photosynthesis vs. respiration
Post on 31-Dec-2015
43 Views
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
The activities of all living things require energy. Swimming, flying, growing, reproducing, and even the flashing of a firefly use energy.
Fuels that power organisms
The lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates that you already studied about are the fuels that power organisms.
Cell Energy (Photosynthesis and Respiration) Notes
Energy: ability to do work; forms of energy include: heat, light, chemical, electrical, mechanical, kinetic and potential.• Energy for living things comes from food. Originally,
the energy in food comes from the sun.
• Organisms that use light energy from the sun to produce food—autotrophs (auto = self)Ex: plants and some microorganisms (some bacteria and protists)
• Organisms that CANNOT use the sun’s energy to make food—heterotrophs – obtain energy from food they consume.Ex: animals and most microorganisms
Cell Energy – needed for active transport, making proteins and nucleic acids, chemical signals (Fireflies’ light)
• Cells usable source of energy is called ATP• ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate
adenine3 Phosphate groups
ribose
• All energy is stored in the bonds of compounds—breaking the bond releases the energy
• When the cell has energy available it can store this energy by adding a phosphate group to ADP, producing ATP
D. Example: ATP ADP + P + E from breaking bond
ADP + Energy + P ATP
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bbtqF9q_pFw&NR=1
Photosynthesis - the process by which the energy of sunlight is converted into the energy of glucose
A. General Formula:
H2O + CO2 + light C6H12O6 + O2
water + carbon dioxide + light glucose + oxygen
B. 2 parts of photosynthesis:
1. light reaction – forms ATP and NADPH – contain chemical E, but are unstable
2. Calvin cycle (dark reaction) – uses E from ATP and NADPH to
produce glucose
• Light absorbing (and reflecting) compounds are called Pigments.
• Most common photosynthetic compound are chlorophyll (a + b)
• Absorbs light energy needed for photosynthesis to work• The light color we see is the color being reflected
• Chlorophyll is the pigment inside the chloroplast the absorbs light for photosynthesis
As the chlorophyll in leaves decays in the autumn, the green color fades and is replaced by the oranges and reds of carotenoids.
• Diagram Reactants
Products
LightH2O CO2
O2
C6H12O6
Glucose
Chloroplast
LightDependent
Reaction
Calvin Cycle
NADP+ADP + P
ATPNADPH
Thylakoid
Stroma – Calvin Cycle occurs here
Summary:• Light Dependent
Reaction—H2O is broken down and light energy is stored temporarily in inorganic energy carriers, ATP and NADPH
• Calvin Cycle—energy is transferred from ATP and NADPH to the organic compound glucose
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sQK3Yr4Sc_k
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eo5XndJaz-Y
Cellular Respiration: (2 kinds—Aerobic and Anaerobic)• Cellular respiration is the process by which the energy
of glucose is released in the cell to be used for life processes (movement, breathing, blood circulation, etc…)
• Cells require a constant source of energy for life processes but keep only a small amount of ATP on hand. Cells can regenerate ATP as needed by using the energy stored in foods like glucose.
• The energy stored in glucose by photosynthesis is released by cellular respiration and repackaged into the energy of ATP.
Aerobic Respiration: requires oxygen• Occurs in the mitochondria of the cell• Total of 36 ATP molecules produced• General formula for aerobic respiration:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6 CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATPglucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water + energy
Human cells contain a specialized structure – the
mitochondrion – that generates energy.
• Diagram
Glucose GlycolysisElectron
Transport Chain
2
Krebs Cycle
Mitochondria
In Cytoplasm
2 32
Electrons carried in NADH
Electrons carried in NADH and
FADH2
C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O + 36 ATP
**E transferred from glucose to ATP
3 stages of aerobic respiration:1. Glycolysis – cytoplasm, 2 ATP2. Krebs cycle – mitochondria, 2 ATP3. Electron Transport Chain – mitochondria, 32 ATP
36 ATPtotal
Glucose1 6-C molec.
Glycolysis
Pyruvic Acid2 3-C molec.
Cytoplasm2 322
MitochondriaCO2
released
Krebscycle E. T. C.
High E e- carried in NADH
High E e- carried in NADH and FADH2
H2O released
O2
AEROBIC
Anaerobic Respiration: occurs when no oxygen is available to the cell (2 kinds: Alcoholic and Lactic Acid)• Also called fermentation• Much less ATP produced than in aerobic respiration
• Alcoholic fermentation—occurs in bacteria and yeast
Process used in the baking and brewing industry—yeast produces CO2 gas during fermentation to make dough rise and give bread
its holesglucose ethyl alcohol + carbon dioxide + 2 ATP
• Lactic acid fermentation—occurs in muscle cells
Lactic acid is produced in the muscles during rapid exercise when the body cannot supply enough oxygen to the tissues—causes burning sensation in muscles
glucose lactic acid + carbon dioxide + 2 ATP
glycolysis
Anaerobic Respiration
Alcoholic fermentationBacteria, Yeast 2 ATP
Lactic acid fermentationMuscle cells 2 ATP
Aerobic Respiration36 ATP
ETC
Mitochondria
Krebs Cycle
Cytoplasm
• First step in anaerobic respiration is also glycolysis
Diagram
C6H12O6
glucose
Glucose1 6-C molec.
Glycolysis
Pyruvic Acid2 3-C molec.
Fermentation
Alcoholic Lactic Acid
YeastBacteria muscles
2Cytoplasm
ANAEROBIC
Mitochondria
• Put in order….– What is the formula for photosynthesis?
– What is the formula for cellular respiration?
– With your lab partner discuss what is similar/different about the two formulas.(BE PREPARED TO SHARE WITH THE CLASS)
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=00jbG_cfGuQ
top related