pm & ozone audit committee –plan update

PM & Ozone Audit Committee –Plan Update

CRAZ AGMMay 18, 2011

www.craz.ca

To monitor, analyse and provide information on air quality and develop strategies to manage air quality issues within CRAZ. To have air quality that is not harmful to human health and the environment.

• Introduction / Brief Committee History• Provincial and Local Background on Ozone • Update on CRAZ PM and O3 Mgmt Plan• Possible CRAZ Strategies for Future O3 Mgmt / Reduction• Discussion

Outline

• Judy Stewart, Cochrane Environmental Action Coalition• Jesse Row, Pembina Institute• Ken Robertson, The City of Calgary• Craig Knaus, Alberta Environment• Jill Bloor, CRAZ Executive Director• Dennis Stefani (chair), Alberta Health Services

Committee Members

• Inform the Board • annual updates assessing the status and

achievement of CRAZ PM and O3 Management Plan deliverables

• Make recommendations to the Board• for achieving PM & O3 Mgmt Plan deliverables

October 2008

Terms of Reference

• Ground level Ozone is a secondary pollutant

• O3 consumed in urban area by NO to form NO2

– enhanced O3 generation downwind of urban areas

Ozone Formation

• Humans Acute Exposure Effects– Respiratory illness, ER visits & admissions, death

• Vegetation Chronic Exposure Effects– Leaf injury, decreased growth, reduced

agricultural crop yields and crop quality

O3 Adverse Effects

Alberta PM & O3 Mgmt Plan

AB Plan

• 4th Highest 8-hour Ozone• 2006

EnvC, Fox & Kellerhas 2007

• 4th Highest 8-hour Ozone• 2006 Future Scenario

EnvC, Fox & Kellerhas 2007

• AE Nov. 23 2006 letter to Calgary CMA Municipalities– Ozone levels are “assigned to the Management Plan action

level.” – “stakeholders…need to work together to develop a plan

aimed at maintaining and improving air quality”– “Alberta Environment may choose to impose a management

plan”– “management plan …could include voluntary and/or

regulatory mechanisms” – “ensure stakeholders share responsibility for air quality”

AENV Notification

Calgary CMA

CRAZ Boundary

• 6 Key Themes • One of the best air quality regions in Canada• Improving air quality encourages economic growth• Land use planning promotes good air quality• Promote awareness of air quality issues• Agencies work together to improve air quality and

share responsibility• Pursue science and research December

2008

CRAZ PM & O3 Mgmt

Plan

• 30 passives air monitoring network (NOx, SO2, O3)• Emission Inventory to be revised• Annual trend analysis - many parameters decreasing

(e.g., PM2.5, NO2, benzene), but O3 increased 14 & 30%

• CBSM Campaigns to Encourage Car Pooling• Need for stakeholders to revisit the CRAZ PM O3

Mgmt Plan• Develop a strategy or plan for O3 reduction

CRAZ Plan Update

• 30 passives air monitoring network (NOx, SO2, O3)• Emission Inventory to be revised• Annual trend analysis - many parameters decreasing

(e.g., PM2.5, NO2, benzene), but O3 increased 14 & 30%

• CBSM Campaigns to Encourage Car Pooling• Need for stakeholders to revisit the CRAZ PM O3

Mgmt Plan• Develop a strategy or plan for O3 reduction

CRAZ Plan Update

• Determining an O3 Reduction Strategy Requires:• Identifying & ranking the O3 precursor emission

sources• Effect of different emission reduction scenarios on

O3 levels• Developing strategic priorities • Ongoing dialogue with the Board leading to final

recommendations

Setting an O3 Strategy

• Sector Contribution to O3 Levels in Calgary (EnvC, Fox et al 2007)

• Top 3:• Oil & Gas• On Road• Transboundary

Where does O3 come from?

Novus Environmental O3 Precursor Report (March 2011)

• NOx/VOC ratios

• City of Calgary & downwind are VOC-limited

• Rural CRAZ is NOx-limited (low level of confidence)

What drives O3 Formation in CRAZ?

• Combined NOx Rural & VOC Urban+ Strategy

–NOx Rural If Confirmed

–VOC Urban+

Possible CRAZ O3 Strategies (1 of 4)

• Combined NOx Rural & VOC Urban+ Strategy OR VOC Urban+ Strategy–NOx Rural (If Confirmed)

–VOC Urban+

Possible CRAZ O3 Strategies (1 of 4)

• NOx Rural & VOC Urban+ OR VOC Urban+–NOx Rural (If Confirmed)• Emission reduction scenarios for Oil and Gas

Industry (Consultation with Gas Sector & AE)• Transportation (Municipal Planning / CBSM)• Top CRAZ NOx Emission Sources: Oil & Gas, Rail,

Rock Industry, Off Road Diesel, On Road Trucks

Possible CRAZ O3 Strategies (2 of 4)

• NOx Rural & VOC Urban+ OR VOC Urban+–NOx Rural (If Confirmed)• Emission reduction scenarios for Oil and Gas

