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Phoenix Convention Center • Phoenix, Arizona
District or Distributed
Integrated Energy District Heating and Cooling
Robert McMillinSiemens Industry, Inc.
August 12, 2015
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade2
Introduction
• Master Planning• New Construction– Best time to choose a direction– Likely higher first cost, but lower future cost
• Retrofit– Expensive– Adding to plants serving functional clusters – Diversity of building types
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade3
Qualification
• Identify what you do and where you do it• Prioritize your goals
• Understand your capabilities and resources
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade4
Identify what you do and where you do it
• Sometimes the decision is made for you– McAlester Army Ammunition Plant– USDA Field Office– GSA facilities in downtown San Antonio
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade5
Prioritize your goals
• Cost• Risk/Reliability• Energy Security• Environmental• Energy reductions• Aesthetics
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade6
Prioritize you Goals – Cost
• Installation Costs• Utility Costs• Operations & Maintenance Cost– Fewer and more hardy equipment in plants– Fewer but higher qualified personnel in plants– Consolidation of maintenance costs and activities
• Replacement Cost– Longer lives and less pieces in plants– Emergency/ongoing replacements in distributed
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade7
Prioritize you Goals – Risk/Reliability & Energy Security
• Redundancy– n+1 for district,
n+# of bldgs for distributed
• Piping vs Equipment
• Combined Heat and Power
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade8
Prioritize you Goals – Energy Reductions/Environmental
• Transmission losses• Steam vs hot water• Central equipment vs unitary equipment• Water cooled vs air cooled• Water usage and water treatment• ESPC
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade9
Prioritize you Goals – Aesthetics
• Central plants and storage are not necessarily the most beautiful facilities
• Space requirements may dictate long transmission systems and overhead lines are not “pretty”
• Noise• Quality of Life
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade10
Understand your Capabilities and Resources
• Labor Pool• Available utilities and fuels• Available rates
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade11
Benefits of Distributed Systems
• Lower first installation costs• Total facility shutdown• Less stringent labor force
requirements• Severability – Potentially more attractive as a
resale property– The loss of one facility, the plant,
does not shut down the campus
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade12
Improve existing systems
• Controls• Re-commissioning/Retrocommissioning• Cooling– Temperature resets– Plant optimization programs– Equipment efficiency improvements
• Heating– Temperature and pressure reset– Plant optimization routines– Equipment efficiency improvements
• Variable pumping and fan speed
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade13
Conclusions
• Multiple facilities/campus environment• Accurately compare all costs and benefits
when evaluating options• Improve plant efficiency regardless of district
or distributed if financially viable.• Consider transferring risk to a third party
Phoenix Convention Center • Phoenix, Arizona
Contact Information
Integrated Energy District Heating and Cooling
Robert McMillinSiemens Industry, Inc.
713-397-1246
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