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Policy on Accurate Multidimensional Poverty Alleviation in China

Dr Xiaolin Wang

APEC Food Security Training and Workshop · Beijing

2015

9/9/2015

Contents

1 China’s Achievement on Poverty Reduction and

Food Security

2 Explanation of China’s Achievements

3 Future Challenges

4 Stretages of Accurate Multidimensional Poverty Alleviation

(AMPA) between 2016 and 2020

5 Policies of AMPA

1.China’s Achievement on Poverty Reduction and Food Security

1.China’s Achievement on Poverty Reduction and Food Security

1.China’s Achievement on Poverty Reduction and Food Security

2013 Global Hunger Index

1990 1995 2000 2005 2014

13.6 10.7 8.5 6.8 5.4

9/9/2015

Contents

1 China’s Achievement on Poverty Reduction and

Food Security

2 Explanation of China’s Achievements

3 Future Challenges

4 Stretages of Accurate Multidimensional Poverty Alleviation

(AMPA) between 2016 and 2020

5 Policies of AMPA

The Concept of Poverty in Chinese?

Poverty

贫困

Pin

Fen

Deprived: Rights

Carved up: Economic

Bei

Money: Economic

Property: Economic

Kun

Be in trouble: Social and Natural

Environment

Five Dimensions of poverty in Chinese

Social

Political

Environ-mental

Cultural

Economic

贫困 Poverty

Development Goals: Xiaokang Society in 2020

Economy

Politics

Culture Society

Ecology

All-round Well-off Society in 2020 (Xiaokang Society)

• 5 dimensions

Leading Group Office of Poverty Reduction, State Council

(LGOP)

LGOP(Central Gov.)

MoA MoE MoH …

LGOP(Local Gov.)

MoA MoE MoH …

Main Policies

4 Wheel Drive

Reform Regional

Development

Development

-oriented PA Social

Security

Economic Reforms

• Household-based land contract system

• The system of compensated use of land owned by the State

Land System Reform

12

Economic Reforms

• 1978-1992: Improvement of planned price system

• 1993-now: Establishment of market price system

Price System Reform

13

Economic Reforms

• Permission of the development of private enterprises

• Protection of the private property rights

• Reforms on the state-owned enterprises

Enterprises Reform

14

How to?

Empowerment

Land and Labor

Exchange conditions

Free Mobility

and Migration

Private Enterprises

15

Measures for Empowerment

Land and Labor

Household Contract Responsibility System; clear property rights

Exchange Opening Agricultural Market and

releasing price control

Free Mobility

Migration

Private Enterprises

Encourage the development of private enterprises

16

How to?

Technology Innovation &

Learning

Introduction of Agricultural

technical innovation

system

Improvement of grain

output

Improvement of the poor’s

capability

17

Main Regional Development Policies

• 14 Regions

– Infrastructure of Cross regions

• High way, Rail way, Logistic park

• Industry park

– Economic Cooperation Between East and West

– Public services

– Ecological Construction

Main Policies on Development-oriented PA

• 120,000 villages – Integrated Village Development Project (IVDP) – Industry

• Agriculture

• Animal husbandry, etc.

– Infrastructure • Rural road

• Irrigation,

• Electricity, etc.

– Social Development • Education & Health care

– Village Environment Protection

– Community Fund

IVDP

Identification

Monitoring- Multidimension

Monitoring - administrative hierarchy

County

Nation-Region-Province-County

Country

Region

黔江区多维贫困发生率

9/9/2015

Contents

1 China’s Achievement on Poverty Reduction and

Food Security

2 Explanation of China’s Achievements

3 Future Challenges

4 Stretages of Accurate Multidimensional Poverty Alleviation

(AMPA) between 2016 and 2020

5 Policies of AMPA

Future Challenges

26

14 Poverty Striken Regionos in China

Poverty incidence in China

Distribution of poverty population in China

9/9/2015

Contents

1 China’s Achievement on Poverty Reduction and

Food Security

2 Explanation of China’s Achievements

3 Future Challenges

4 Stretages of Accurate Multidimensional Poverty Alleviation

(AMPA) between 2016 and 2020

5 Policies of AMPA

The 13rd Five-Year Plan (2016-2020)

Of which,

• People's living standards to achieve the all-

round well-off ( All-round Xiaokang Society) in

2020.

• The most difficult task is whether the poverty-

stricken areas and the poor could to achieve

the goals. We need to accurate poverty

alleviation and accurate get rid of poverty. (by

President Xi).

Accurate Multidimensional Poverty Alleviation (AMPA) in China

“AMPA”

Macro:System design; Resource optimal allocation of

regional development (Cross-regional development)

Re

gis

tratio

n

Villa

ge

task

forc

e

Micro:Accurate identification, assistance, management and

accountability (HHs, Village)

Macro: Development of 14 Contiguous poor regions

• To Promote

Infrastructure connectiv

ity of the 14 contiguous

poor regions.

