side views intheir appropriate locations on the box.

Orthographic Projection:

Iso. Sketches from Ortho Sketches

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As an Individual...

In your Lab Manual, p. 31:1. sketch a box of that size on isometric dot paper2. sketch the top, front, and right side views

3. add and remove lines

     D

     H

W

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Individual HomeworkDue: Thursday 8.2

Complete Lab Manual problems onpp. 28−31 as indicated