person-centered planning & positive behavior support day 2 ...€¦ · person-centered planning...

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Person-CenteredPlanning&PositiveBehaviorSupport

Day2Webinar&Onsite

ResearchandTrainingCenteronCommunityLivingInstituteonCommunityIntegration

MinnesotaDepartmentofHumanServices

PurposeofToday• IntroductiontoPerson-CenteredPlanning• BasicFeaturesofPerson-CenteredPlanning

– PreparingforaPCP– FirstMeeting– Follow-UpMeetingsandEvaluation

• HowPerson-CenteredPlanning&PBSAreRelated

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All People

Some People

ImplementingMoreThanOnePositiveSupportPracticeWithinAnOrganization

Person-CenteredPractices&Planning

PositiveBehaviorSupport

UniversalStage• TeachAndEncourage

Communication• EncourageAndReinforceSocialSkills• Consensus-BasedAndTeamFocus• EmphasisOnUsingDataFor

Decisions• IntegratedWithOtherPositive

SupportPractices(PBS,Trauma-InformedCare,Etc.)

UniversalStage• Person-CenteredThinking• EncourageSelfExpression• Self-DeterminationAndChoice

Making• PredictableAndProactiveSettings• MeaningfulParticipationInThe

Community

SecondaryStage• UseDataToIdentifyIndividualsAtRisk• AdditionalSupportsForKeySocialSkills• GroupAndIndividualInterventions• Function-BasedDecisions• SimpleInterventionsIntegratedWith

OtherPositiveSupports• MentalHealthAndWellnessInterventions

TertiaryStage• IndividualizedPBSPlans• IntegratedWithOtherPositiveSupports(PCP,

Trauma-InformedCare,DBT,Etc.)• PlansAreEvaluatedToEnsurePlansAre

ImplementedWithFidelity• OutcomeMeasures• TeamsMonitorProgressOfEachPerson

SecondaryStage• MoreIntensiveSupportsToImproveQOL• SimpleInterventionsIntegratedWith

OtherPositiveSupports• IndependenceAndCommunity

InvolvementEncouraged• MentalHealthAndWellnessInterventions

TertiaryStage• IntegratedPlans(PCP,PBS,Trauma-informedTherapy)• Person-CenteredPlans• IndividualizedWithPositiveSupports• TeamsMonitorProgress

All People

Some People

CreatingAPerson-CenteredFoundationForImprovingQualityOfLife

Person-CenteredPractices&Planning

TertiaryStage• InDepthPerson-CenteredPlans• IntegratedPlans(PCP,PBS,Trauma-informedTherapy)• TeamsMonitorPlanProgress

PrimaryStage• UniversalPerson-CenteredStrategies• EncourageSelfExpression• Self-DeterminationandChoiceMaking• MeaningfulParticipationintheCommunity

SecondaryStage• MonitorPCTActionPlans• AdditionalQualityofLifeStrategies• IncreaseStrategiesforSupportingIndependenceandCommunityInvolvement

• MentalHealthandWellnessInterventions

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PersonCenteredThinkingleadsto

PersonCenteredPracticesleadsto

PersonCenteredOrganizationscreates

PersonCenteredSystemssupports

PersonDirectedLives!

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TheBasicApproach

ACoreConcept

ImportantToImportantFor

andTheBalanceBetweenThem

TLC-PCP 2012 www.learningcommunity.us Wrkbk pg 5

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ImportantTOWhatisimportanttoapersonincludesthosethingsinlifewhichhelpustobesatisfied,content,comforted, fulfilled,andhappy.Itincludes:

• Peopletobewith/relationships

• Statusandcontrol

• ThingstodoandPlacestogo

• Ritualsorroutines

• Rhythmorpaceoflife

• Thingstohave

Wrkbk pg 5

ImportantFORIssuesofhealth

• Preventionofillness• Treatmentofillness/medicalconditions• Promotionofwellness(e.g.:diet,exercise)

Issuesofsafety• Environment• Wellbeing---- physicalandemotional• FreefromFear

And…whatothersseeasnecessarytohelpthepersonbevaluedandbeacontributingmemberoftheircommunity

Wrkbk pg 5

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Important To&ImportantForAreConnected

• Theyinfluenceeachother• Noonedoesanythingthatis“importantfor”them(willingly)unlessapieceofitis“important”tothem

Balanceisdynamic(changing)andalwaysinvolvestradeoffs:– Amongthethingsthatare“importantto”;– Betweenimportanttoandfor

Don’tBoxinDreams

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Person-CenteredPlanning:• Process-orientedapproachtoempoweringpeoplewithdisabilitylabels.

