performance of e line surge arresters of e 110 kv overhead
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Performance of the Line Surge Arresters
of the 110 kV Overhead Lines on the
Island Brač
Prof. Ivo Uglesic
Bozidar Filipovic-Grcic, PhD
Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing
University of Zagreb, Croatia
9th Annual Grounding & Lightning Conference, October 3 - 4, 2017 • San Antonio,Texas 1
2
Presentation outline
Lightning Locating System (LLS) & Lightning Data
LLS in Power System Control
Outages of Overhead Lines (OHL) due to the Lightning
Time and Spatial Correlation between LLS data and relay
protection system data
110 kV transmission network of the island Brač
LSAs installation
Conclusion
9th Annual Grounding & Lightning Conference, October 3 - 4, 2017 • San Antonio,Texas
3
Lightning location system LINET – sensor positions
9th Annual Grounding & Lightning Conference, October 3 - 4, 2017 • San Antonio,Texas
Lightning detection
9th Annual Grounding & Lightning Conference, October 3 - 4, 2017 • San Antonio,Texas
VLF/LF frequency range for
detection of lightning strokes
TOA (Time-Of-Arrival) method
for locating lightning
Lightning sensor measures magnetic
flux in time in frequency range
(1 kHz – 200 kHz)
LINET 3D algorithm for
determination of lightning altitude
Lightning stroke(offshore Dubrovnik)
Data flow:
Sensors -> LINET center -> Users
4
9th Annual Grounding & Lightning Conference, October 3 - 4, 2017 • San Antonio,Texas 5
Isokeraunic map of Croatia
BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
HUNGARYITALY
Isokeraunic map
annual thunder days expected
with 50 % probability
9th Annual Grounding & Lightning Conference, October 3 - 4, 2017 • San Antonio,Texas 6
Thunderstorm movement monitoring
12.9.2017.00h – 24h
* 1h frames
347 533lightning strokesdetected
LLS measured lightning data
9th Annual Grounding & Lightning Conference, October 3 - 4, 2017 • San Antonio,Texas
9 years of lightning data On-line sensor sensitivity and network quality monitoring
6.532.464 6.254.829
4.758.966 4.680.014
5.791.438
8.964.239
5.625.625
13.976.505
4.796.048 4.682.585
3.822.951 3.656.5554.430.847
7.400.058
4.655.689
10.722.880
1.736.416 1.572.244936.015 1.023.459
1.360.591 1.564.181969.936
3.253.625
0
2.000.000
4.000.000
6.000.000
8.000.000
10.000.000
12.000.000
14.000.000
16.000.000
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Year
No. of Lightning Strokes by Year
Ukupno Oblak-Zemlja Oblak-oblakTotal CG IC
7
LLS measured lightning data
9th Annual Grounding & Lightning Conference, October 3 - 4, 2017 • San Antonio,Texas
Cumulative amplitude distribution Negative polarity
Cloud to ground strikes
2009 – 2016
Optimization of
Lightning detection algorithm
at end 2015
Better detection of
small current lightning
in 2016
8
Measured Lightning Data
9th Annual Grounding & Lightning Conference, October 3 - 4, 2017 • San Antonio,Texas
Cumulative frequency of lightning occurrence IEEE distribution
LLS measurements
I – peak current
IEEE:
M = 31
β = 2,6
LLS:
M = 8.8
9
BF3
Slide 9
BF3 slide kao prethodni, samo ima animacijebfranc; 24.8.2017.
Lightning Correlator
9th Annual Grounding & Lightning Conference, October 3 - 4, 2017 • San Antonio,Texas 10
Lightning activity close to 220 kV line Konjsko - Orlovac
9th Annual Grounding & Lightning Conference, October 3 - 4, 2017 • San Antonio,Texas 11
X CG
X CC
4.5.2009. 15:20h – 17:20h* 10 min interval
LLS spatial correlation
9th Annual Grounding & Lightning Conference, October 3 - 4, 2017 • San Antonio,Texas
GIS data on transmission network Spatial correlation with lightning data
12
LLS time correlation
9th Annual Grounding & Lightning Conference, October 3 - 4, 2017 • San Antonio,Texas
SCADA data Protection relay pickup, CB tripping, auto-reclosure, definite fault,
etc.
