pathology of the liver

Post on 27-Jan-2016

212 Views

Category:

Documents

3 Downloads

Preview:

Click to see full reader

DESCRIPTION

PATHOLOGY OF THE LIVER. VII. practical training 3 rd year General Medicine. Haemochromatosis. Congestion of the liver. Congestion of the liver. Congestion of the liver (hepar moschatum). 2. 1. 1. 2. 1. 1 Portobilial spaces - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

TRANSCRIPT

PATHOLOGY OF THE LIVER

VII. practical training 3rd year General Medicine

Haemochromatosis

Congestion of the liver

Congestion of the liver

Congestion of the liver (hepar moschatum)

1 Portobilial spaces 2 Ways of congestion (congestion with necrosis of hepatocytes)Pseudolobulus from residues of 3 lobuli, in centre is portobilium

1

1

1

2

2

Congestion of the liver (hepar moschatum), detail

1

3

2

3

1 Portobilium- dilatated branch of v. portae2 Pseudolobulus from residues of 3 lobuli, in centre is portobilium 3 Ways of congestion (congestion with necrosis of hepatocytes)4 Biliary duct5 Branch of a. hepatica

4

5

Viral hepatitis

HAV RNA hepatovirus

HBV DNA hepadnavirus

HDV RNA defect virus

non A non B (NANB)

HCV RNA flavi a pestivirus-like

HEV RNA kalicivirus

HFV RNA togavirus

HGV RNA flavivirus

herpesvirus, cytomegalovirus, paramyxovirus, ...

Acute viral hepatitis – morphology

Macro: játra zduřelá, červená, pouzdro napjaté

Micro: 1. klasická AH s fokální nekrózou 2. AH s bridging nekrózou 3. AH s panacinární nebo multiacinární nekrózou 4. AH s periportální nekrózou

Poškození hepatocytů – nekrózy monocelulární, fokálnídisarray – rozvolnění z trámců, polymorfieZánětlivá reakce – mononukleární – lobulární, méně portální zduření Kupfferových buněkRegenerace

Méně často: lymfoidní agregáty poškození žlučovodů cholestáza neutrofily

}VHC

}fulminantní, cholestatická VH

Necrosis

A) Type lytic koagulative (apoptosa) piecemeal

activation, healing ad integrum

course fibrosis + activation; cirrhosis

acute liver failure, death

C) Localisation centrolobular periportal midzonal

B) Intensity monocelular focal submasive masive bridging (C – C; C – P)

Acute stage of viral hepatitis

Viral hepatitis subacute fatal

Chronic viral hepatis

Liver – chronic viral hepatis

1

2

31 Portobiliar space with chronic inflammatory infiltrate2 „piece-meal necroses“ 3 Central part of lobulus with mixed steatosis

Liver – chronic viral hepatis

1

2

1 Chronic inflammatory infiltrate in portobiliar space 2 Biliary duct

Chronic viral hepatis, active

1

2

2

1 Necrosis of hepatocytes with accumulation of lymphocytes 2 Steatosis3 Swelling of hepatocytes

3

Massive necrosis (hepatodystrophy, yellow atrophy)

1

2

3

4

1 Biliary duct2 Artery3 Vena4 Parenchyma

Massive necrosis (hepatodystrophy, yellow atrophy)

1

2

3

1 Hepatocyt with eosinophilic cytoplasm and partly defunct nucleus2 Hepatocyt with degradated nucleus and eosinophilic cytoplasm3 Lipofuscin4 Completely defunct hepatocytes

4

Acute hepatodystrophy

Liver cirrhosis

etiology morphology

alkohol 60-70% mikronodulárnípo CAH 10% makronodulárníkryptogenní 10-15% smíšená

biliární primárnísekundární

pigmentové hemochromatóza primární sekundární

z vrozených poruch metabolismu (tyrosinemie,galaktosemie ...)

Cirrhosis hepatis

Cirrhosis hepatis

Cirrhosis hepatis

Biliary cirrhosis

Biliary cirrhosis

Biliary cirrhosis (Fouchet)

Alcohol liver steatosis

Alcohol liver cirrhosis

Tumoriformní léze Fokální nodulární hyperplazie Parciální nodulární hyperplazie Nodulární regeneratorní hyperplazie Cysty; hamartom; zánětlivý pseudotumor

Benigní tumory adenom hepatocelulární

cholangiogenní hemangiom

Maligní Hepatocelulární karcinom; fibrolamelární karcinom Cholangiogenní karcinom (periferní, hilový-Klatskin, extrahepatální) Hepatoblastom (embryonální, teratoidní ...) Angiosarkom; maligní hemangioendoteliom

sekundární nádory = metastázy

Cavernous haemangioma

1 Liver capsule2 Liver parenchyma3 Fibrous septum4 Big vascular spaces5 Biliary duct

1 2

3

4

5

3

3

Cavernous haemangioma

1 Big vascular spaces 2 Fibrous septum

1

1

1

1

2

2

1

Cavernous haemangioma

1 Vascular spaces2 Flat endothelial cells 3 Fibrous septum 4 Biliary ducts

1

1

3

4

4

2

Cavernous haemangioma

1 Vascular spaces2 Flat endothelial cells 3 Fibrous septum

1

1

32

2

Cavernous haemangioma Angiosarcoma

Mitosis

copy

Primary liver carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma

1

1

2

3

1 Hepatocellular carcinoma, „pseudoglandular pattern“2 Residues of nontumorous liver parenchyma3 Periportal space

Hepatocellular carcinoma

1

2

1 Hepatocellular carcinoma 2 Cells of nontumorous parenchyma

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Absence of liver architecture,anisonucleosis, hyperchromic nuclei, high N/C ratio

Cholangiocarcinoma of the liver

top related