persons with disabilities physical and medical disabilities
Post on 26-Dec-2015
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Physical/Medical Disabilities
Genetic Congenital
At birth or soon after birth May or may not be genetic
Disease Acquired
Injury/accidents
Hidden/Invisible Disabilities
Asthma Diabetes Kidney diseases Hemophilia Epilepsy Sickle cell anemia Cardiac problems Cystic fibrosis
Physical and Medical Disabilities
Types: Mobility Impairments Visual Impairments Hearing Impairments Medical/Systemic Impairments
Mobility Impairments
Amputation Arthritis Cerebral palsy Neuromuscular/Neurological disorders Acquired/Traumatic Brain Injury Spinal Cord Injury
Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis
Chronic arthritis of unknown causes Autoimmune disease
Infancy-older child Joints swell, bone growth changes Pain, tenderness Internal problems
Cerebral Palsy Disorder of movement
Muscle weakness/Muscle spasms Balance and coordination (ataxia)
Damage to the motor control areas of the brain Injury before, during or after birth
Oxygen deprivation (near drowning, cardiac arrest) Head injury/Being shaken RH incompatibility Prematurity
Disease of the mother: Rubella Meningitis Shingles Toxoplasmosis Diabetes Toxemia
Neuromuscular and Neurological Disabilities
Damage to the nervous systems Brain and spine injury Heart attacks Serious infections Lack of oxygen to the brain
Loss of physical and/or mental functions Movement Manipulation of objects Expression of feelings Thinking Processing of information
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Nerve cells in brain and spinal cord are attacked.
Usually between ages 40-60. Majority are male. Can run in families. Difficulties:
Walking/running Writing Speech problems
Multiple Sclerosis Myelin sheath of nerve cells damaged. Affects more women than men. Begins ages 20-40. Difficulties:
Visual disturbances Muscle weakness Difficulty with coordination and balance Numbness Thinking and memory problems.
Muscular Dystrophy
More than 30 inherited diseases. Muscle weakness and loss.
Heart and diaphragm. Appears from infancy to middle/old
age.
Spina Bifida
Genetic/Influenced by drugs/chemicals Neural tube defect
Baby’s spinal cord does not develop normally during pregnancy.
Partial or full paralysis of the legs Difficulties with bowel or bladder control Fluid in the brain Bone and joint deformities Curvature of the spine
Acquired/Traumatic Brain Injury Injury to the head or brain
50,000 people per year College students are in a high risk category
Boys are twice as likely as girls to have injuries to the brain or spinal cord.
Loss of abilities: Cognitive/memory Communicative Motor Psychosocial Sensory
Acquired/Traumatic Brain Injury
Need routine Need step by step directions Need repetition Need reinforcement of learning
Spinal Cord Injury Causes:
Motor vehicle accidents Usually involving alcohol
Gunshot wounds Sports injuries
Hockey, farm accidents, diving accidents
Late adolescence and young adulthood Paralysis Lack of sensation Depends of the level of injury and how
complete the spine is severed.
Etiquette:Persons in Wheelchairs
Wait until the person asks for assistance.
Ask if the person wants your assistance.
Do not lean on the chair. Sit down to be at the person’s eye
level after a few minutes. No patting on the head.
Visual Impairments
Disease, accidents, congenital illnesses.
Legally blind: See at 20 feet what a normal person
sees at 200 feet.
Visual Impairments
Explain verbally what you are doing Be descriptive when using visual aids. Tell when someone comes in or leaves
the room. Ask if the person wants assistance. Give copies of materials. Do not pet guide dogs.
Hearing Impairments:Communication Disability
Physical damage, at birth, disease during pregnancy, exposure to very loud noises, ear infections.
Needs visual clues.
Hearing Impairments
Good lighting and quiet location. Do not talk while you are walking away. Look and speak directly to the person. Make sure the person can see your
face and lips no chewing). Do not address the interpreter. Identify your topic at the beginning. May need to repeat or rephrase.
Medical/Systemic Impairments
Cancer Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Diabetes Epilepsy/Seizure Disorder Lupus Cystic Fibrosis
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Extreme fatigue not relieved by rest.
Memory impairment Muscle pain Joint pain Headaches Sore throat Tender neck/armpit lymph nodes
Four times as many women than men. People in 40s and 50s. Sometimes seen in members of the same
family.
Epilepsy/Seizure Disorder
Brain cells do not work properly Momentary loss of consciousness with
muscle twitching Abrupt jerking of muscles Sudden loss of consciousness and
muscle tone
Lupus Chronic inflammatory disease usually
involving the skin, joints, blood and kidneys. Environmental and genetic causes.
Infections, antibiotics (sulfa/penicillin family). Ultraviolet light, extreme stress, hormones.
Can occur in either gender and at any age. Occurs 10-15 times more in adult females.
People of African, American Indian and Asian origin may develop the disease more frequently.
Lupus Symptoms with remissions and flare ups:
Achy and/or swelling joints Fever Fatigue Skin rashes (butterfly on checks and nose) Chest pain when breathing deep Kidney involvement Sun or light sensitivity Hair loss Seizures Mouth or nose ulcers Raynaud’s Syndrome
Fingers turning white or blue in the cold
Cystic Fibrosis
Genetic Defective gene produces thick, sticky
mucus, sweat, saliva and digestive juices. Northern Europeans are at more risk.
Lung and pancreas damage Respiratory infections Nutritional deficiencies
Possible Accommodations
Priority registration Extended time for
exams Distraction-reduced
environment Consideration for
absences Frequent breaks Copy of professor’s
notes
Food/beverages in class
Books on tape Enlarged font Use of a computer Note-taker Reader Scribe Moving classes to
accessible locations
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