performance all teh things

@manarthMarcus Deglos

Performance all teh things!

BREAKING NEWSDrupal is Slow!

JUST HOW SLOW ARE WE TALKING, EXACTLY?

BENCHMARKINGA single request and response

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML+RDFa 1.0//EN" "http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/DTD/xhtml-rdfa-1.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" version="XHTML+RDFa 1.0" dir="ltr" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" xmlns:og="http://ogp.me/ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:sioc="http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns#" xmlns:sioct="http://rdfs.org/sioc/types#" xmlns:skos="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#"><head profile="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml/vocab"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><link rel="shortcut icon" href="http://testbed.local/misc/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /><meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 7 (http://drupal.org)" /> <title>Welcome to Site-Install | Site-Install</title>

Compare:- Plain old HTML- Plain old HTML, with PHP overhead- Drupal

What HTML?<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML+RDFa 1.0//EN" "http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/DTD/xhtml-rdfa-1.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" version="XHTML+RDFa 1.0" dir="ltr" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" xmlns:og="http://ogp.me/ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:sioc="http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns#" xmlns:sioct="http://rdfs.org/sioc/types#" xmlns:skos="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#"><head profile="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml/vocab"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><link rel="shortcut icon" href="http://testbed.local/misc/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /><meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 7 (http://drupal.org)" /> <title>Welcome to Site-Install | Site-Install</title>

Drupal 7’s homepage.

ApacheBench

ab -n 1000 -c 10 $url

ApacheBench

ab -n 1000 -c 10 $url

1000 requests 10 concurrentrequests

How fast?

HTML 1776

PHP 1437

Drupal 32

Requests per second(mean, averaged over 3 runs of 1000 requests)

How fast?

HTML 1776

PHP 1437

Drupal 32

HOW DO WE MAKE IT FASTER?

How do we make it faster?

APCMemcach

Varnish

Drupal page cache

Drupal block cache

Apache tuning

Custom-compiled

MySQL tuning

Front-end optimisatio

How do we make it faster?

APCMemcach

Varnish

Drupal page cache

Drupal block cache

Apache tuning

Custom-compiled

MySQL tuning

Front-end optimisatio

(fairly)simple

rocketscience!

SIMPLE QUICK WINSAPC, memcache, and Drupal caches

APerfectCure?

JUST WHAT IS THIS APC THING ANYWAY?APC: an opcode cache.Welcome to the world of PHP internals

Simplified workflowinclude “foo.php”

Read contents of “foo.php”

Tokenize

Convert tokens to opcodes

execute

Tokenize

execute

Tokenize

execute

<?phpfunction display_data(array $data) {

$buf = '';foreach ($data as $k=>$v) {

$buf .= sprintf("%s: %s n", $k, $v);}return $buf;

Tokenize

execute

Tokenize

execute

1 OPEN_TAG <?php2 WHITESPACE3 FUNCTION function3 WHITESPACE3 STRING display_data3 OPEN BRACKET (3 ARRAY array3 WHITESPACE3 VARIABLE $data3 CLOSE_BRACKET )3 WHITESPACE4 OPEN_CURLY {4 WHITESPACE… …………………

Tokenize

execute

Tokenize

execute

Tokens are compiled into op-codes

Each op-code is represented by an integer.

For example:

Opcode Opcode numberCONCAT 8DECLARE_CONST 143UNSET_VAR 74

Tokenize

execute

Tokenize

execute

zend_compile_file

zend_execute

Tokenize

execute

APC replaces this

zend_execute

Tokenize

execute zend_execute

The compiled opcodes foreach file are cached inmemory.No need to parse again.

Tokenize

execute

APC Summary

You do not need to change your codeAPC cache is not shared between PHP-FPM workersApache + mod php is better than PHP-FPM/CGI.

Installing APC$ sudo apt-get install php-apcReading package lists... DoneBuilding dependency tree Reading state information... DoneThe following NEW packages will be installed: php-apc0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 8 not upgraded.Need to get 0 B/79.2 kB of archives.After this operation, 233 kB of additional disk space will be used.Selecting previously unselected package php-apc.(Reading database ... 68234 files and directories currently installed.)Unpacking php-apc (from .../php-apc_3.1.7-1_i386.deb) ...Processing triggers for libapache2-mod-php5 ... * Reloading web server config apache2 apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.1.1 for ServerName [ OK ]Setting up php-apc (3.1.7-1) ...$ sudo apache2ctl restart

Use `sudo` if you need moreprivileges than your useraccount has.

