political science test 3 spring 2007. chapter 9 question 1. definition: a party’s statement of its...

Political Science

Test 3Spring 2007

Chapter 9

Question

• 1. Definition: A party’s statement of its positions on the issues of the day.

• party platform

Question

• Definition: The programs of the administration of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt.

• The New Deal

Question

• According to the text, Struggle for Democracy, political parties contribute to democracy by

• making office holders accountable to voters

Question

• According to the authors of Struggle for Democracy, the Founders were hostile to political parties

• Even though they themselves formed two distinct political

parties.

Question

• According to the text, Struggle for Democracy, American politics is primarily what?

• candidate-centered

Question

• Definition: The political position that holds that the federal government has a substantial role to play in the economic regulation, social welfare, and overcoming racial inequality.

• liberal

Question

• Definition: The political position that holds that the federal government ought to play a very small role in economic regulation, social welfare, and overcoming racial inequality.

• conservative

Question

• When did the present-day competition between the two specific parties, that is, Republicans verses Democrats, first take place?

• 1856

Question• What was the essence of the major shift of

alliances between the two major parties since 1964?

• Anti-integration Southern Democrats shifted from the

Democratic to the Republican Party

Question

• With the change of identification from party affiliation to the ideological paradigm of Liberal verses Conservative what problems arise?

• The identification is largely subjective and doesn’t always accurately reflect true ideology

Chapter 10

Question

• Definition: The proportion of eligible voters who actually vote in a given election is called what?

• turnout

Question 20

• Definition: The tendency to vote for the incumbents when times are good and against them when times are bad.

• electoral reward and punishment

Question

• Definition: A form of voting in which voters look back at the performance of a party in power and cast ballots on the basis of how well it did in office.

• retrospective voting

Question

• Definition: Political activity, including voting, campaign activity, contacting officials, and demonstrating.

• participation

Question

• Definition: Two words that mean “The right to vote.” (Please review all options)

• suffrage & franchise

Question

• According to both texts (Struggle for Democracy and The Lanahan Reader) and according to class lectures about what percentage of Americans vote in each presidential election?

• fifty percent

Question

• Definition: Expenditures by political parties on general public education, voter registration, and voter mobilization is called what?

• soft money

Question

• According to the authors of Struggle for Democracy, in democracies, the chief means by which citizens control the government is (are) supposed to be what?

• elections

Question

• In the early years of the United States, the franchise to vote was held by what group?

• property-owning white males

Question • Until the presidential election of 2000 what

was the position of the courts regarding elections?

• Courts only influenced elections by disallowing classes of ballots,

such as absentee or from a specific machine.

Question

• Definition: State elections in which delegates to national presidential nominating conventions are chosen.

• Primary Elections

Chapter 11

Question

• Definition: Redrawing electoral district lines to give an advantage to a particular party or candidate.

• gerrymandering

Question

• Definition: The powers of the Congress and the federal government specifically mentioned in the Constitution.

• Enumerated powers

Question

• What institution regulates Congress?

• Congress

Question

• What person will become president if both the president and the vice president can no longer serve in office?

• Speaker of the House of Representatives

Question

• Definition: Article 1, Section 8 of the Constitution, also called the necessary and proper clause; gives Congress the authority to make whatever laws are necessary and proper to carry out its assigned and specified responsibilities.

• Elastic clause

Question

• Definition: The legal doctrine that a person who is arrested must have a timely hearing before a judge.

• Habeas Corpus

Question

• Definition: According to the doctrine articulated by Edmund Burke, an elected representative who acts in perfect accord with the wishes of his or her constituents.

• delegate

Question

• Definition: Reallocation of House seats among the states, done after each national census, to ensure that seats are held by the states in proportion to the size of their populations.

• reapportionment

Question

• Definition: The redrawing of congressional district’s lines within a state to ensure roughly equal populations within each district.

• redistricting

Question

• Definition: Projects designed to bring to the constituency jobs and public money for which members of Congress can claim credit.

• Pork or pork barrel

Chapter 12

Question

• The domestic economic reality of the late 19th century which led to an increase in presidential power was what?

• The accumulation of wealth and power by an elite made up of industrialists

Question

• One of the major factors increasing the power of the office of the President was what?

• America’s emergence as a world power

Question

• Definition: Relatively permanent congressional committees that address specific areas of legislation.

• Standing committees

Question

• Definition: The taking of testimony by a congressional committee or subcommittee.

• Hearings.

Question

• Definition: The process of revising a bill in committee.

• markup

Question

• Definition: Congressional committees with members from both the House and the Senate.

• Joint committees

Question

• Definition: A vote to end the “unlimited debate” or a standard debate; requires the votes of three-fifths of the membership of the Senate.

• Cloture

Question

• Definition: Legislative action taken “without objection” as a way to expedite business; used to conduct much of the business of the Senate.

• Unanimous consent

Question

• Definition: Deferral by members of Congress to the judgment of subject-matter specialists, mainly on minor technical bills.

• reciprocity

Question

• Definition: The parliamentary device used in the Senate to prevent a bill from coming to a vote by “talking it to death,” made possible by the norm of unlimited debate.

• filibuster

Question

• There is an obvious paradox in conservative ideology regarding presidential power. What statement describes that paradox?

Answer• Conservatives oppose the power of

the federal government, yet think the only legitimate power of the president is foreign relations and defense, but it has those two areas of presidential responsibility which have most increased presidential power and federal authority.

Lanahan Readings

Question

• From the Lanahan Readings, Reading Number 16, From Congressional Government by President Woodrow Wilson– What was unique about President Wilson’s background?

• He had a doctorate

Question 34

• In Reading 22, from Congress: The Electoral Connection by David Mahew, the author portrays United States congressmen as what?

• single-minded seekers of re-election

Question

• In Reading Number 23, from Home Style by Richard Fenno, where do most members of Congress spend a substantial proportion of their time?

• at home– meaning in their home districts.

Question• In Reading Number 23, from Home Style

by Richard Fenno, the author states that members of Congress have two primary policy justifications, that is, philosophies for how the represent constiuents, they are:

• delegate and trustee

Question

• In Reading Number 28, from Pork: A Time-Honored Tradition Lives On by Paul Starobin, according to the author when did federal politicians first begin to legislate “pork”?

• from the very beginning

Question

• In Reading Number 29, from In Praise of Pork, by John Ellwood and Eric Ptashnik, what is the definition offered by the author for the term “pork.”

• Congressional spending on projects that bring money and jobs to particular districts which aid re-

election.

Question

• In Reading Number 39, from Locked in the Cabinet by Robert Reich, in what president’s cabinet did he serve?

• Clinton