pesticide poisoning and cognitive brain and issues

1

 Pesticide Poisoning – Cognitive Brain & Issues

V. Magendira ManiAssistant Professor of Biochemistry

Islamiah College, Vaniyambadi.&

Research ScholarAdhiparasakthi College of Arts & Science

G.B Nagar , Kalavai

Pesticides are toxic chemicals used to kill pest,

insects, rodents, and weeds that might harm our

crops and our health

The widespread use of pesticides in agriculture,

public health and household environments results

in continuous exposure of human populations

and cause pesticide poisoning.

Exposure

Route

Contaminated Food

Occupational Exposure

Accidentalexposure

Mosquito coil &

RepellentWater & Soft

Drinks

Suicide

Spray DriftAgriculture Gardens

Fruits and Vegetables

=

Indian Council for Medical Research (ICMR) and the Indian

Medical Association

Reported that

100 Cigarette Smoke

Don’t Drink & Eat

The “Pesticide Pool”!

IMA (Indian Medical Association)

Thums Up - 7.2 %Coke - 9.4 %7 Up - 12.5 %Mirinda - 20.7 %Pepsi - 10.9 %Fanta - 29.1 %Sprite - 5.3 %Frooti - 24.5 %Maza - 19.3 %

Pesticide contents in soft drinks

Exposure Leads to

Death

Extinction species

Hormone Imbalance

Birth defects

Mutation

Cancer

Nuro degenerative

disorder

30 million people affected.

2,50,000 to 5,00,000 mortality

7,50, 000 chronic illnesses

1,00,000 affected by

birth defect, mutation

&Neurodegenerative disorder

Pesticide poisoning WHO reports

December 3, 1984

40 tons of MIC gas leakedFrom UCC

immediately killing 3,800 20,000 premature deaths

half million people affectedby

birth defect, mutation &

Neurodegenerative disorder

THE BHOPAL DISASTER

In India, last October, the Hindu newspaper reported

that there was over a 2,50,000-3,00,000 farmers

suicides between 1995 and 2015 the worst ever

recorded wave of suicides of this kind in human

history.

In 2010, the state of Tamilnadu witnessed a total of

14,424 suicides.

In Bihar India, July 2015, 57 school children died

after eating contaminated lunch with "very toxic"

levels of an agricultural pesticide - Monocrotophos.

Pesticide poisoning deaths in India

PYRETHROID DELTAMETHRIN INDUCED

NEUROTOXICITY AND NEURO PROTECTIVE

EFFECT OF FLAVONOID NARINGIN ON MALE

WISTAR RATS

Pyrethroids pesticides

• Pyrethroids are a class of neurotoxic synthetic insecticides

eg. deltamethrin, cypermethrin, bifenthrin, cyhalothrin, cyfluthrin,

esfenvalerate, fenpropathrin, and permethrin.

pyrethroids have been widely used to control insect pests in

agriculture, public health, homes and gardens.

Pyrethroids cross the blood-brain barrier and exert their

neurotoxic effects on insects and pests, the mechanism of action is

same for target and non-target organisms.

Pyrethroid pesticide poisoning Cancer Neurodegenerative disorders Mammalian reproductive toxicity Allergy and immunosuppression Cardiovascular diseases Endocrine related diseases Hepatotoxicity Nephrotoxicity Mutation Birth defects

• Deltamethrin one of the most potent type II pyrethroid

insecticides with α- cyano group.

• DLM is a basic ingredients in mosquito coil, repellent,

mosquito net, Miraculous Chalk or Chinese Chalk”.

• Deltamethrin cross blood brain barriers is dispersed in

different parts of the brain - cortex, hippocampus upon

chronic exposure.

• Neurotoxic effects of deltamethrin have been attributed to its

binding to sodium channels in the brain, acetylcholine

esterase inhibition, interaction with the GABA receptor–

ionophore complex.

Deltamethrin

Naringin

The flavonoid glycoside naringin, is the major flavonoid present in

citrus and grapefruits and constitutes up to 10% of the dry weight. Naringin (4,5,7-

trihydroxy-flavonone-7-rhamnoglucoside), it exhibits diverse biological and

pharmacological properties including anti inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, lipid-

lowering and antioxidant activities. (Choi et al., 2010). Yet no mutagenic activity.

NaringinNaringin had recently received considerable attention as a neuroprotective agent (Kim et

al., 2009). Although naringin has been previously reported as protective effect against 3-

NP toxicity induced neuronal apoptosis (Kumar and Kumar, 2010).

Animals

Wistar male albino rats weighing between 200-240 g were housed in animal

cages with food and water ad libitum. Six animals were housed per cage,

and maintained on 12/12 hr day and night cycle. The animals were fed with

commercial pellet diet (Hindustan lever Ltd., Bangalore, India). The

experiments were conducted according to ethical norms approved by the

Ministry of Social Justices and Empowerment, Government of India and

Institutional Animal Ethics Committee Guidelines. During the experimental

period care was taken to minimize the suffering of animals

Segregation of Experimental Animals

The animals were divided into four groups of 6 animals each.

Group I - Control rats (Rats received no treatment and served as a control group)

Group II - Rats induced with Deltamethrin dissolved in corn oil 12.8

mg/kgBW orally (1/10 LD 50) for three week (21 days).

Group III - Rats administered with Deltamethrin dissolved in corn oil 12.8 mg/kg

BW orally and simultaneously administered Naringin 100 mg/kg BW dissolved in

water orally for 21 days.

Group IV - Drug alone rats (Naringin alone dissolved in water)

V. Magendira Mani et al. / Biomedicine & Aging Pathology 4 (2014) 1–8

Effect of DLM and naringin on the level of lipid peroxidation

V. Magendira Mani et al. / Biomedicine & Aging Pathology 4 (2014) 1–8

Effect of DLM and naringin on the level of Antioxidant enzymes

V. Magendira Mani et al. / Biomedicine & Aging Pathology 4 (2014) 1–8

Effect of DLM and naringin on the level of Non-enzymic antioxidant enzymes

V. Magendira Mani et al. / Biomedicine & Preventive Nutrition, 2013 / 1- 6

Effect of DLM and naringin on protein impairment by SDS-PAGE

V. Magendira Mani et al. / Biomedicine & Aging Pathology 4 (2014) 1–8

Effect of DLM and naringin on DNA fragmentation analysis by agarose gel electrophoresis

V. Magendira Mani et al. / World Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2015) 10–26.

Effect of DLM and Naringin on Histopathological analysis of cortex and hippocampus region

Please don’t use mosquito coil,

repellent, pesticides at home, school,

agriculture etc. Give pesticide free world for future children

Children are one thirdof our population and

all of our future. Thank u