peripheral nerve disorders

PERIPHERAL NERVE DISORDER

Sanil Varghese

PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHIES

• Is defined as alteration in function and structure of the motor, sensory or autonomic components of a peripheral nerve.

CATEGORIES AND ETIOLOGIES OF PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHIES

• Metabolic or nutritional. • Drug induced.• Industrial or environmental toxins.• Connective tissue processes or vasculitis.• Infections or infectious processes.• Inflammatory processes.• Neoplasms.• Trauma or compressions.• Entrapment syndromes.• Heriditory disorders.

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

• Wallerian degeneration.• Axonal degeneration.• Primary neuronal degeneration.• Segmental demyelination.

DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS OF PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHIES

• Mononeuropathy simplex or mononeuropathy.

• Mononeuropathy multiplex. • Polyneuropathy.

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS• Pain, paresthesia, sensory loss, weakness, unstable

balance.• Autonomic or trophic changes like cold, blue

extremities, cutaneous hair loss, brittle finger or toenails.

• Decrease or a loss of light touch and pinprick sensation.

• Tingling, numbness, paraesthesia and disesthesia. • Neuropathic pain.• Deep tendon reflexes absent or decreased in

affected muscels.

MONONEUROPATHY

Types• Carpal tunnel syndrome• Ulnar nerve palsy.• Radial nerve palsy.• Peroneal nerve palsy.

TINEL’S SIGN

PHALEN’S SIGN

Ulnar nerve palsy

MULTIPLE MONONEUROPATHY

POLYNEUROPATHY

DIABETIC NEUROPATHY

Thank you