Industry (Consultation with Gas Sector & AE)• Transportation (Municipal Planning / CBSM)• Top CRAZ NOx Emission Sources: Oil & Gas, Rail,

Rock Industry, Off Road Diesel, On Road Trucks• Uncertainties Require Clarification

Possible CRAZ O3 Strategies (2 of 4)

• NOx Rural & VOC Urban+ or VOC Urban+– NOx Rural (If Confirmed)– Uncertainties Requiring Clarification• Updated Emission Inventory (large & small sources)• Additional Modelling – Sensitivity Analysis – what Sector sources are

driving O3– Clarify emission reduction scenarios to achieve

target O3 – Clarify current and future (growth) emissions and

O3

Possible CRAZ O3 Strategies (3 of 4)

• NOx Rural & VOC Urban+ OR VOC Urban+ –VOCs Urban+ - Top GoA Unregulated Sources

• #1 Livestock Operations (X-urban)• #2 General Solvent - outreach to businesses and the public

(awareness / incentive campaigns, partnering with others)• Light Duty Gasoline #3 Trucks and #5 Vehicles (via Transportation)• #4 Refined Petroleum Prod. Retail - vapour capture at gas stations• Green Spaces / Tree Planning and Conservation Campaigns• Lawn and Garden Gasoline Powered Equipment

Possible CRAZ O3 Strategies (4 of 4)

• Rural Strategy - NOx Limited– Transportation and Oil & Gas Industry (EnvC, Fox et

al. 2007 & Novus Environmental 2011)

• Urban or all CRAZ Strategy - VOC Limited – Novus & My Sustainable Canada Reports 2011

Supporting Studies to Proposed Strategies (1 of

2)

• Rural Strategy - NOx Limited• Urban or all CRAZ Strategy - VOC Limited (Novus &

My Sustainable Canada Report 2011 and ???)• Top 6 GoA UnRegulated VOC Sources

• #1 Livestock Operations X-urban• #2 General Solvent Use • #3 Light Duty Gasoline Trucks (via Transportation)• #4 Refined Petroleum Products Retail • #5 Light Duty Gasoline Vehicles (via Transportation)• Two Stroke Gasoline Engines (lawn & garden) considered

high (no data in existing emissions inventory, MSC Report)

Supporting Studies to Proposed Strategies (2 of

2)

• Updated Emission Inventory (incl. small sources)• Include small 2 stroke engines (lawn & garden)• Refined Petroleum Products Retail • Vegetation• Further characterization of sources within various

categories (e.g., Oil and Gas Industry, what sources are driving O3 formation).

• Possible Future Strategic Research• Additional modelling focusing on NOx and VOC

sensitivity & reduction scenarios and impact on O3

CRAZ O3 Strategy –

future needs

• Proposed General Approach for Emissions Reduction (any approach requires Board Consensus)• GoA Non Regulated Sources• Public Engagement• Advocate for Municipal Enactments / Initiatives

• GoA Regulated Sources• Voluntary – advocacy role (e.g., with Oil & Gas Sector)• Involuntary – advocate for AE to regulate

CRAZ O3 Reduction Strategy Overview

• Municipal decisions can influence exposure potential and reduce emissions• Industrial: zoning by-laws; setbacks; impact

studies; mitigation requirements• Transportation: local and regional roads and

provision of public transportation• Residential/commercial/institutional: property

zoning and development approval (interfaces)• Fugitive: property standards (e.g., paving of

parking lots)

• Source: Novus Environmental

CRAZ O3 Reduction –

Municipal Role

Any further Questions or Comments?

To monitor, analyse and provide information on air quality and develop strategies to manage air quality issues within CRAZ. To have air quality that is not harmful to human health and the environment.

www.craz.ca

- EXTRA SLIDES

To monitor, analyse and provide information on air quality and develop strategies to manage air quality issues within CRAZ. To have air quality that is not harmful to human health and the environment.

www.craz.ca

To monitor, analyse and provide information on air quality and develop strategies to manage air quality issues within CRAZ. To have air quality that is not harmful to human health and the environment.

www.craz.ca

Regional EmissionsDistribution

(EnvC,Fox &Kellerhals2008)

Primary O3 Sources

CRAZ• Transportation• Oil & Gas• Transboundary (out of province)

(EnvC,Fox &Kellerhals2008)

Source : Environment Canada

Primary O3 Sources

Top 3 Sources Responsible For CRAZ Exceedances• Transportation• Oil & Gas• Transboundary (out of province)

(EnvC,Fox &Kellerhals2006)

Primary O3 Sources

Predicted 4th Highest O3 8-hour(EnvC, Fox &Kellerhals, 2007)

Calgary & Area Hot Spot

Increased Susceptibility

Who is Vulnerable?

Predicted 4th Highest O3 8-hour(EnvC, Fox &Kellerhals, 2007)

This is a possibleSlide for deletion

Calgary & Area Hot Spot

AB PM/O3 Mgmt Plan O3Exeedance Analysis before Back Outs (AB Env 2007)

Before Back Outs

AB PM/O3 Mgmt Plan O3Exeedance Analysis after Back Outs (AB Env 2007)

After Back Outs