• Focusingonthepeopleandwhattheyneedtoliveapreferredlifewithadesirablefuture,ultimatelyleadingtolivesofgreaterinclusionasvaluedmembersofbothcommunityandsociety.

• Canuseonacontinuumofintensity(planningforsimpleimprovementsinqualityoflifetointensiveplanning)

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PersonCenteredPlanning:AToolforCreatingContext

• Aplanisnotanoutcome,notfixing,nottreatmentplanning

• Itisanon-going,continuous,fluid,&responsiveprocess

• Itisabalancebetweenwhatisimportanttowithwhatisimportantfor

• Itisafocusonsupportingapreferredlifestyle:notoptionsorchoices

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Person-CenteredPlanning

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• Importanttoand• Importantfor

TLC-PCP2012www.learningcommunity.us 13

CoreConceptinPersonCenteredThinking&Planning

TLC-PCP2012www.learningcommunity.us

Have our own dreams and our own journeys

Have opportunities to meet newpeople; try new things; change jobs;

change who we live with & where we live

Have what/who is important to us in everyday life; people to be with; things to do, places to be

Stay healthy & safe (on our own terms)

Each of us want lives where we are supported by & contribute to our communities

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Person-centered Planning (PCP) and Wraparound

Originated in Disability FieldFocus on Empowering Adults

Improving Quality of Life

Defining Characteristics of PCP

• Meetings Driven by the Person• Important Goal: Empower Person to Lead

and Make Important Decisions• Team Members Are Chosen by the Person • Meetings Are Tailored to the Preferences

of the Person

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Defining Characteristics of PCP (Continued…)

• BuildOpportunitiestoExperienceRespectandCommunityInvolvement

• ExamplesofTeamMembers:– Teammembers– Friends– Communitymembers– Professionalsinschoolandworksettings– Familyandpeers– Etc.

• Self-determinationandtheExpressionofChoice

Defining Characteristics of PCP (Continued…)

• Natural Supports Are Tailored (Avoiding an Over-reliance on Existing Services)

• Goals and Actions Build on the Person’s Strengths (Not Their Deficits)

• Long-Term Goals & Short-term Actions Focus on Immediate Optimal Quality of Life Changes

• Develop & Maintain Significant Relationships

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StrengthsofPerson-CenteredPlanning

• VisualPlanningStrategiesReducesDependenceonVerbalandWrittenInformation

• DifferentStrategiesAvailable• HelpsFocustheTeamonthePersonastheLeadDuringMeetings

• ProvidesWaysforPersontoDirectlyLeadandParticipate

OtherTypesofPerson-CenteredPlanning

• EssentialLifestylePlanning• PictureofaLife(PoL)• PATH• MAPS• AssertiveCommunityTreatment• WRAP• WraparoundPlanning

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• EssentialLifestylePlanning(ELP):principleoutcomeisgivingsomepowertotheperson’svoiceinthepresent,shiftingfrompowerovertopowerwith,andbringingsomeordertochaos.

• PictureofaLife:appliesperson-centeredthinkingandplanningtoolsthatarefocusedonhelpingpeopleenvisionthelifetheywantintheircommunitytheirdesiredfuture.

FRIENDS-LOTS

Graduating

from Venture Vocational School

Simone’s Card Company

Stay Up Late at Night to Watch TV

McGillActionPlanningSystem(MAPS):principleoutcomeisaseriesofactionstogetfromheretothere.

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PlanningAlternativeTomorrowswithHope(PATH):principleoutcomeisaseriesofstepstogetfromheretothere.

returned to school; IEP and related services 6 years old

placed in BD segregated classroom 10 years old

Chris born 1/7/60

Background Map

visit from grandma 3 mos. old

diagnosed with severe cognitive

disabilities 1 year old

received infant toddler services

in home 1-3 years of age

diagnosed with

attachment disorder 4 years

old

entered preschool4 years

old

terminated from preschool for self injurious behaviors

Received psychological and family support help from private therapy services

placed on Ritalin and Clonzapem-anxious and destructive

placed in alternative

education program16 years old

PCP and behavior support plan 17 years old

placed in juvenile

detention center for grand theft

auto 18 years old

PersonalFuturesPlanning(PFP):principleoutcomeisaclear,desirablefuture.

