pfd - firehoses
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Basic FirefighterFire Hoses
Michael Corsello
Peyton Fire
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Fire HosesAny flexible tube used by firefighters tocarry water under pressure from the
source of supply to a point where it isdischarged IFSTA essentials
There are many materials, sizes and
connectors used in the fire service
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Fire HosesFire Hose Sizes
Each size has a purpose
Generally in 50 and 100 foot sections
Hoses are governed by NFPA1901, 1961,1962 and 1963 primarily
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Fire HosesIntake Hose
Two types
Hard Suction used primarily to draft waterfrom an open source (i.e. a pond) or to siphonwater from one tank to another (i.e. a port-a-tank) - generally in sizes from 2 in 6 in
Soft Sleeve used to transfer water from ahydrant or other pressurized source to a pumpintake generally in sizes from 2in 6 in
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Fire HosesHose Construction5 Common Types
BoosterHose
- 1 in
Woven-Jacket1 6 in ImpregnatedSingle Jacket
1 - 5 in
Non-CollapsibleIntake
2 - 6 in
Flexible Non-Collapsible Intake
2 - 6 in
Rubber Coat
FabricReinforced
RubberLined
1 or 2 WovenJackets
Rubber Lined
Polymer Coat
PolymerLined
Rubber Coat
Fabric and WireReinforced(Spiral)
Rubber Lined
Rubber Coat
Fabric and PlasticReinforced (Spiral)
Rubber Lined
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Fire HosesDamage Causes and Prevention
Mechanical Damage
Abrasions, rips / tears, crushed or crackedcouplings, damaged liners, damaged threads
Dont drag hoses over rough or sharp objects
Open and close valves / nozzles slowly toprevent water hammer
Change the position of bends frequently in lays
Avoid excessive pressures
Use hose bridges / chafing blocks
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Fire HosesDamage Causes and Prevention
Thermal Damage
Exposure to heat decomposes rubber, burns cotton andmelts polymers
Protect hoses from excessive heat
Use moderate heat for drying
Keep woven jackets dry
Flow water through unused hose to prolong life
Avoid prolonged exposure to the sun
Keep away from vehicle / pump exhausts
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Fire HosesDamage Causes and Prevention
Organic / Chemical DamageFailure to dry hoses can result in rot due to mold and
mildewChemicals and their vapors may cause decomposition toexposed parts
Clean hoses after every use
Swap out wet hoses for dry ones on apparatus
Allow hoses to dry before rolling or reloadingKeep hoses away from chemicals as much as possible
Replace contaminated hoses as needed
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Fire HosesCare and Maintenance
Washing
Rubber coated rinse with water and wipeclean
Fabric coated brush off dirt and clean withpressure washer (a hose washer is very useful)
DryingAll fabric coated hoses should be dried beforerolling or reloading
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Fire HosesCare and Maintenance
Storing
Hoses should be restocked on apparatus orrolled and stored in an appropriate manner
Gaskets / O-Rings
Swivel gaskets or expansion ring gasketsshould be inspected at every washing andreplaced when necessary
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Fire HosesCouplings
2 Basic types
Threaded (various types of threads)3 and 5 piece basic designs
Storz (Sexless interlocking coupling)
Both ends identical, can be connected together
Secured by a third-turn
Others quarter-turn, oilfield rocker lug, snap
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Fire Hoses
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Fire HosesThreaded Couplings
Shank portion of coupling connected to
hoseEnds can be identified by noting the lugs
Only male couplings have lugs on the shank
Female couplings have lugs on the swivelCouplings can be tightened via the lugsusing a spanner wrench
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Fire HosesThreaded Couplings
Lug TypesRocker most common, exposed flat bar lug parallel to
length of hosePin exposed lug
Recessed indentation in hose (mostly on booster lines),required special spanner wrench
Higbee Cut / IndicatorSpecial cut on initial thread to provide positive threadcontact, reducing cross-threading
The Higbee Indicator is a notch in the lugs indicating thelocation of the Higbee Cut
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Fire Hoses
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Fire HosesHose Appliances and Tools
Valves
Valve DevicesFittings
Intake Devices
Rollers
Jackets
Clamps
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Fire HosesValves
Ball used in pumper discharges and gated wyes,
open when handle is in line with hoseGate used in hydrant operations, have a flatgate that slides up and down via a screwmechanism (OS&Y is a gate type)