• To achieve equality of

basic public services.

• To strengthen

Ecological construction.

Macro: Development of 14 Contiguous poor regions

Rural Poor Population in 2014

Micro: Accurate identification

• 5 main steps: to

accurate identification

the poor HHs and

villages (total 9 steps).

• HH form

• 49 indicators

• Village form

• 137 indicators

• County form

• 264 indicators

Guide indicators

Application by HHs

Participatory discussion

Public notice (no objection

by HHs)

Confirmed by local

government

Identification

Online database

size:

• 128,000

villages;

• 290,000

households。

• 90million

poor

individuals

Update:

•annual

Distribution of poor HHs, 2014

Accurate analysis of the major causes of poverty

• 12 causes of poverty

on HHs level

38.5 34.8

21.3 18.2

9.1 7.6 7.2 6.4 3.7 1.6

05

1015202530354045

Causes of poverty, %, 2014

Distribution of poor HHs caused by illness, 2014

Accurate demand analysis of poor HHs’development

• Village Task Force,(VTF)

3 government officials

from local government

who stay in village for 2-3

years to help poor HHs.

• VTF must

• Analyzes HHs’

demand with HHs

• Make development

plan with HHs

• Coordinate

assistance resources.

9/9/2015

Contents

1 China’s Achievement on Poverty Reduction and

Food Security

2 Explanation of China’s Achievements

3 Future Challenges

4 Stretages of Accurate Multidimensional Poverty Alleviation

(AMPA) between 2016 and 2020

5 Policies of AMPA

Main Policies of Accurate MDPA

• Regional development policy

• Infrastructure connectivity of the 14 contiguous poor regions by

Central Government.

• General Transfer Payment for 592 poverty-stricken counties

from Central Gov. to Local Gov.

• Eastern developed provinces support the development of

western poverty-stricken areas.

Main Policies of Accurate MDPA

• Village Comprehensive Development Programs (VCDP)

VCDP

Industry

Infra.

Social Eviromnet

Community

Fund

MPI of Poor People, Inner Mongolia, 2014

MPI

Target the poor county using MPI

MPI of Poor People, Inner Mongolia, 2014

MPI

• To target the poor village using MPI

• To eliminate multidimensional poverty

by VCDP.

MPI

Sector policy on specific demand—Micro Finance

• Central financial discount interest.

• To eliminate multidimensional poverty by VCDP.

Distribution of HHs who lack of fund

Distribution of HHs who lack of technology

Sector policy on specific demand—Vocational education

• Provide 3 years free vocational education for poor

household students

Sector policy on specific demand—Relocation Program

Universal access to 10 basic public goods and social service

for poor HHs in Inner Mongolia

Road

Water

Electricity

TV/Internet

Housing

Health

Multidimensional Poverty Alleviation in China

Accurate

Poverty

Alleviation

-HHs

-Community

-County

-contiguous

poor region

M&E by NSB

• Identification &

Registration by

LGOP

Implement:

-Village Task Force (VTF, 400,000).

-Local Gov

-Ministries

Tanks!

Involving stakeholders in the food security policy debate

Experiences from the Global Forum on

Food Security and Nutrition

www.fao.org/fsnforum 8 September 2015

Max F. Blanck FSN Forum Policy Officer, FAO

What is Food Security?

“Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe

and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life”.

World Food Summit, 1996

What is stakeholder dialogue?

“An integral part of a stepwise process of decision making.

At different phases, involvement may take the form of sharing information, consulting, dialoguing, or deliberating on decisions.

It should be seen always as a meaningful part of formulating and implementing good policy.

Stakeholder involvement techniques should not be viewed as convenient tools for ‘public relations’, image-building or winning acceptance for a decision taken behind closed doors.”

Definition by the NEA/OECD Forum on stakeholder confidence

… and why is it important?

• It provides opportunities to align development practices with societal needs and expectations.

• It helps to drive long-term sustainability and buy-in.

• It benefits policy coherence.

• It helps capture tacit knowledge.

• It provides an additional feedback channel.

Who are the stakeholders?

Policy design

Academia

Governments (national and

local)

Citizens

Donors Civil society

organizations

Private sector

Development organizations

You!

Engage stakeholders in dialogue

Coordinated positions leading to coherent policies

Stakeholder

Stakeholder

Stakeholder

[…] progress will depend on effective governance systems, and the involvement of many stakeholders across sectors, with participation, transparency, equity and accountability as key principles. Excerpt from FAO’s Strategic Objective 1

Act as honest broker by providing a neutral forum

At which stage?

Community participation can extend from the formative research phase though program planning and execution to evaluation of the program. It has a different role in each stage and needs to be designed and targeted accordingly.

