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JW
DEALING WITH CITIES(in Brazil)
A presentation by Jorge Wilheim
Partners of AmericaChicago, 2006.
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The context of Brazilian cities
• An infinite land
• Climate and physical constraints
• No village life
• The Portuguese colonial projectWhat went wrong with this project?
• The “unexpected” birth of the Brazilian peopleThe local melting pot
Dealing with cities
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People and Cities
•A movable society• Physical mobility (migrations)• Social mobility ( up and downgrading)
Dealing with cities
1500
7.00
0.00
0In
dian
s
1800
3.50
0.00
0
1825
5.00
0.00
0
2.00
0.00
0 sl
aves
1900
17.5
00.0
00
1950
52.0
00.0
00
2000
170.
000.
000
2006
187.
000.
000
560.
000
Indi
ans
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People and Cities
• Urbanization
• Ethics of success (a set of values)
• Our present far-west
• and now what?
Dealing with cities
1950
36% 64%u r u r
2000
19%81%
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“Life can only be understood looking backwards; but it must be lived looking forwards – to what does not exist ”
SOREN KIERKEGAARD (1813-1855)
“There are no good winds for navigators who don't know where to go”
SENECA (4aC-65dC)
Dealing with cities
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“Imagination is more important than knowledge... ”
ALBERT EINSTEIN (1879-1955)
“Public interest is not necessarily the same as the interest of all”
JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU (1712-1778)
Dealing with cities
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The purpose of urban planning
• To support (orient, induce) (comprehensive, sustainable, human) development
• Dealing with the future
• Public and private; where lies the public interest?
Dealing with cities
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The purpose of urban planning
•To foresee, to propose, to provide
• Planning: a tool of urban government (management)
• What is a tool?• Politics and policies• Political timing and democracy• Working structures
Dealing with cities
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Working Structures
• Hierarchic
• NetworkPROGRAM
Dealing with cities
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A question of methodology
• “reading” the urban site
• the people: identifying the main actors
• the local character (its spirit)
• public participation• what we learn from it• limitations
… the pedagogy of citizenship
• the master plan is a law; public institutions
Dealing with cities
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Highlights of recent cases
Dealing with cities
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São Paulo’s strategic master plan (2001 / 2003)10.927.985 pop 1.523 km²
Dealing with cities
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São Paulo’s strategic master plan (2001 / 2003)
Dealing with cities
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São Paulo’s strategic master plan (2001 / 2003)
who is who?
• ups and downs of buildings rights
• abatement of floor ratio
• selling additional floor ratio
• the drifting of spaces
• master plan and strategic actions (different horizons)
Dealing with cities
Main innovations:
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São Paulo’s strategic master plan (2001 / 2003)Urban Operations
Dealing with cities
Vila Leopoldina
JWDealing with cities
São Paulo’s strategic master plan (2001 / 2003)Urban Operations
Vila Sônia
JWDealing with cities
São Paulo’s strategic master plan (2001 / 2003)Urban Operations
Vila Maria
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São Paulo’s strategic master plan (2001 / 2003)Urban Operations
Dealing with cities
Diagonal Sul
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São Paulo’s strategic master plan (2001 / 2003)
• social inclusion: family doctor, one-ticketing, bus lanes, minimal income, minicredit, scholarship, new comprehensive schools
• democracy and participation
Dealing with cities
Other innovations:
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Nova Lima’s environmental and territorial issues (2005/2006) – 71.897 pop. 428 km²
Dealing with cities
JWDealing with cities
Nova Lima’s environmental and territorial issues (2005/2006)
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• dealing with mining companies
• dealing with landscape and environment
• buildings as isolated towers in a vast landscape
• developers paying directly for social housing
• all mountain tops preserved and used for turism
• saving the original urban core
Dealing with cities
Main innovations:
Nova Lima’s environmental and territorial issues (2005/2006)
JWDealing with cities
Nova Lima’s environmental and territorial issues (2005/2006)
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Volta Redonda, 2006255.695 pop. 182 km²
metallurgy museum
exposition’s center
hotel
gastronomy
new bridge
new center
JWDealing with cities
Jaú: the original core defines the characterof the future (2006) – 123.374 pop. 688 km²
Main innovations:
re-concentrate urban life
a new market:central core and its immediateperipheral border
the Jaú river as a central axis
urban character
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Final Comments
• deal with space (environment) X human beings
• deal with political X managerial issues
• deal with the future X hope
When planning cities, we
thank you...
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