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Quality of Life Domains (QOL)1. Emotional Wellbeing -(Feeling Empowered and Experiencing Positive

Emotions)

2. Interpersonal Relations - (Opportunities for Friendship and Intimacy, Quality of Interactions With Others)

3. Material Well-being -(Ownership of Possessions, Meaningful Employment)

4. Personal Development –(Opportunities for Education and Habilitation)

5. Self-determination -(Setting Personal Goals, Making Decisions About Important Life Choices)

6. Physical Well-being -(Optimal Health Care and Nutrition, Mobility & General Wellness)

7. Social Inclusion -(Natural Support Networks Inclusive and Integrated Environments)

8. Rights -(Experience of Ownership of Key Items and Property, Allowed Due Process, Privacy and Barrier Free Environments are Available).

Wraparound Planning

Field of Emotional and Behavioral DisordersImprove Service Coordination

Build on Student and Family StrengthsImproving Life Domains

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DefiningCharacteristicsofWraparoundPlanning

• Individuals and Their Families Are Empowered to Lead Meetings

• Supports Identified in Meetings Are Provided in Community Settings

• Supports Are Individualized, Strength Based, and Meet the Needs of the Individual and Families

• Planning Processes Are Culturally Competent

Defining Characteristics of Wraparound Planning(Continued…)

• PlansareDesignedWithinaTeam-basedContextandAreCoordinatedAcrossAgencies

• FlexibleNoncategorical FundingisAvailable• BothInformalandFormalSupportsAreIncludedinPlans

• ServicesProvidedtotheIndividualandFamilyAreUnconditionalinNature

• InteragencyCollaborationOccursDuringMeetingsandinImplementationofthePlan

• OutcomesAreMeasuredandEvaluatedforEachServiceandIntervention

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Wraparound/PCP Life Domains

• Medical/Health• Recreational • Cultural• Education/Vocational• Legal• Relationships• Other

• Spiritual• Social/Fun• Safety• Emotional/behavioral• Basic Needs

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Wraparound: Steps Involved• Step 1: Initial Conversation• Step 2: Start meeting with Strengths• Step 3: Develop a mission statement• Step 4: Identify Needs across Domains• Step 5: Prioritize Needs• Step 6: Develop Actions• Step 7: Assign Task/Solicit Commitments• Step 8: Document Plan: Evaluate, refine,• monitor & transition

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StrengthsofWraparoundPlanning• PersonandFamilyDriven• FocusonImprovingQualityofLife• EncouragesTailoredSupports• FocusonSystemsChange

– SystemsofCareMeetings– WraparoundPlanning

• ImprovesServiceCoordinationAcrossPeople– ChildrenandFamilyServices– MentalHealth– Education– DisabilityServices

BasicFeaturesofPerson-CenteredPlans

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ChallengesandOpportunitiesofPerson-CenteredPlanning

• ChoicesofPeopleInvited• BarriersThatOccurDuetoDisagreements• ImportanceofRelationshipBuilding• EstablishingStrategiestoEvaluateandMonitorProgress

• LearnedHelplessness– FundingandResources– People’sViewpoints&Opinions

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FocusonBuildinganIdealLifeGoingBeyondBlack&WhiteThinking

Whatdoesaretheperson’sdreamsforabetterlife?

Breakdownthedreamtofindtheimportantmeanings• “Iwanttobeanastronaut”• “Iwanttobeamoviestar”

Brainstormswaystounderstandthecoredream• Considerthemeaningsunderlyingthedream- whatcontext

meetsthedreamthebest• Teamactionplantobuildthisdreamandmakeitreal

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AdjustingPerson-CenteredPlanningtoEachPerson

• LengthofMeetings&Locations– FullDayMeetingsVs.SmallerConsecutiveEvents

• YoungManWhoHasaHistoryofNegativeExperiencesinGroupMeetings– FirstResponse– “NoWay”– AdjustMeetingProcesstoAvoidLargeGroups– SeriesofSmallerMeetingsDrivenBytheYoungMan&aPersonHeTrusts

KeyElementsofPerson-CenteredPlanning

PrepareforPre-meeting

PrepareforFirstTeam

Meeting

FirstMeetingProcess

DevelopanAction

Plan

Follow-upMeetings

PreparingaWritten

Plan

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PreparingforAndModifyingPlans

• ExperiencePerson-CenteredPlannersIntegrateElementsAcrossMethods

• PreparingfortheProcessisanEssentialPartofPerson-CenteredPlanning

• Person-CenteredPlanningisaProcess,NotaOne-TimeEvent

PersonCenteredandPositiveBehaviorSupportIntegratedExample

Jack’sStory

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WhyIntegratePerson-centeredStrategiesWithPBS?

