parking: economics of enforcement

Accounting for successful enforcementCOLIN BUCHANAN

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Enforcement conference

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PCNs In London 4.7m parking PCNs issued Police and traffic wardens issued 400k Parking enforcement officers outside

London issued 3.8m PCNs In England 18% of car drivers received a

PCN last year 32% of 16 to 34 year-olds had

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Why do you manage parking? safety excess demand conflicting demand raise revenue attract visitors/

shoppers reduce congestion tackle climate change

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Safety Accidents caused by

parked cars 3% deaths 5% all road accidents

Economic cost £600m Clear rationale for

enforcement

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Excess demand If people cannot park they

cannot spend money in your town

Parking controls should be aimed at always providing a parking space

But parking demand varies by time of day and day of week

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Conflicting demands commuters’ cars parked

1.6m on-street 0.5m in public car parks

lost retail revenue £1bn+?

clear economic rationale for intervening

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Parking permits How much too

charge? Should it vary by

Location Engine size Number of cars Commercial or private

What exemptions should apply

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Raise revenue Local government generated £1.3bn gross from

parking - £0.4bn net Of total London generates around half gross and

third net almost 100 local authorities lost money £60m

between them on parking in 2008/09 raising parking revenues by 15% would increase

net revenues by 50% Improving revenue to average cost ratios would

increase net revenue by £150m

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Closed shops and double yellow lines – are they related

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Shopping and parking For town centre

shopping parking is not as important as for food shopping

Strength of retail offer is key draw not availability of parking

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Congestion Urban congestion costs

£10bn Cruising for parking

“My father didn’t pay for parking, my mother, my brother, nobody. It’s like going to a prostitute. Why should I pay when, if I apply myself, maybe I can get it for free?” George Costanza

average time to find a curb space 8mins & 30% cars cruising for parking

Clear economic rationale for intervention

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Climate change Emissions from urban

traffic cost £3bn Emissions based

parking tariffs

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Hijacking of public space