plants & botany
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Plants & BotanyPlants & BotanyNon – Vascular Plants, Non – Vascular Plants,
Gymnosperms & AngiospermsGymnosperms & Angiosperms
PlantsPlants Domain: EukaryaDomain: Eukarya Kingdom: PlantaeKingdom: Plantae
What do we already know?What do we already know?
1.1. EukaryoticEukaryotic
2.2. Autotrophic – Autotrophic – photosyntheticphotosynthetic
3.3. MulticellularMulticellular
4.4. Have ChloroplastsHave Chloroplasts
5.5. Cell walls made of Cell walls made of carbohydrate cellulosecarbohydrate cellulose
Classification of PlantsClassification of Plants
Plantae
Vascular PlantsNon – Vascular
Plants
Angiosperms (Flowering Plants w/ coated seeds)
Gymnosperms(NAKED Seeds)
EX: Mosses
EX: Sunflower EX: Pine Tree
Two Major CategoriesTwo Major Categories
Non - Vascular PlantsNon - Vascular Plants Vascular PlantsVascular Plants
Non – Vascular PlantsNon – Vascular Plants Smaller PlantsSmaller Plants No tube systems for transporting materialsNo tube systems for transporting materials Live close to water to absorb nutrients by Live close to water to absorb nutrients by
diffusiondiffusion NO roots, stems, or leaves!!!NO roots, stems, or leaves!!!
EX: Mosses, LiverwortsEX: Mosses, Liverworts
Where do you think these are in terms of Where do you think these are in terms of evolution?evolution?
Vascular PlantsVascular Plants
Have tube-like cells to transport water, food, & Have tube-like cells to transport water, food, & minerals (similar to our veins!)minerals (similar to our veins!)
Usually LargerUsually Larger Can live farther from water b/c they don’t rely on Can live farther from water b/c they don’t rely on
diffusiondiffusion Phloem – tubes that move the food (sugar) DOWN Phloem – tubes that move the food (sugar) DOWN
from the food producing leavesfrom the food producing leaves Xylem – tubes that move water & minerals UP Xylem – tubes that move water & minerals UP
from the soilfrom the soil Two Types – Angiosperms & GymnospermsTwo Types – Angiosperms & Gymnosperms
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://universe-review.ca/I10-24-vascular.jpg&imgrefurl=http://universe-review.ca/R10-34-anatomy2.htm&h=376&w=544&sz=54&hl=en&start=2&um=1&tbnid=Qi5FYw4BmpiS1M:&tbnh=92&tbnw=133&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dflower%2Bxylem%2Bphloem%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN
Adaptations for life on landAdaptations for life on land
Waxy Cuticle – Waxy Cuticle – prevents water loss prevents water loss (transpiration)(transpiration)
Seed = embryo and Seed = embryo and food supply protected food supply protected by a coveringby a covering
- prevents drying out, - prevents drying out, and helps seed and helps seed dispersiondispersion
Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Ginkgo_embryo_and_gametophyte.jpg/768px-Ginkgo_embryo_and_gametophyte.jpg
Source: http://pubs.caes.uga.edu/caespubs/pubcd/images/2d.jpg
Adaptations continued…Adaptations continued… Spores – reproductive Spores – reproductive
cell or gamete cell or gamete protected by a protected by a coveringcovering
Stomata – pores in Stomata – pores in leaves that open and leaves that open and close for gas exchange close for gas exchange (respiration!)(respiration!)
RootsRoots StemsStems Leaves – help absorb Leaves – help absorb
light for photosynthesis. light for photosynthesis. (food energy!!) BIGGER (food energy!!) BIGGER = more photosynthesis= more photosynthesis
Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Fern_spores_P1180804.jpg
StomataStomata
Gas Exchange Gas Exchange – Oxygen and – Oxygen and water out, water out, Carbon Carbon Dioxide inDioxide in
Controlled by Controlled by guard cellsguard cells
Adaptations continued…Adaptations continued…
RootsRoots- Anchor Plant- Anchor Plant- Absorb water and - Absorb water and mineralsminerals- Store starch and become - Store starch and become foodfood
StemsStems- Transport materials- Transport materials- Support- Support- Vascular System- Vascular System
Source: Source: http://media-http://media-2.web.britannica.c2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/97/5om/eb-media/97/5597-004-597-004-AC4B60C5.gifAC4B60C5.gif
Adaptations Cont… LeavesAdaptations Cont… Leaves Flat, thin organ for Flat, thin organ for
photosynthesisphotosynthesis High surface areaHigh surface area
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://fig.cox.miami.edu/Faculty/Dana/leafshape.jpg&imgrefurl=http://fig.cox.miami.edu/Faculty/Dana/16002_12.html&h=272&w=720&sz=26&hl=en&start=21&um=1&tbnid=06KWY1jAiK2UrM:&tbnh=53&tbnw=140&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsimple%2Band%2Bcompound%2Bleaf%26start%3D20%26ndsp%3D20%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN
Vascular PlantsVascular Plants GymnospermsGymnosperms
NAKED seedsNAKED seeds
AngiospermsAngiosperms
Flowering Plants – Flowering Plants – Coated SeedsCoated Seeds
Source: http://adamschneider.net/photos/2006-02-gr/image/img_0422.jpg
GymnospermsGymnosperms
Usually Conifers Usually Conifers (Evergreen or Pine Trees)(Evergreen or Pine Trees)
Make pine cones as the Make pine cones as the naked seeds for naked seeds for reproductionreproduction
Wind Pollinated from male Wind Pollinated from male cone pollen to female conecone pollen to female cone
Fertilized gamete (zygote) Fertilized gamete (zygote) develops into an an develops into an an embryo and is dropped to embryo and is dropped to the groundthe ground
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conifer
http://www.prairiefrontier.com/pages/flwrfamlys.html&h=99&w=130&sz=27&tbnid=DUOIA2M6J84J:&tbnh=99&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dflower%2Bparts&hl=en&sa=X&oi=image_result&resnum=1&ct=image&cd=3www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.prairiefrontier.com/pages/families/flwrparts.jpg&imgrefurl=http://
Pollen produced in anther
Where eggs are produced
Angiosperms – Flowering PlantsAngiosperms – Flowering Plants
Stamen (male)Stamen (male)
Anther – makes pollen Anther – makes pollen grains.grains.
When the grains are When the grains are fully grown, the anther fully grown, the anther splits open to drop the splits open to drop the pollenpollen
Pistil (female)Pistil (female)
Stigma (sticky)Stigma (sticky) StyleStyle Ovary (holds the Ovary (holds the
ovules)ovules) Ovules (eggs)Ovules (eggs)
PollinationPollination
Flowering plants use Flowering plants use wind, insects, bats, wind, insects, bats, birds, and mammals to birds, and mammals to transfer pollen from the transfer pollen from the male (stamen) part of male (stamen) part of the flower to the the flower to the female (stigma) part of female (stigma) part of the flowerthe flower
Pollen is plant SPERM flying through the air!
PollinationPollination
When the insect visits When the insect visits another flower of another flower of the same type, the the same type, the pollenpollen will stick to will stick to the the stigmastigma..
This is called This is called pollination.pollination.
Co-evolution of bees & flowersCo-evolution of bees & flowersMutual evolutionary influenceMutual evolutionary influence
Flowering Plants – Flowering Plants – AngiospermsAngiosperms
Need pollinationNeed pollination
BeesBees Use pollen and nectar Use pollen and nectar
as a food sourceas a food source
FertilizationFertilization
The The pollenpollen travels travels to the to the ovaryovary, , where it joins with where it joins with an an ovule.ovule.
This is called
fertilization.
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