Person-CenteredPlanning….isanimportantfirststepfordevelopingpositivebehaviorsupport(PBS)plan

– DecreasestheneedforaPBSplan– Createsaunifiedvisionamongstteammembersbeforediscussingproblembehaviors

– Informationcanbeusedaspartofthefunctionalbehavioralassessmentprocess

EstablishingtheVision

Person-CenteredPlanningArticulatesWhatisImportantToandFora

Person….

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ContributiontoAssessment:GatheringRichDetail

• BroaderContextualInformation• DetailsAboutFamilyStrengthsandNeeds• CommunicationandSocialSkillsAssessment

– Observedduringmeetings– Discussedwiththefocuspersonandteam– Successfulroutinesandsettingsarediscussed– Problematicroutinesmaybediscussed– Ideasforwhendirectobservationshouldoccur

IntegratedAssessmentofQualityofLife

• ConsiderEachQualityofLifeDomain• AssessWhatDomainsAreAddressedFromPerson-CenteredPlanningGoals

• IncludeDomainsIncludedinPositiveBehaviorSupportInterventions

• AddressMissingDomains– ShouldDomainsNotAddressedYetbeAddedtoPlanningProcess?

– ReviewQualityofLifeDataRegularly

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Organization-WideStrategiesforIntegration

• Person-CenteredPlanningTeamIncludesOtherPractices&RecruitsFacilitation– PBS– DBT– TraumaInformedPractice

• CreateaTeamtoMonitorPerson-CenteredPlans&PBS• AssessSkillsWithinOrganization

– Person-CenteredFacilitator&PBSFacilitatorCombined– CollaborationBetweenTwoIndividualsWhoCollaborate

PBSisNotUsedto“Fix”People….ItisaStrategyforChangingHowWe

SupportEachOtherandEncouragePositiveSocialInteractions

VideoExample:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yQA2O0PJQMI

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Important To&ImportantForAreConnected

• Theyinfluenceeachother• Noonedoesanythingthatis“importantfor”them(willingly)unlessapieceofitis“important”tothem

GoalisIntegratePlanningto:• UsePerson-CenteredPlanningandPBSto

MakesurePlanningAddressBothWhatisImportantToandImportantForaPerson

• CreateaPlanforWhatWeNeedtoDotoChange

ChoicehasBoundaries• Thereisno“unfetteredchoice,”foranyofus• Thequestionisalways:whereshouldtheboundariesbedrawn?

• Theanswerisimpactedbymanyfactors– Laws– Values– Resources– RippleEffect(howchoicesimpactothers,suchaspartners,roommates,coworkers,etc.)

– PersonalSafety– PublicSafety

©TLC-PCP2012www.learningcommunity.us

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LookforPerson-CenteredPracticesOnMNPSP.ORGforMoreExamples

LookforTrainingMaterialsattheBottomoftheHomePageforTools

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StephanieBensonEmail:meye0657@umn.edu

StephanieBenson,M.A.InstituteOnCommunityIntegration,UniversityOfMinnesota,MinneapolisMN55455

ContactInformation

RachelFreemanEmail:freem039@umn.eduPhone:(541)979-3409

RachelFreeman,Ph.D.InstituteOnCommunityIntegration,UniversityOfMinnesota,Pattee Hall,Room110A,150PillsburyDr.S.E.MinneapolisMN55455

ContactInformation

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EndofWebinar

AgendaforOnsiteClass11:00- 11:15 BreakAfterWebinar11:15– 12:15 ShareoutPBSpresentations12:15– 1:15 Lunch1:15– 2:00 Arthur’sActivity2:00– 2:15 Break2:15– 3:00 Person-CenteredPlansAcrossStages3:00-3:45 DiscussionbyTeam– AssessingNext

Steps3:45-4:00 Like-Learn-Change

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Share-outPBSPresentationsfromDay1

Person-CenteredPlansAcrossStages

PlanVarybyIntensity

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All People

Some People

Person-CenteredPlansCanVarybyIntensity

Person-CenteredPractices&Planning

TertiaryStage• InDepthPerson-CenteredPlans• IntegratedPlans(PCP,PBS,Trauma-informedTherapy)

