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POLARITY and
PROPERTIES
Turn in HW before class
Objectives
◻ Identify bond strengths based upon type of bond.
◻ Define polarity
◻ Apply VSEPR theory to predict the overall polarity of a molecule.
◻ Predict the properties of a molecule based on the type of molecule (Ionic, NPC, PC, Metallic)
WARM-UP:
Draw and predict the shape of the following:
(1) H2S
(2) CBr4
HOMEWORK CHECK
N/A
HOMEWORK REVIEW: ◻ VSEPR THEORY PRACTICE WORKSHEET
IDENTIFY BOND STRENGTHS BASED UPON TYPE OF BOND
Covalent Bond - RECALL
Bonds are formed by SHARING electrons
If the 2 atoms share equally (usually the 2 atoms are identical) the bond is Non Polar Covalent NPC
If the 2 atoms share unequally the bond is Polar Covalent PC
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_M9khs87xQ8
What Does This Represent???(Think Electronegativity!!)
Bonds Type and Bond Strength
STRONGESTNetwork Solids – Covalent “Lattice”
DiamondsMetallic and Ionic - Lattice
Ag-Ag, Alloys: Cu-ZnNaCl
Polar CovalentH2O, NH3
NonPolar CovalentO2, H2, CO2
ADD TO YOUR NOTES !! MEMORIZE THIS !!
Bonds length and strength!
Covalent Bonds – have more variety⬜Triple Bonds – shortest and strongest
⬜Double bonds
⬜Single bonds - longest and weakestADD TO YOUR NOTES !!
MEMORIZE THIS !!
Have You Ever Wondered????
Why Oil and Water don’t mix?
Why water is a LIQUID at room temperature?
Why Oxygen is a gas at room temperature?
Why salt water can conduct electricity?
DEFINE POLARITY –Lecture
Polarity
Polarity is defined as the unequal distribution of electrons or an ASSYMETRICAL (uneven) DISTRIBUTION of CHARGE
POLAR BONDS vs. POLAR MOLECULES
POLAR BONDS Nonpolar bonds have an even distribution of charge and thus no charged poles (ends).
Polar bonds are present whenever the two atoms bonded are NOT identical
NonPolar to Polar to Ionic
POLAR MOLECULES
Assymetricalcharge over the entire molecule
WATER IS POLAR
Can NONPOLAR moleculeshave POLAR bonds?
YES!!
“BONDS” occur between 2 ATOMS – when the 2 atoms bonded are DIFFERENT the BOND is POLAR
“MOLECULES” are polar if – There is a lone pair on the central atom OR If the atoms bonded to the central atom are
NOT identical
APPLY VSEPR THEORY TO PREDICT THE OVERALL POLARITY OF A MOLECULE.
How do you know if a molecule is polar?FILL IN THE MISSING NOTES
◻ Step 1: Draw Lewis Structure & Determine the shape
◻ Step 2: Predict the polarity of the molecule based on the following:
-- If the molecule has at least one ______ ______ on the central atom
-- If there are _____ or more different types of _______
MEMORIZE THIS !!■ Ex. CH4 (NonPolar) vs. CH2F2 (Polar)
LEARNING TEAMS
Take the following:◻Notebook◻Pen/Pencil◻Reference Tables
Examples – Work As A Team
Use your white boardDraw the Lewis Dot StructureFollow the POLARITY FLOWCHART to determine
polarity
⬜ NH3
⬜ CH2O
⬜ CO2
You Try - Work Independently
Determine if the following molecules are polar or non-polar.
◻ NF3
◻ SO2
◻ CH2I2
PULLING IT ALL TOGETHER
◻ Go to Molecular Geometry Exploration and complete the last 2 columns
PREDICT THE PROPERTIES OF A MOLECULE BASED ON THE TYPE
(IONIC, NPC, PC, METALLIC)
Copy this chart into your notes and complete as you read the next few slides
Type of Bond Conduct
ElectricityDissolve
In water?
State at Room
Temp
IONIC
METALLIC
POLAR Cov.
NON-POLAR
Cov.
Properties of Ionic Substances
◻ Hard
◻ Brittle
◻ A solid at room temperature
◻ Very high melting points (≈800C)
◻ Very high boiling points
◻ Soluble in water (think SALT)
◻ Conduct electricity when dissolved in water or as a liquid.
Properties of Metals
◻ Shiny
◻ Solid at room temperature.
◻ high melting point (≈1000oC) ***
◻ high boiling point ***◻ Insoluble in water (does your gold necklace wash
away when you shower?)
◻ Conduct electricity
◻ Malleable and ductile (think COPPER)
*** Which element is an exception??
Properties of Polar Molecules
◻ Typically a liquid at room temperature.
◻ Low melting points (≈20oC)
◻ Medium boiling points
◻ Soluble in water (think SUGAR)
◻ Not a of conductor electricity
Properties of Non-polar molecules
◻ Odorous liquid or a gas at room temperature.
◻ Very low melting (≈-100oC)
◻ Very low boiling points
◻ Usually Insoluble in water
◻ Not a conductor of electricity.
Here’s What You Should Have Learned
Type of
Bond
Conduct
ElectricityDissolve State at Room
Temp
IONIC Y Y SolidMETALLIC Y N Solid
Except Hg
POLAR Cov. N Y Odorous
liquids
NON-POLAR
Cov.N N and gases
MEMORIZE THIS !!
Steps for determining properties.
◻ Step 1: Draw the Lewis structures
◻ Step 2: Predict the shape
◻ Step 3: Use the Polarity Flow chart to predict the polarity
◻ Step 4: Use polarity to determine properties
Given CO2
Work Together To Answer The Following Questions:
◻ What is the overall shape?
◻ Using this shape, what type of bond is present?
Ionic, Metallic, Polar or Nonpolar?
◻ Given the shape, determine the following:⬜ What is the state of matter at room temp?
⬜ Will it conduct electricity
⬜ Will it dissolve in water?
Check Your Answers On The Next Slide
HOMEWORK
Complete Bond type/Shape/Properties Chart – see next slide
QUIZ Tomorrow (Lewis Structures / Shapes)
UNIT 4 TEST – Fri Oct 12
Bond type/Shape/Properties HW-Draw complete chart
Compound Type of Bond?
(I, M, PC, NPC)
Shape State of
Matter
Conduct
Electricity?
Dissolve in
Water?
CO2 NPC Linear Gas No No
PCl3
H2O
CF4
MgCl2
Cl2
CH2Cl2
NH3
AlCl
Objectives (Today You’ve Learned How To….)
◻ Identify bond strengths based upon type of bond.
◻ Define Polarity
◻ Apply VSEPR theory to predict the overall polarity of a molecule.
◻ Predict the properties of a molecule based on the type of molecule (Ionic, NPC, PC, Metallic)
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