Problem definition

Agenda setting

Policy Development

Implementation

Policy evaluation

What can impede dialogue?

• Inequitable participation

• Veneered participation

• Skewed participation

• Non-communicative participation

Does stakeholder dialogue contrast the established channels?

• Participatory communication and the traditional diffusion model are not polar opposites.

• Diffusion model is evolving in a participatory direction.

• Participatory approach necessarily involves information transfer.

The Committee on World Food Security (CFS)

• An intergovernmental body to serve as a forum in the United Nations System for review and follow-up of policies concerning world food security.

• Underwent reform in 2009 to make it more effective by including a wider group of stakeholders and increasing its ability to promote polices that reduce food insecurity.

The CFS’s composition

Bureau

Afghanistan Argentina Australia Brazil Congo France Pakistan Switzerland Uganda USA Philippines Sudan

Advisory Group UN Bodies:

FAO (Food and Agricultural Organisation) WFP (World Food Programme IFAD (International Fund for Agricultural Development) Right-to-Food: Special Rapporteur on the right to food - Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights UN High Level Task Force on the Global Food Security Crisis UN Standing Committee on Nutrition (SCN)

CSOs/NGOs: The World Forum of Fish Harvesters & Fish Workers (WFHFF) Mouvement International de la Jeunesse Agricole (MIJARC) Indigenous Caucus (ICAZA) World Alliance of Mobile Indigenous Peoples (WAMIP)

International Agricultural Research Bodies: CGIAR Consortium

International Financial and Trade Institutions: World Bank

Private Sector/Philanthropic Foundations: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation International Agri Food Network

The global Forum on Food Security and Nutrition (FSN Forum) An online platform with free membership that engages food security and nutrition stakeholders in policy dialogue and knowledge-sharing at global, regional and country level.

15,000+ members from 175 countries

150 online discussions & consultations

3 regional networks and 3 thematic networks

6 languages covered

Over 10 000 pages of comments

Structure of Membership

FSN Forum Activities • Online discussions on food security and nutrition

• Policy-driven consultations

• Regional and country dialogues

• Thematic spaces

• Network building

• Surveys

• Integration of online and face-to-face exchanges

FSN Forum main partners

At global level

Review to set the

track

Seek suggestions and inputs

Proposed Scope

Preparation of draft report

Preparation of final report

CFS

Recommendations to countries

HLPE

Draft report

Project Team

High Level Panel of Experts of CFS (HLPE)

At (sub)regional level CARICOM Food Security Action Plan

Country Implementation

Draft document

Final Action Plan Gather views

and inputs of key

regional CSOs

CARICOM

CARICOM Meeting of Ministers

Approved Action Plan

Approved by CARICOM in 2011 and implemented

in four countries

At country level Food Security Law in the Dominican Republic

Physical consultation meetings facilitated by CSOs

Enact Legislation

Villages

Draft Law

Draft to be presented to Parliament

Online Consultation

Dominican Government

Law approved by Parliament in September 2014

A global and regional approach for a true global dialogue

Global FSN Forum

West Africa Europe and Central Asia

Global audience

Regional audience

Regional audience

Let’s define the next activities together … … and fill these boxes

Country Implementation

Online discussion

Food Security and Nutrition in APEC Economies. Sharing lessons learned and looking into the future

40 comments received China, Australia, Nicaragua, Dominican Republic,

Armenia, Iran, USA, Bangladesh, Chile, Papua

New Guinea, Philippines, Cote D’Ivoire, Japan,

New Zealand

Open until 25 September

www.fao.org/fsnforum

How can smallholder farmers benefit from global value chains? • Consolidating plots and farms into larger businesses can be a solution

• Organizing into cooperatives can increase bargaining power of farmers

• It is necessary to help small farmers comply with international rules and standards

• Need to encourage women to have a greater role

• The linkage between farmers, intermediaries and consumers is key

• Link smallholder farmers in developing countries to lucrative markets worldwide

• Support their willingness to upgrade and adopt new technology (e.g. precision farming)

• Complete the move toward a market economy

• Adopt Increase extension services

• Farmers need access to credit in order to be able to invest in innovate

• Increase consumer concern in developed countries for farmers facing poverty

How can we ensure the participation of youth in the wider food security dialogue?

• Early introduction of the concepts of food security into school curricula.

• Nutrition education

• Make the rural areas more attractive (rural development)

• Engage youth through modern channels (internet)

• Youth needs to see agriculture as an innovative activity that can provide them a promising future

Challenges to food security

• The balance between drive for self sufficiency and preservation of resources

• Information given needs to be relevant to the local conditions

• The gap between entrepreneurial farming and family farming can widen.

• Food losses and waste throughout the supply chains

Thank you

For further information contact us at:

FSN-Moderator@fao.org

Max.Blanck@fao.org

and visit the website:

www.fao.org/fsnforum

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