• TeamsMonitorPlanProgress

PrimaryStage• UniversalPerson-CenteredStrategies• EncourageSelfExpression• Self-DeterminationandChoiceMaking• MeaningfulParticipationintheCommunity

SecondaryStage• MonitorPCTActionPlans• AdditionalQualityofLifeStrategies• IncreaseStrategiesforSupportingIndependenceandCommunityInvolvement

• MentalHealthandWellnessInterventions

ImportantToImportantFor&TheBalanceBetween

Discovery/ListeningTools

ManagementTools

EverydayLearningTools TLC-PCP2012 www.learningcommunity.us

Wrkbk pg 9

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• RoutinesandRituals• PreferredSchedulesandActivities• PreferredPeople

– Staff– Friends– Other

• ImportantToandImportantFor• ArticulateResponsibilities(DonutExercise)• DesiredPresent• DesirableFuture

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Person-CenteredPlanningTools

UsingPerson-CenteredPlanningBasedonNeedsforEachPerson

• PrimaryStage– UsePCTToolstoCreateSimpleActionPlan

• SecondaryStage– ReviewActionsandAddAdditionalStrategiestoEnsureSuccess

• TertiaryStage– MorePeopleInvolvedinTeam– MoreTimeSpentCreatingStrategies– NaturalSupportandCommunityCollaboration– PATH,MAPS,EssentialLifestylePlan

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Flo’sProfileandActionPlan

MonitoringUniversalPerson-CenteredPractices

• PersonalDescriptions/ProfileswithActionPlansinPlaceforAllPeopleSupported

• MonitorActionPlansforProgressOverTime

• ListIndividualDataThatCanBeUsedtoMonitorQualityofLife

Flo’s Profile & Plan

What Is Important To Flo:

• Spending time & talking on

the phone with Rikki

(brother) & Ruby (sister).

• Hanging out with

Cheyenne.

• My wheelchair is kept

comfortable.

• Dressing well & feeling

good about my appearance

gives me a good self-

esteem.

• Getting out of the house to

enjoy LOTS of activities!

• Watching sports,

especially my favorite

teams the Twins &

Vikings!

• I enjoy playing with

balloons, having stuffed

animals around &

soft/warm blankets when

relaxing.

• Going to church regularly

and praying before bed

and meals.

• I love listening & singing

to music!

• It’s important to me that I

have choices & that people

listen to me.

• I am VERY social and want

the opportunity to meet

new people.

• Working on arts & crafts.

• Remembering my mom &

keeping her memory alive.

What Is Important For Flo:

• Having thicket in my

liquids for drinking.

• Making sure my

medications are monitored

and managed well.

• A healthy diet.

• Keeping my wheelchair in

working order &

comfortable.

• It’s important for me to be

dressed well so my self-

esteem doesn’t suffer.

• It’s important that I get out

in the community & enjoy a

variety of activities & that

those places are accessible

to me.

• It’s important for me to be

social & get out into the

community to meet new

people.

• It’s important for my

religious practices to be

respected &

accommodated.

• It’s important for me to

have choices, be respected

& feel my voice is being

heard.

• It’s important for me to

have people who will help

me find ways to remember

my mom & her memory.

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AddSimpleSecondaryActionPlantoDescription

Action Planning Form

What needs to be done? How often?

Who is responsible

?

By when?

Jesse will make sure staff are organized and transportation is available on Sundays so Flo can attend church

Available Every Sunday

Jesse

By August16, 2017

Lucy will work with Flo to create a lunch club and help Flo send out invitations

Weekly Starting on August

Flo and Lucy

First invites by August 1, 2017

Jesse will help Flo create a simple invitation to lunch that Flo can share with people in the community

July 24, 2017

Flo and Jesse By August 16, 2017

Jamain will sit down with Flo on Sunday each week and identify a plan for spending time in the community, and share this with Jesse who will make sure transportation and staffing are available

August 13, 2017

Flo and Jamain

July 18, 2017

Rikki and Ruby will work with Flo to create a family collage book during their visits

August to September 6, 2017

Flo, Rikki, and Ruby

October, 2017

Flo will begin looking for a pet by visiting the sanctuary and assessing what kind of animal would be the best fit. Flo and the team will review findings together and take the next step

