photonic integration: a key enabler for digital optical networks
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Photonic Integration: A Key Enabler for Digital Optical Networks
Rick HafeyDirector of Sales, Research & Education
rhafey@infinera.com
Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 2
Agenda
! Electronics & Optics in Next-Generation Networks
! Photonic Integration as an enabler
!Digital Optical Network Applications
Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 3
Agenda
! Electronics & Optics in Next-Generation Networks
! Photonic Integration as an enabler
!Digital Optical Network Applications
Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 4
Roles of Optics and Electronicsin Next Generation Networks
! Optics enables capacity scalability (WDM) and reach (optical amplification)
! Electronics (& software) enable…1. Network functionality:
! Switching, protection, performance monitoring2. Service delivery:
! SLA management, add/drop, grooming3. Performance improvement:
! Forward Error Correction! Electronic Dispersion Compensation! Data coding/modulation techniques
everything else
Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 5
Benefits of Electronics in Optical Networks
Reach Improvement- G.709 standard defines 6dB gain FEC (Reed-Solomon)
- High-gain FEC provides optical gain of 8dB to 9dB
- Corrects BER of 10-3 to BER of 10-17
- Cost per chip: 10’s to 100’s of $
Dispersion Compensation- FFE and DFE can compensate upwards of 1000ps/nm
- MLSE can correct upwards of 3000ps/nm dispersion
- Significant space savings vs. DCF- Cost per device: 10’s of $
PM and Operations- OTH and SONET/SDH Overhead- Extensive digital PM at all OEO nodes
- J0/B1, BIP-8- FEC bit error rate monitoring- Communication channels for OAM&P
- SONET/SDH DCC and OTH TCM
Switching- Wide choice of switching/grooming
granularity (STS1, ODU-1, packet)- Fundamental to managing and
grooming customer services - Highest level of reconfigurability- Cost per chip: 10’s to 100’s of $
Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 6
Relative Costs of OEO – The “O” vs. the “E”
! High cost of OEO conversion compared to the cost for manipulating the data
! Implementing feature-rich network & service functionality incurs a cost premium
! Silicon cost is not the problem……it is the conversion cost from Optical to Electronic domains
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
DWDM Laser
10G M
odulat
or + D
river
10G R
eceive
r + TIA
50GHz R
OADM port
VT-1.5 Switc
h (10G)
STS-1 Switc
h (160
G)
ODU-1 Switc
h (40
0G)
Rel
ativ
e C
osts
per
10G
Accessing the Data Manipulating the Data
Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 7
Agenda
! Electronics & Optics in Next-Generation Networks
! Photonic Integration as an enabler
!Digital Optical Network Applications
Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 8
Cost Structure of DWDM
Modulator EDFA DCM OSCLaserDetector!-Locker
Band 1
Band N
Band 1
Band N
Wavelength 1
Wavelength M
Wavelength 1
Wavelength M
ChannelMux/Demux
BandMux/Demux
Conventional DWDM System
Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 9
100Gb/s Transmit
100Gb/s Receive
The Solution: Photonic Integrated Circuits
Large-Scale Photonic Integration re-enables benefits of OEO conversion with no space,
power, or cost penalty
100Gb/s DWDM “System-on-a-Chip”
5mm
Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 10
Introducing a New Cost Structure…R
elat
ive
Cos
t per
10G
1995 1998 2001 2004
1
10
100
Existing discrete components
Large-ScalePhotonic Integration
! Reduction fiber couplings! Reduce optical packages! Less power! Improved reliability! Higher system density! Lower OEO cost
Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 11
Photonic Integration Enables a “Digital” Network
! Use (analog) photonics for what it does best: transmission! Use (digital) electronics for everything else – more functionality / lower cost! Consistent with other network elements: SONET/SDH, switches, routers …
Digital ElectronicsDigital Electronics& Software& Software
Signal regenerationSignal regenerationError correctionError correctionPerformance monitoringPerformance monitoringSubSub--!"!"add/dropadd/dropSubSub--!! Grooming & switching Grooming & switching MultiMulti--Service MultiplexingService MultiplexingProtectionProtection
Integrated Photonics
Integrated Photonics
Integrated Photonics
