peer–mediated distributed knowledge management m. bonifacio, p. bouquet, g. mameli , m. nori
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Peer–Mediated Distributed Knowledge Management
M. Bonifacio, P. Bouquet, G. Mameli, M. Nori
AMKM-2003 Stanford University March 24-26
Traditional KM architectures: knowledge as content
In the last 10 years, companies have invested huge amounts of money in order to manage knowledge adopting technological “carriers” (such as corporate knowledge portals or content management platforms).
Conceptually, KM architectures are usually composed by:
Collaborative environments: in order to facilitate the generation of “raw knowledge”Contribution workflows: in order to codify and standardize raw knowledgeKBs: in order to collect contents organized according to a corporate conceptual schemaEKP: in order to provide a single point of access for the members of different organizational units
Enterprise knowledge portal
KB
Collaborative tools
Contribution WfS
Assumption: Knowledge as content that can be
centralized, standardized and
controlled
Some problems
KM systems don’t match expectations:– deserted by users that continue to develop, install and use local applications (7000 LN
DBs at Andersen)– not flexible nor interoperable and thus unable to adapt to organizational change and
differentiation (Merging Banks, changing operating models)– very difficult to maintain (people and resources are needed to keep it updated and
populated, 500 people at Accenture)– still benefits are not demonstrated (number of contributions and hits…?)
KM Has Greatly Underperformed the Tech Sector
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Our idea: Knowledge as Context
Besides knowledge viewed as content, there are other forms of knowledge which are to be considered:
– Interpretative Context: people know how to interpret what happens and generate a language to talk about things and events. Context is a mean to interpret content
– Relational Context: people know who knows what and reduce complexity through trust and identity. Context as a mean to refer to other people. (People don’t believe in the paradigm of ideological sharing (all with all). They develop and use technologies if enable the sharing of knowledge within groups that evolve dynamically.)
Value emerges when content is positioned within its context: conceptual schemas,web of relations, business processes…
Knowledge as content
Context
Content
Local “Knowledges”Global Knowledge
Interpret content
Interpret other
contexts
Address to trusted experts
Complex organizations as made up of Knowledge Nodes
Knowledge Nodes are social entities that “own” a local knowledge in terms of a content that has meaning within a contextIndividualsCommunitiesTeams
A community internal web site
A lotus notes team room
Content
An individual’s file system directory or outlook folders
Context
Local KnowledgeMarketing
Communiy
R&D
Communiy
Sales Force
Communiy
Sales
Project Team 1
Knowledge Network
Communiy
The inconsintency of the technological architectures in current KM systems
From a technological point of view, current KM technologies are inconsistent with the very nature of knowledge and its social architecture failure
Portal
KB
Social architecture of knowledge Technological architecture of knowledge
Social and technological architecture of knowledge
AUTONOMY
COORDINATION
From organization to the technological architecture:Actors and Roles in an Information Retrieval applications
Organizational Actors– Individual K-Peer of a P2P network– Group K-Federation
Roles– Knowledge Seeker seeker module– Knowledge Provider provider/federation module– Broker (suggesting potential providers to seekers) brokering module
Sales Force
R&D
Marketing
Sales
Project Team 1
KnowledgeNetwork
Community
Community
Community
K-Federation
K-PeerNew Tool?
I know!
we know!
she knows!
Create and manage a knowledge representation
– Context Markup Language
– Context Editor
– Context extraction tools
Declare its existence in the network
– Advertisement
Discover other available / active peers on the network
– Discovery module
– Ping module
Ask, receive and provide information in and from them
– Knowledge Exchange module
Discover, create and join to federation of peers
– Advertisement
– Discovery module
– Membership module
Autonomy
From organization to the technological architecture:Knowledge Processes CONTEXT
Vacation
2001 2000
Sea LakeSeaMountains
Puglia Spain USA
Coordination
Sales Force
R&D
Marketing
Sales
Project Team 1
Peer Network
Community
Community
Communiy
Coordination
KEx (Knowledge Exchange): User interface for Seeker
Semantic search
MatchingService Provider Seeker
Document descriptors
UserGUI
Perform a semantic match
Query (Focus Source)
Document descriptorsFocus Target
Document descriptors
Search documents related to a
focus
Mail id
Document name Document path
Document name Document path
Document name Document path
Document name Document path
Mail subject Mail id
Mail subject
Mail subject
Mail id
Document descriptors
Search (Focus Source)
P. Bouquet, A. Donà, L. Serafini, ConTeXtualized Local Ontology Specification via CTXML Proceedings of the AAAI Workshop on Meaning Negotiation, Edmonton (Alberta, Canada), July 28, 2002
Context management tool
Semantic Matching
Keyword based search
IndexingService Provider Seeker
Search (Keywords)
Document descriptors
pst
txtppt
html
doc
xls
ps
Document repository
UserGUI
Search documents thatcontain keywords
Query (keywords)
Document descriptors
Keywords
Document descriptors
Search documents that
contain keywords
Mail id
Document name Document path
Document name Document path
Document name Document path
Document name Document path
Mail subject Mail id
Mail subject
Mail subject
Mail id
Document descriptors
KEx: Knowledge Space
Provide documentsShare these
documents
Context management tool
Outlook pst file
File system
Lotus Notes repository
Other content repositories
Document descriptor
Document descriptor
Document descriptor
Document descriptor
Green Table
Concept ID
Concept ID
Concept ID
Concept ID
Provider
Incoming query
IndexingService
IndexingService
IndexingService
IndexingService
Keyword matching
Semantic matching
Association to concept
Add to indexes
+ Keywords
Conclusions and future works
We have developed a P2P application (based on JXTA protocols) for DKM that provides functionalities such as:
– Seeker– Provider– Broker– Federations management
To be developed:– Community Management: peers can suggest to users to which federations they should
join since semantically similar to them (bottom up community formation)
– Push information services: peers can advertise services to other peers on the base of semantically relevant interests (targeted advertisement)
– Recommendation: peers can listen to other users or other peers requests and suggest where or what to look for (help new comers)
– Social Network Monitoring: Knowledge Managers can monitor the formation and evolution of trust networks and corporate languages
Thank you
Gianluca Mameli: mameli@irst.itc.it
Project: http://edamok.itc.it
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