Package manager commandmay vary according to O/S.Redhat/CentOS usually uses`yum install` instead.

The name of the packagevaries according to distro,for example `php-pecl-apc`in some variations.

Restart Apache for thechange to take effect.

Verifying APC is running$ php -i |grep –i apcAdditional .ini files parsed => /etc/php5/cli/conf.d/apc.ini,apcAPC Support => disabledAPC Debugging => Disabledapc.cache_by_default => On => Onapc.canonicalize => On => Onapc.coredump_unmap => Off => Offapc.enable_cli => Off => Offapc.enabled => On => Onapc.file_md5 => Off => Offapc.file_update_protection => 2 => 2apc.filters => no value => no valueapc.gc_ttl => 3600 => 3600

Use `php –i` to show the PHPenvironment configuration

Use `grep` to filter for configrelated just to APC. The `-i`flag is to ignore case.

Hooray!

Verifying via the browser

Link to PHPconfiguration

Admin » Reports » Status

Verifying via the browser

Benchmarking time!

How fast?

No APC 3.75

APC 3.44

Wait, WHAT?!

How fast?

No APC 3.75

APC 3.44

I cheated.This is what happens whenyou don’t assign enoughmemory to APC.

How fast?

No APC 3.75

APC 3.44

APC 12.49

MemcacheWhat does it do?

cache_get

if ($cache = cache_get('image_styles', 'cache')) { $styles = $cache->data;}else { // Do a load of work // And look up all sorts of things in the SLOW db.}

cache_get

if ($cache = cache_get('image_styles', 'cache')) { $styles = $cache->data;}else { // Do a load of work // And look up all sorts of things in the SLOW db.}

cache_get is pluggable.It’s a key-value store.By default it uses the DB.

cache_get in the DB.

cache_get('image_styles', 'cache’);

SELECT * from cache WHERE cid='image_styles’;

A quick summaryMemcache moves load from the DB to

memcache.Memcache stores data in memory (unlike DB

which stores it on disk). Memory is faster.Memcache is non-persistent. Don’t store data

you’re not prepared to lose.

Installing Memcache$ sudo apt-get install memcached php5-memcacheReading package lists... DoneBuilding dependency tree Reading state information... DoneThe following package was automatically installed and is no longer required: libmemcached6Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them.Suggested packages: libcache-memcached-perl libmemcachedThe following NEW packages will be installed: memcached php5-memcache0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 8 not upgraded.Need to get 0 B/121 kB of archives.After this operation, 375 kB of additional disk space will be used.Selecting previously unselected package memcached.(Reading database ... 68214 files and directories currently installed.)……Setting up memcached (1.4.13-0ubuntu2) ...Starting memcached: memcached.Setting up php5-memcache (3.0.6-1) ...$ sudo /etc/init.d/memcached startStarting memcached: memcached.

memcached is the memcache server. It’s a standalone program, completely separate from PHP.

php5-memcache is the PHP extension that provides functions for PHP to exchange data with a memcache server.

There’s another PHP extension called php5-memcached, which does the same thing.PHP also has duplicate modules!

Start the memcache server

Drupal config for MemcacheDownload the memcache module.Add the configuration to settings.php.

settings.php changes/** * Memcache configuration. */define('MEMCACHE_PATH', 'sites/all/modules/contrib/memcache/memcache.inc'); // Include the base cache class that memcache extends.include_once('./includes/cache.inc');// Include the memcache files.include_once(MEMCACHE_PATH); // Optionally configure a prefix; most sites won't need this.# $conf['memcache_key_prefix'] = 'foo';

// Declare memcache as a potential backend.$conf['cache_backends'][] = MEMCACHE_PATH; // Set the default cache to use memcache.$conf['cache_default_class'] = 'MemCacheDrupal';

// Form-cache must use non-volatile storage.$conf['cache_class_cache_form'] = 'DrupalDatabaseCache';

How fast?

APC 12.49

Memcache 29.06

How fast?

Page cache 55

+ APC 190

+ APC +memcache 193

APC 12.49

Varnish…live demo!(uh oh…)

A QUICK SUMMARY

Speeding up the snail• APC and memcache are quick wins.• Turn on page-caching and block-caching• Use Varnish for static assets• Use Varnish + ESI to cache authenticated users

Thanks for coming!

Blog: http://deglos.com Email: marcus@techito.co.uk Slides: http://slideshare.net/manarth Twitter: @manarth

Questions?

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http://techito.co.uk/

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