Integrated Photonics
optical (analog) electrical (digital) optical (analog)
Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 12
Infinera PIC Reliability3,500,000 Hours of Field Operation with Zero Field Failures
0500
1000
1500200025003000
35004000
1Q05
2Q05
3Q05
4Q05
1Q06
May-06
Cum
ulat
ive
Hou
rs o
f PIC
Ope
ratio
n (0
00's
)
! PIC-based systems commercially deployed, in-service, since 4Q/2004! >3.5M hours of PIC operation in the field and zero failures! Well-established manufacturing process
Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 13
Network Bandwidth Growth vs. Device Data RateD
ata
Cap
acity
Per
Chi
p (G
b/s)
Current IP Network CAGR: 70-100%
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10000
1975 1985 1995 2005 2015
DMLEML
Tunable EMLwith SOA
DWDM PICs400 Gb/s
100 Gb/s
1.6 Tb/sDevelopmentDevices
Data rate per device has remained at 10Gb/s for >10 years
Only Photonic Integration Enables Continued Cost-Effective Scaling of Network Capacity
Data rate has doubled every ~2.2 years
Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 14
PIC Scaling Beyond 100G1.6Tbit/s DWDM Large-Scale PIC Transmitter
Optical Output
!1... !4040 x 40Gbit/s
CH1
CH40
Powe
r Fla
tteni
ng
EA M
odul
ator
Tuna
ble D
FB
AW
G M
ultip
lexe
r
Pow
er M
onito
r
DC Electrical Bias and Control
40 x 40Gbit/s Electrical Input
Pow
er M
onito
r
Optical Output
!1... !4040 x 40Gbit/s
CH1
CH40
Powe
r Fla
tteni
ng
EA M
odul
ator
Tuna
ble D
FB
AW
G M
ultip
lexe
r
Pow
er M
onito
r
DC Electrical Bias and Control
40 x 40Gbit/s Electrical Input
Pow
er M
onito
r
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
Nor
mal
ized
Out
put P
ower
(dB
)
1.5651.5601.5551.550
Wavelength (µm)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
…40 channels x 40 Gb/s
Announced at OFC 2006…
Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 15
IP Link Sizes Exceed Optical DataratesIP Core Now Requires “Super-!” Services
0.1
1
10
100
1000
1Q94 1Q96 1Q98 1Q00 1Q02 1Q04 1Q06 1Q08
Avg Wave Datarate Capacity between adjacent core routers
Gig
abits
per
Sec
ond
40Sub-! Links
PPP over SONET
! LinksPOS over DWDM
Super-! LinksEthernet over
PICs
Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 16
Photonic Integration
! It’s about….! Capacity virtualization
! Add/Drop, Groom, Switch across entire DWDM line and trib capacity – not one ! at a time
! Investment protection! Scalable platform able to support any new high-
bandwidth service: 40G soon and 100GbE not far behind
! No-touch network scalability! Add new services (40G, 100GbE) on existing network! No need to change…link designs, end-end reach, PMD
compensation, dispersion maps, amplifier gain, etc…
Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 17
Agenda
! Electronics & Optics in Next-Generation Networks
! Photonic Integration as an enabler
! Digital Optical Network Applications! Regional State Networks
! Internet2
! Next-Gen IP Networks
Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 18
Regional State NetworkWavelength Routing in ROADM Networks
32-40 ! WDM
! Allocate bandwidth on ROADM ring using available !’s! Extending ROADM network consumes !’s end-end! Blocking consumes extra !’s or requires OEO for !"conversion! This creates stranded bandwidth and faster capacity exhaust! This adds scaling complexity when considering….
…Protection; Many demands; Large networks; Multi-degree nodal connectivity! Reconfigurability & flexibility can be limited by end-end !-blocking
Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 19
Regional State NetworkReconfigurable “Digital” Add/Drop
! Switched WDM with sub-! grooming at all nodes ! Removes wavelength blocking constraints – any point to any point! Maximizes WDM capacity on every link - no stranded bandwidth! “Switched WDM” eliminates back-to-back transponder connections! “Mix and match” of 1G, 2.5G, 10G and 40G services on any wavelength! Scales with network capacity, number of nodes, network size/distance
N x 100G WDMN x 100G WDM
N x 100G WDM
N x 100G WDM
Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 20
Regional State NetworkExpand Member Access
! Cost-effectively increase service footprint to many cities/institutions
! Easy connectivity & service reconfiguration between members
! In-service “site conversion”to Add/Drop
! End-end service delivery over 100Gb/s bandwidth ! Reduce costs! Simplify overbuilds! Shorten service delivery
times?