T2
T3 time
CB
tripping
Trip
command
Relay
pickup
Lightning
stroke
≈ 100 - 500 ms≈ 100µs ≈ 18 ms
T1
T0
Event
No.Event Action Time
1. Lightning strike T0
Disturbance propagation along line
from strike location to protection
relay in line bay
≈ 100 µs
2. Protection relay pickup T1
= T0
+ ≈ 100 µs
Execution of relay functions
(overcurrent, short-circuit, etc.
protection)
≈ 18 ms
3. Trip command T2
= T1
+ ≈ 18 ms
CB receives trip command, executes
tripping≈ 100 ms
4. CB trip, opened state T3
= T2
+ 100 ms
13
Example correlated data
9th Annual Grounding & Lightning Conference, October 3 - 4, 2017 • San Antonio,Texas
1 line fault
Multiple lightning flash (5 strokes) 2nd stroke – largest stroke amplitude
LineVoltage
[kV]CB trip time
Lightning stroke
timeTime diff [s]
Stroke amplitude
[kA]
OHL 110 kV 164-RI 11025.08.2013.
20:53:11.276
25.08.2013.
20:53:10.6550.621 -23,1
OHL 110 kV 164-RI 11025.08.2013.
20:53:11.276
25.08.2013.
20:53:10.6860.590 -31,9
OHL 110 kV 164-RI 11025.08.2013.
20:53:11.276
25.08.2013.
20:53:10.7030.573 -7,0
OHL 110 kV 164-RI 11025.08.2013.
20:53:11.276
25.08.2013.
20:53:10.7560.520 -23,6
OHL 110 kV 164-RI 11025.08.2013.
20:53:11.276
25.08.2013.
20:53:10.7770.499 -7,1
14
Lightning statistics for Croatian TSO
9th Annual Grounding & Lightning Conference, October 3 - 4, 2017 • San Antonio,Texas
400 kV 220 kV 110 kV Total
2016
No. of transmission
lines15 27 297 339
Transmission lines
length [km]1 676.225 1 468.082 5 313.616 8 457.923
Alarm zone surfaces
[km2]3 391.696 3 014.185 11 424.409 17 830.290
No. of strokes 91 908 84 993 290 267 467 168
No. strokes / 100 km of
transmission line5 483 5 789 5 463 5 523
Stroke density
[stroke / km2year]27.10 28.20 25.41 26.20
Transmission network 339 lines 110/220/400 kV AC
8 457 km
15
Lightning statistics for Croatian TSO
9th Annual Grounding & Lightning Conference, October 3 - 4, 2017 • San Antonio,Texas
400 kV 220 kV 110 kV Total
2016
No. of line bays 33 53 483 569
Total No. of CB
operations390 1 407 10 121 11 918
No. of operations /
No. of line bays20.9 26.5 11.8 20.946
No. of correlated CB
operations3 21 238 262
No. of correlations /
100 km line length0.179 1.430 4.479 3.098
No. of operations
CB due to close
strokes
1 2 54 57
SCADA registered CB operations
CB operations due to lightning
CB operations due to close strokes (near short circuit)
16
Isokeraunic level of Croatia
9th Annual Grounding & Lightning Conference, October 3 - 4, 2017 • San Antonio,Texas
Transmission
region
Number of
correlated CB
operations
Split 146
Rijeka 98
Osijek 12
Zagreb 6
Rijeka
Zagreb
Osijek
Split
17
Lightning statistics for Croatian TSO
9th Annual Grounding & Lightning Conference, October 3 - 4, 2017 • San Antonio,Texas
CB operations due to lightning per voltage level
CB operations due to lightning per transmission region
18
Voltage levelNumber of correlated CB
operations
400 kV 3
220 kV 21
110 kV 238
Total 262
Transmission regionNumber of correlated CB
operations
Split 146
Rijeka 98
Osijek 12
Zagreb 6
Total 262
LSAs operation on OHL 110 kV Ston - Komolac
9th Annual Grounding & Lightning Conference, October 3 - 4, 2017 • San Antonio,Texas 19
Line lenght: 44 km
110 LSAs – zinc oxide surge aresster installed in July
2007
Configuration obtained by computer simulations Overhead line parameters, grounding tower resistance
