polymer in pharmaceutical science

Course Title: Basic Pharmaceutics & Dosage Form Design Course Code: BPH-2027

Welcome to my presentationMy topic name is –“Polymers in

Pharmaceutical Science”

Presented to-Presented to-Faria Farzana PerveenFaria Farzana Perveen

Lecturer LecturerDepartment of PharmacyDepartment of Pharmacy

Presented by-Presented by-Imran HossainImran Hossain

Id-2015000300036Id-2015000300036Batch-25Batch-25thth(B)(B)

IntroductionIntroductionPropertyPropertyCharacteristicsCharacteristicsClassificationClassificationApplication & Polymeric System Application & Polymeric System

in Drugin DrugExampleExample

Polymers are very large molecules made when hundreds of monomers join together to form long chains by covalent bonds or chemical bonds.The word ‘polymer’ comes from the Greek words poly (meaning ‘many’) and meros (meaning ‘parts’).

Example: POLYBUTADIENE = (BUTADIENE+ BUTADIENE+......)n

Where n = 4,000

Polymer Science has been the backbone for the development of new formulations for past few years and led to development of several applications in pharmaceutical science.

The physical properties of a polymer, such as :-

Polymers are organic, chain molecules They can, vary from a few hundreds to thousands of

atoms long. The properties of polymers depend heavily on the

molecule length. Chain length - In general, the longer the chains the

stronger the polymer. Side groups - Polar side groups give stronger

attraction between polymer chains, making the polymer stronger.

Cross-linking - If polymer chains are linked together by covalent bonds, the polymer is harder and more difficult to melt.

It Should be a wide range of physical, chemical properties.

It Should be non-toxic and should be easily administered.

It Should be cheap. It Should be easy to fabricate. It Should be low density. The polymer should be soluble and easy to

synthesis. It should have finite molecular weight. It should be compatible with biological environment. It should be biodegradable. It should provide good drug polymer linkage.

Classification based on source. Classification based on structure. Classification based on polymerisation. Classification based on molecular force. Classification based on composition.Classification based on source1. Natural polymers:- Proteins, Cellulose, Starch. 2. Semi-synthesis polymers:- Cellulose

derivatives - Cellulose acetate (Rayon).3. Synthesis polymers:- Buna-S, Buna-R, Nylon,

Polythene, Polyester.

Classification based on structure1.Linear polymers:- Pvc2.Branched chain polymers:- Low density polymer.3.Cross linked chain polymers:- Melamine.

Classification based on polymerization1.Addition Polymers :- The formation of polythene from ethene and polypropene from propene.2.Condensation Polymers :- Dacron, nylon 6, etc

Classification based on molecular force

1. Elastomers :- Buna-S, buna-N, neoprene.2. Fibers :- Polyamides (nylon 6, 6), polyesters .3. Liquid resins :- Epoxy adhesives .4. Plastics :- (a) Thermoplastic and (b)

thermosetting plastic .

Classification based on composition1. Homopolymer :- Polyethylene, polystyrene.2. Copolymer :- Silicone, Ethyl cellulose.

Mainly used for drug delivery.– As a coating material

examples :- Methyl cellulose, Propylene glycol.– As a binders in tableting , examples: Acacia, Sodium alginate.– As a thickening agent in suspension and ophthalmic preparations

Example: methyl cellulose.– Gelatin used as suppository base, as an emulsifying agent and

suspending agent. Micelles for cancer therapeutics Targeted drug delivery systems Medicine:- Many biomaterials, especially heart valve replacements and blood

vessels, are made of polymers like Dacron, Teflon Venlafexine - Anti-depressant - Beeswax, Carnauba wax Domperidone - Anti-emetic - Carbopol-934

1. Oral delivery system:- These techniques are capable of controlling the rate of drug from the delivery systems that can be utilized for controlled delivery of drugs.

Some of novel drug delivery system for oral controlled release drug administration include:Osmotic pressure controlled GI delivery system.Diffusion controlled GI delivery system.Bio[muco]adhesive GI delivery system.

2. Transdermal drug delivery system:- Mostly used when the medicaments are applied on topical route. E.g. Transdermal patch of copolamine, nitro glycerin etc.

Polymeric System in Drug

3. Ocular Drug Delivery System:- It allows prolonged contact of drug with the surface of the eye. Highly viscous suspension and emulsion are prepared to have such purpose. E.g. Pilocarpine used in treatment of glaucoma.Other,1. Drug delivery of various contraceptives and hormones.2. Drug delivery and the treatment of diabetes

Polyethylene GlycolPolyethylene glycol (PEG) is a polyether compound with many applications from industrial manufacturing to medicine. PEG, PEO, or POE refers to an oligomer or polymer of ethylene oxide.

Uses:-Used to treat constipation. It works by holding water in the stool to soften the stool and increases the number of bowel movements.PEG is also used as an excipient in many pharmaceutical products. E.g. solvent, surfactant, ointments, suppository base, tablet and capsule lubricant.PEG is the basis of many skin creamsPEG is also used as an anti-foaming agent in food.PEG is used in a number of toothpastes as a dispersant.

Polyvinyl pyrrolidonePolyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), also commonly called polyvidone or povidone, is a water-soluble polymer made from the monomer N-vinylpyrrolidone.

Use:-Used as suspending and dispersing agent.PVP was used as a plasma volume expander for trauma victims after the 1950s.It is used as a binder, Lubricants, Guidant's in many pharmaceutical.

Smart PolymerSmart polymers are polymers that respond to different stimuli or changes in the environment. Smart polymers appear in highly specialized applications and everyday products alike. Use:-Smart drug delivery systems.Stimuli-responsive surfaces.Used as cancer therapy to identify tumors.Killing of tumor.Smart polymer in protein purification.Smart polymer in gene therapy.