August to September

Flo and Jamain Review October, 2017

MonitorOutcomesofSimplePlans

ReviewofDesiredOutcome–HowWilltheTeamMonitorProgressLogfor

1. TrackingActivitiesintheCommunity2. NumberofFriendsAttendingLunchClub

CommunityActivities

Date Activity7/20/17 SundayServicesandBrunch7/24/17 PetSanctuary

7/27/17 DinnerOutWithRikkiandRuby

7/31/17 LunchClubLaunch

JulyCommunityActivitySummary:4Date Activity

8/2/17 LunchClub

8/5/17 Visit2PetStores8/9/17 LunchClub

8/10/17 DinnerOutWithRikkiandRuby

8/13/17 SanctuaryAnimalVisit8/20/17 SundayServicesandBrunch

8/22/17 DinnerOutWithRikkiandRuby

8/14/17 DinnerwithGirlfriend8/16/17 LunchClub

8/25/17 MovieNightwithGirlfriend

8/23/17 LunchClub8/27/17 SundayServicesandBrunch

8/28/17 SanctuaryAnimalVisit8/29/17 DinnerOutWithRikkiandRuby

8/30/17 LunchClub

AugustCommunityActivity:15

NumberofFriendsWhoMeetWithFloatLeastMonthly

(CountBeginsAfterTwoSocialMeetingsOccur)

Month Number FriendJuly,2017 2 RikkiandRuby

August,2017 4 Rikki,Ruby,Tova,Dara

September,2017 5 Rikki,Ruby,Tova,Dara,Andy

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Organization-WideTeam

Addresses Universal Systems

Secondary/Tertiary Team

AtSecondaryStageOrganizationsFormTwoTeams

TwoSeparateTeams

Organization-WideTeam• Administrators• Managers• StaffMembers• PeopleSupported• FamilyMembers• Community• RepresentationFrom

Secondary/TertiaryTeam

Secondary/TertiaryTeam• Person-CenteredThinking

Trainers• Person-CenteredPlan

Facilitators• PositiveBehaviorSupport

Facilitators• LeadersofOrganizational

Workforce/TrainingSystems• OtherSpecialistsWithin

Organization– Trauma-InformedTherapy– DialecticalBehaviorTherapy

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Organization-WideTeam

Addresses Universal Systems

Secondary/Tertiary Team

Secondary/TertiaryTeamMonitorPlansandInterveneEarlytoImproveOutcomesfor:• PCTActionPlans• Person-CenteredPlans• PBSPlans• OrganizationalIssuesImpactingQOL

ProvideSupporttoIndividualsto:• AssistPersonisFindingJob• FosterandEncourageRelationships• ProblemSolvetoHelpPersonFindIdeal

Home• SupportedDecisionMaking• BringinPositiveSupportExpertise

UniversalPerson-CenteredPracticesAllLevelsUniversal Team & Staff

Tier 2/3 Team

PlanFacilitator

Trainer

Personal Descriptions

X

Additional Quality of Life Assessment

X X

Person-Centered Plan Facilitation

X X X

Trainer in Person-Centered Practices

X X X X

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Activity:DiscussingTeamStrengthsandNeeds

• IdentifyingPerson-CenteredPlanningandPBSStrengthsinTeams

• ExamplesFromTeamsMovingtoSecondaryStage

• GroupDiscussion

Arthur’sPersonCenteredPlan

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Arthur’sPlan

ActivityandDiscussion

ReviewtheKeyElementsofPerson-CenteredPlanning

• What’sMissingThatYouWouldAddtoThisDocument?

• CreateaListofThingsYouWouldShowSomeoneIfTheyAskedHowtoFacilitateaPerson-CenteredPlan

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Like-Learn-Change

ThreePost-itNotes

• WhatdidyouLIKEabouttoday?

• WhatdidyouLEARNtoday?

• WhatwouldyouCHANGEabouttoday?

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StephanieBensonEmail:meye0657@umn.edu

StephanieBenson,M.A.InstituteOnCommunityIntegration,UniversityOfMinnesota,MinneapolisMN55455

ContactInformation

RachelFreemanEmail:freem039@umn.eduPhone:(541)979-3409

RachelFreeman,Ph.D.InstituteOnCommunityIntegration,UniversityOfMinnesota,Pattee Hall,Room110A,150PillsburyDr.S.E.MinneapolisMN55455

ContactInformation

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Preparationofthis[presentation/report]wassupported,inpart,bycooperativeagreementJPK%50470fromtheMinnesotaDepartmentofHumanServices.TheUniversityofMinnesotaundertakingprojectsundergovernmentsponsorshipareencouragedtoexpressfreelytheirfindingsandconclusions. Pointsofvieworopinionsdonot,thereforenecessarilyrepresentofficialMNDHSpolicy.