personal protective equipment (ppe) - oap · 2019-08-17 · types of personal protective equipment...
Post on 30-Jun-2020
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Objective
Gain knowledge and familiarization with the different
types of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and their
uses for radiological emergency response operations.
1
Goals
• Understand the purpose of using PPE
• Review the factors that determine PPE usage
• Review the types and levels of protection
• Review the proper dressing (donning) and
undressing (doffing)
• Provide an overview of personal
decontamination procedures
2
What is the purpose of PPE?
• To prevent contamination
• To minimize skin and clothing
contact
– Avert spreading contamination
– Minimize the possibility of
skin/clothing becoming
contaminated
3
Factors to Determine PPE Usage
There are four basic factors to
determine the type and extent of
PPE:
1. Type and form of contamination
2. Levels of contamination
3. Type of work being performed
4. Hazard type
4
Additional PPE Factors to Consider
• Types of clothing
• Potential for increased contamination
(resuspension)
• Areas of the body at risk
• Competing hazards
• Respiratory protective equipment
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Contamination Control is Important
• To control the contamination:
– Establish a “hotline” prior to entry
– Use appropriate Personnel Protective Equipment
– To protect your skin from contamination
– To protect from internal contamination (use a
respirator)
– To protect from other hazards that may be
collocated with the radiological contamination
– Conduct surveys to determine where contamination is
located and isolate area
Types of Protection - Level A
• Level A PPE consists of a Self-
Contained Breathing Apparatus
(SCBA) and a totally encapsulating
chemical-protective suit
• Level A PPE provides the highest
level of respiratory, eye, mucous
membrane, and skin protection
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• Level B PPE consists of a
positive-pressure respirator SCBA
or supplied-air respirator and non-
encapsulated chemical-resistant
garments, gloves, and boots,
which guard against chemical
splash exposures
• Level B PPE provides the highest
level of respiratory protection with
a lower level of skin protection
Types of Protection - Level B
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Types of Protection - Level C PPE
• Level C PPE consists of an Air
Purifying Respirator (APR) and non-
encapsulated chemical-resistant
clothing, gloves, and boots
• Level C PPE provides the same
level of skin protection as Level B,
with a lower level of respiratory
protection
• Level C PPE is used when the type
of airborne exposure can be
adequately guarded against by an
APR
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Types of Protection - Level D
• Level D PPE consists of
standard work clothes without a
respirator. In hospitals, Level D
consists of surgical gown,
mask, and latex gloves
(universal precautions)
• Level D PPE provides no
respiratory protection and only
minimal skin protection
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Hand Protection PPE
• Surgical gloves
• Rubber gloves
• Neoprene gloves
• Cotton gloves
• Leather or canvas
work gloves
12
• Full-face masks
• Powered-Air Purifying Respirator
(PAPR)
• Supplied air systems
• Self-Contained Breathing
Apparatus (SCBA)
Requires medical approval, training,
and fit testing!
Respiratory Protection
14
Undressing or Removing PPE
Order of removal:
• Rubber overshoes
• Outer gloves
• Hood
• All exposed tape
• Dosimetry
• Coveralls
• Shoe covers
• Respiratory equipment
• Surgical gloves
16
Dressing (donning) in PPE
Order of dressing:
• Shoe covers
• Coveralls
• Dosimetry
• Overshoes
• Surgical gloves
• Outer gloves
• Hood
• Respiratory equipment
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• Procedures for exiting a contaminated area
– Report to hot line exit area
– Health physics personnel will guide and assist in the
proper removal of PPE to minimize the spread of
contamination
– Place equipment in the designated drop area
– Health physics personnel will conduct a
contamination survey
– Health physics personnel will decontaminate and
resurvey as appropriate
Contamination Control
Five Point Survey
• A survey of hands, feet, and
face/head quickly evaluates
personnel for gross contamination
• First verify the instrument is
turned on and operational
• Hold the probe about 0.5 to 1 cm
from the surface to be surveyed
• Avoid touching the surface with
probe
• Move the probe slowly, about 2.5
to 5 cm/second
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Contaminated Clothing
Advise the individual to refrain from moving around
or touching the contaminated area
• Contain or remove areas of gross contamination
• Carefully remove and store all contaminated
clothing
• Resurvey clothing after each tape press to
evaluate effectiveness
• Save contaminated clothing for future analysis if
internal contamination suspected
• Perform a whole body survey
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Skin Contamination Assessment
• Survey/measure skin contamination
• Determine level of contamination
• Determine size of the contaminated
area
• Determine length of time on skin
• Identify radionuclides involved
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Decontamination
There are three factors that determine the
course of action to be taken for decontamination:
1. Physical condition of the worker
2. Activity of radionuclide(s) present
3. Location of contamination on the body
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Skin Decontamination
Precautions
• Prevent contaminated
water from entering body
openings
• Use only lukewarm water
• Medical care takes precedence
• Modesty issues need to be
addressed
• Use biohazard bags and
gloves
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Decontamination or Transport of
Injured Personnel
Decontamination factors to consider:
• Treatment of a major injury take precedence over decontamination
• Taking off all outer clothing may remove up to 90% of contamination
• Ease with which decontamination can be accomplished
• Potential for spreading contamination
• Contaminating a wound
• Added dose by delaying decontamination
• Inform hospital of radiological issues
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Documentation
Develop a “Real-Time" history:
• Activity of contamination
• Location of contamination
• Area of contamination
• Decontamination method used
• Effectiveness of
decontamination method
• Estimated exposure time when
contamination on skin
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Summary
• Review of the purpose of using PPE
• Factors that determine PPE usage and levels
• Proper dressing (donning) and undressing (doffing)
procedures
• Provided an overview of personal decontamination
26
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