Results not applied completely
Modified twice during the first six years of operation
6 LSAs dismantled due to mechanical damages
50 towers with 1 LSA, 24 towers with 2 LSAs and 2 towers with 3 LSAs
I3CM Software
9th Annual Grounding & Lightning Conference, October 3 - 4, 2017 • San Antonio,Texas 20
Display of event registered by I3CM transient recorder and corresponding LLS data
Same event registered by several transient recorders
Corresponding LLS data
*type of fault: lightning
*location: near Tower 60
Transient voltages and
currents measurement shapes
Event automatic analysis
I3CM Software
9th Annual Grounding & Lightning Conference, October 3 - 4, 2017 • San Antonio,Texas 21
I3CM Transient Recorder
I3CM wall-mounted
Characteristics:
• Installed in the substation secondary equipment cabinet
• Monitoring of 3 voltages and 3 currents for transmission line
• GPS accurate timestamp
• Automatic analysis of the transient event
No need for the line disconnection for the installation!
Indoor GPS
antenna connector
Power Supply
connector
6 BNC connectors
(3 for voltages, 3
for currents)
Network
connection
22
110 kV transmission network of the island of Brač
OHL 1
OHL 2
9th Annual Grounding & Lightning Conference, October 3 - 4, 2017 • San Antonio,Texas
23
LSAs installation
9th Annual Grounding & Lightning Conference, October 3 - 4, 2017 • San Antonio,Texas
OHL 1 – 110 kV OHL Nerežišća – Stari Grad
- Line section lenght: 8.228 km
- 25 LSAs installed
- 3 towers with 1 LSA, 8 towers with 2 LSAs, 2 towers with 3 LSAs
OHL 2 – 110 kV OHL Dugi Rat – Nerežišća 2
- Line section lenght: 5.929 km
- 20 LSAs installed
- 15 towers with 1 LSA, 1 tower with 2 LSAs, 1 tower with 3 LSAs
LSAs – zinc oxide surge aresster:
Uc = 78 kV, Ur = 108 kVeff , IEC Class: II, Nominal discharge current:
10 kA, Discharge current withstand strength (4/10 μs): 100 kApeak
Tower data
9th Annual Grounding & Lightning Conference, October 3 - 4, 2017 • San Antonio,Texas
Line One-circuit
Tower Steel-frame
Conductors 240/40 - Al/Steel
Shielding wire ACS – OPGW
Rd1 [Ω/km] 0.118
Xd1 [Ω/km] 0.414
R01 [Ω/km] 0.349
X01 [Ω/km] 1.108
24
Tower data
9th Annual Grounding & Lightning Conference, October 3 - 4, 2017 • San Antonio,Texas 25
26
Number of the lightning strokes within the
alarm zones (2016)
9th Annual Grounding & Lightning Conference, October 3 - 4, 2017 • San Antonio,Texas
29
2 3 2
2840 34
76
25
45
100
101 2 6
8697
13
400
3
123
0 00
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
1.2016. 2.2016. 3.2016. 4.2016. 5.2016. 6.2016. 7.2016. 8.2016. 9.2016. 10.2016. 11.2016. 12.2016.
Lig
htn
ing s
tro
kes
Months
OHL 1 OHL 2OHL 2 OHL 1
27
Total failures of the OHLs and failures caused
by the lightning (2009-2016)
9th Annual Grounding & Lightning Conference, October 3 - 4, 2017 • San Antonio,Texas
OHL 2 total number of failures OHL 1 total number of failures
OHL 2 failures caused by lightning OHL 1 failures caused by lightning
28
Stroke density map [stroke/km2/year] (2009-2016)
9th Annual Grounding & Lightning Conference, October 3 - 4, 2017 • San Antonio,Texas
Tower
LSA
no LSA
BF1
Slide 28
BF1 nova mapa
- stupna mjesta
- Density CG, 1 decimala
- simboli za stupove s i bez LSA
- legendabfranc; 24.8.2017.