?
? ??
?
??
?TAM
TAM
TAM
TAMTAM
TAM
Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 21
“All-Optical” Service Provisioning & Engineering
! “All-Optical” ROADM network ties the service to the wavelength! Service provisioning becomes limited by optical engineering rules! End-end service turn-up limited by:
! Distance, amplification, fiber type, dispersion, PMD ! Number of add/drop nodes! Frequency of add/drop! Fault sectionalization & trouble-shooting
! Service provisioning becomes an engineering calculation
A – Z ServiceDemand
Wavelength for A – Z Service
??
Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 22
“Digital” Service Provisioning & Engineering
! Full Digital OAM&P at each Digital Node! Optical link and impairments management isolated between nodes ! Optical service layer independent of optical transmission layer! Eliminates all constraints on end-end service path! Enhance access to PM and OAM&P data at all nodes! Simplify network planning, system engineering and service turn-up
DigitalNode
DigitalNode
DigitalNode
DigitalNode
DigitalNode
A – Z ServiceDemand
“4R” OEO-based management
Optical link management isolated between nodes
Digital Link
Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 23
1. Deploy WDM line capacity in 100G increments with singleline card
2. “Bandwidth Ready Network” for new end-user demands3. Order tributary client interfaces only at end points4. Install tribs, activate, and test5. Connect to member…. In-service wave6. And repeat…. reduce overbuilds, less planning, etc.
Internet2: Rapid Service Delivery
Service Order:10G wave service from San Francisco to DC
Service Order:10G wave service from San Francisco to DC
Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 24
Switching in WDM NetworksPoint-to-Point DWDM Architecture Limitations
Junction sites limited by:! Manual back-back O-E-O
interconnects! Or…use OXC for 2.5G/10G
service automation! Many O-E-O’s for pass-
through & drop traffic
Pass-through “express” traffic
Add/Drop “local” traffic
OXC
OO OO OO OO
OO OO OO OO
OOOOOO
OO
OOOOOO
OO
O-E-O
O-E-O
O-E-O O-E-O
O-E-OO-E-O
O-E-OO-E-O
O-E
-O
O-E
-O
O-E
-OO
-E-O
Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 25
Switching in WDM NetworksSwitched WDM Unifies Transport and Bandwidth Management
Simplified nodal architecture:! Reduce number & cost of OEO
! Automate end-end 2.5G & 10G service provisioning with DTN
! Use OXC/MSPP for grooming at network edge
Sub-! muxing(STS-1/VC-4)
Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 26
GMPLS Intelligence at Every Node
Restoration capability in the transport layer
GMPLS-enabled auto-provisioning at all nodes
UNI interface for client signaling to Digital Network
UNI-C GMPLS topology auto-discovery: physical and circuit topology
Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 27
ADM
ADM ADM
ADM
ADM
ADM
ADM ADMADM
ADM
ADM
ADM
ADM
Digital Optical Network
SONET/SDH Network
IP Network
Next-Gen IP Networks
IP over WDM
Evolving Next-Gen IP Networks:• Affordable multi-!"capacity• Reconfigurable switched WDM• Support for 10GbE, 40G and future 100GbE• Robust optical layer protection• GMPLS end-end service management• UNI interface for inter-network signaling
Transport, protection and management of 2.5G/10G POS and 10GbE trunks
Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 28
Architecture Impacts of Digital Networks
! Unconstrained reconfigurability at every node! Sub-! granularity possible for grooming, switching &
add/drop ! Consolidate DWDM transport & switching in core! Topology/distance-independent service activation! Support linear, ring and mesh topologies! Integrated sub-! protection & restoration! Integrated end-end GMPLS control plane
Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 29
100 Gb/s Transmit
100 Gb/s Receive
Integration: Heart of a New Strategy
Thank You
rhafey@infinera.com
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