place and position learning in honeybees (apis mellifera)

Place and Position Learning in Honeybees (Apis mellifera)

Huber, B., Couvillon, P.A. and Bitterman, M. E.

Journal of Comparative Psychology

1994, Vol. 108, No. 3, 213-219

Title – key words

Abstract – all pertinent informationSubjects, task, results

Introduction – background information sets the stageCitations in parenthesesStarted with the big questionGeneral information about place/position learning (rats)Specific -what is known about beesWhat is the knowledge gap..? (purpose of study)

What is the difference between place and position learning?

Figure 1. A sketch of the experimental situation, which shows the two targets, 10 cm apart, centered on the 90 X 180 cm top of the training table.

How were the subjects recruited?

How were they identified?

Any subject characteristics?

What is measured (DV)?(2 variables).

How do they measure?1?

2?

Experiment 1

What was the purpose of Experiment 1?

S+S-

Experiment 1

What was the IV?How many levels? ? ?

Stimuli

S+

S-

40 cm10cm10V

For each level:What was the configuration & for how many bees?What did it test?

East

S+ S-

40 cm10cm

For each level:What was the configuration & for how many bees?What did it test?

East

S+ S-10V

For each level:What was the configuration & for how many bees?What did it test?

East

S+ S-10V

For each level:What was the configuration & for how many bees?What did it test?

East

S+ S-

10V

For each level:What was the configuration & for how many bees?What did it test?

East

S+ S-

10V

For each level:What was the configuration & for how many bees?What did it test?

East

Figure 2. The course of acquisition under five conditions inwhich the position of the pair of targets remained the same. 40 = Group 40; 10 = Group 10;

Figure 3. Performance in the extinction test of the three groupstrained with the targets alone in Experiment 1.

What remained unanswered?

Figure 4. The target and landmark configuration of Experiment 2, the target and bar configuration of Experiment 3, and the target and shield configuration of Experiment 4.

Experiment 2

What is the IV?

What does it test?

S+ S-

For each level:What was the configuration & for how many bees?What did it test?

East

LPLN

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For each level:What was the configuration & for how many bees?What did it test?

East

LP

S+ S-

For each level:What was the configuration & for how many bees?What did it test?

East

LN

Figure 2. The course of acquisition under five conditions in which the position of the pair of targets remained the same.L = Groups LP and LN (both trained with the landmark);

S+ S-

For each level:What was the configuration & for how many bees?What did it test?

East

LPRLNR

S+

S-

For each level:What was the configuration & for how many bees?What did it test?

East

S+S-

For each level:What was the configuration & for how many bees?What did it test?

East

S+

S-

For each level:What was the configuration & for how many bees?What did it test?

East

Figure 5. Performance in the extinction test of the groups trainedwith the landmark in Experiment 2.

What did they find in experiment 2?

How does this relate to the design of experiment 3?

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Experiment 3For each level:What was the configuration & for how many bees?What did it test?

East

BNBSBDBOBR

S+ S-

For each level:What was the configuration & for how many bees?What did it test?

East

BN

BS

S+ S-

For each level:What was the configuration & for how many bees?What did it test?

East

BD

training

extinction

BO

No barIn extinction

Figure 2. The course of acquisition under five conditions in which the position of the pair of targets remained the same.L = Groups LP and LN (both trained with the landmark); B = Groups BN, BS, BD, and BO (all trained with the bar);

S+ S-

For each level:What was the configuration & for how many bees?What did it test?

East

BR

S+

S-

For each level:What was the configuration & for how many bees?What did it test?

East

BR

Figure 6. Performance in the extinction test of the groups trained with the bar in Experiment 3.

What did experiment 3 show?

How does this relate to the design of experiment 4?

S+ S-

How many bees?What did it test?

East

Experiment 4

Figure 2. The course of acquisition under five conditions in which the position of the pair of targets remained the same.L = Groups LP and LN (both trained with the landmark); B = Groups BN, BS, BD, and BO (all trained with the bar); S = Group S (trained with the shield).

Figure 7. Performance in the extinction test of the group trainedwith the shield in Experiment 4.

Conclusions?

Extraneous variables?

What might you do next?