29
Stroke density
9th Annual Grounding & Lightning Conference, October 3 - 4, 2017 • San Antonio,Texas
Low resolution ground stroke density map [stroke/km2/year]
(2009-2016)
- 4.0 – 4.6 flashes/km2/year
- Average stroke multiplicity of 1.592 strokes per flash
- 6.36 – 7.31 strokes/km2/year
High resolution ground stroke density map [stroke/km2/year]
(2009-2016)
- Level of towers exposure to the lightning
- 3.6 flashes/km2/year
- 8.1 strokes/km2/year
30
Time and spatial correlation – Case 1(1)
9th Annual Grounding & Lightning Conference, October 3 - 4, 2017 • San Antonio,Texas
110 kV overhead line 2
Relay protection system data:
Tripping time 23.07.2015. 10:43:05.682
Fault type Definite disclosure
LLS data:
Lightning stroke time 23.07.2015. 10:43:05.553
Lightning current (kA) -34.0 Distance (km) 7.286
Distance 7.286 km - tower number 26
No LSA installed
8.945 flashes/km2/year ground flash
density
Critical current 13.5 kA
Lightning strike to the shielding wire
110 kV OHL 1
OHL 1
31
Time and spatial correlation – Case 1(2)
9th Annual Grounding & Lightning Conference, October 3 - 4, 2017 • San Antonio,Texas
The number of outages due to the lightning has decreased
significantly for the OHL 1 (only one fault in 2015)
No outages occurred on the towers with the LSA installed
Line section without LSAs exposed to the lightning
influence due to its specific location and difficult access to
the towers
Possible installation of additional LSAs to the OHL 1 in next
phase of the project
32
Time and spatial correlation – Case 2(1)
9th Annual Grounding & Lightning Conference, October 3 - 4, 2017 • San Antonio,Texas
Distance 2.194 km - tower number 15
No LSA installed
3.049 flashes/km2/year ground flash
density
Critical current 11.6 kA
OHL 2
110 kV overhead line 1
Relay protection system data:
Tripping time 4.09.2015. 19:59
Fault type Definite disclosure
LLS data:
Lightning stroke time 4.09.2015. 19:59:56.908
Lightning current (kA) -9.7 Distance (km) 2.194
110 kV OHL 2
33
Time and spatial correlation – Case 2(2)
9th Annual Grounding & Lightning Conference, October 3 - 4, 2017 • San Antonio,Texas
For the increased lightning activities the number of outages
of the OHL 2 remained the same
Two of the outages occurred on the towers with the LSA
installed to the bottom phase
Line section without LSAs exposed to the lightning
influence due to its specific location
Possible reconfiguration of LSAs installed on the OHL 2 in
the next phase of the project
Future projects for LSAs implementation
Overhead line sections of transmission lines:
1 - 110 kV Ston-Ponikve equipped with LSAs in
2015
2 - 110 kV Ponikve –Blato on the peninsula
Pelješac and island Korčula
3 - 110 kV Blato – Stari Grad on the island
Korčula and island Hvar
4 - 110 kV Nerežišća – Stari Grad on the island
Hvar
1
2
3
4
35
Conclusion
9th Annual Grounding & Lightning Conference, October 3 - 4, 2017 • San Antonio,Texas
LSA performance during two and a half years after the
installation
Time and spatial correlation of the relay protection system
data and LLS data
Number of outages of OHLs in relation to the lightning
activities decreased
Possible improvements and further analyses needed
Future application to OHLs in the Southern part of Croatian
transmission network
This work has been supported in part by the Croatian Science
Foundation under the project “Development of advanced high
voltage systems by application of new information and
communication technologies” (DAHVAT).
Prof. Ivo Uglešić
Božidar Filipović-Grčić, PhD
Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing
University of Zagreb, Croatia
9th Annual Grounding & Lightning Conference, October 3 - 4, 2017 • San Antonio,Texas 36
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
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