Butterfly used on large pump intakes, have a flatgate that rotates via a quarter turn handle
Clapper used in siamese applicances to allowunidirectional flow, operate via hinged disk
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Fire HosesValve DevicesWye Appliance split one inlet line into 2 outlet lines,usually smaller, often valved
Siamese Appliancejoin 2 or 3 inlet lines into one outlet
lines, often with clapper valves, used to overcome frictionloss
Water Thief variation of a wye, one inlet with same-sizeoutlet and 2 smaller outlets
LDH appliances used to distribute water from large
diameter hose (LDH) to working linesHydrant Valves used to separate open hydrant from hose,allows hoses to be connected and disconnected withoutshutting off the hydrant
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Fire Hoses
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Fire HosesFittings
Reducers allows different size hoses to be
connected (long hose runs)Double adapters come in double male anddouble female, allow hoses to be connected whenboth couplings are of the same sex
Elbows allow hoses to be sharply redirectedCaps, Plugs close off hose or appliance ends
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Fire HosesIntake Devices
Strainers
Come in several varietiesUsed to prevent debris / organic materials frombeing ingested into the pumping systems
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Fire HosesTools
Hose Roller used to protect hoses from sharpedges while dragging
Hose Jacket appliance used to repair rupturedhoses while under pressure
Hose Clamp used to stop the flow of water
Hose Bridge / Chafing Block used to protect
hoses from abrasionHose strap / rope / chain used to aid in carryingor handling a charge line
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Fire Hoses
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Fire HosesHose RollsStraight Roll
Start at the male end
Roll flat to female end
Flatten any uneven coils
Roll backward (male out)to denote a bad hosemark with a tag whenpossible
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Fire HosesHose Rolls
Donut Roll
Both ends are exposedFold male end up to about3ft SHORT of the female end
Start rolling at the folded
endOnce rolled, hose can bedeployed in place
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Fire HosesHose Rolls
Twin Donut Roll
Bring both ends together,side by side
Flatten the folded end androll
If couplings are offset by afoot or so, they can beconnected
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Fire HosesHose RollsSelf-Locking Twin DonutRoll
Start just like Twin Roll
When flattening folded end,make a flat loop about 3ftwide
Roll with flat loop at centerInterlock loop ends to makea handle
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Fire HosesHose Loads
Accordion Load
Hose lays on edgePacks across flat bed
Can allow access to eitherend
Good for any type of lay
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Fire HosesHose Loads
Horseshoe Load
Hose lays on edgePacks around edge of bed
Fewer sharp bends
Tends to fall off truck
Only provides access toone end, for one type oflay
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Fire HosesHose Loads
Flat Load
Hose lays flatEasy to load
Easy to pull / shouldercarry
Can be loaded in split bed
Only provides access toone end
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Fire HosesHose Lays
Forward lay
Hose is laid from watersource to the fire
Female coupling isunloaded first
Allows a hydrant team to
stay at the source and thepumper to advance to thefire scene
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Fire HosesHose Lays
Reverse lay
Hose is laid from the fireto the water supply
Male coupling is unloadedfirst
Allows an attack team to
stay at the scene and thepumper to move to thewater source
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Fire HosesHose Lays
Split lay
Term used in manyways
Any lay composed ofboth a forward and
reverse lay
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Fire HosesAdvancing Hoselines
Always work in teams
Entry teams on 2in lines should have 3or 4 persons on the line
Firefighters should be on the same side of
the hoseTry to hoist a hose by rope if possiblerather than ladder carry
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Fire HosesAdvancing Hoselines
Ladder Advances Uncharged line
One firefighter at the ground feeds the hoseFirefighter(s) on ladder shoulder carry the line
Ladder Advances Charged line
Several firefighters lock in or belt off on theladder within arms reach of each other
The hose is then pushed upward fromfirefighter to firefighter
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Fire HosesRemember
Safety First
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