populations and ecosystems

POPULATIONS AND ECOSYSTEMS

ORGANISM / INDIVIDUAL

Any living thing.ONE member of a species or population.

EX: A deer, a rabbit, a bacteria, a tree, a flower, a mushroom, etc.

POPULATION

A population is made up of all the organisms of the same species that live in an area at the same time.

EX: Bison living in the prairie, colony of fish, a pack of wolves, a grouping of trees

COMMUNITY

All of the different populations of all species LIVING in an ecosystem.

Only the populations living in an area, not the place where they live!

EX: Birds, deer, grass, trees, fungi, bacteria, ticks, all living together in the same area.

ECOSYSTEM

Consists of all the organisms living in an area, as well as the nonliving parts of that environment.

EX: Deer, birds, insects, grass, + the water, temperature, sunlight, soil, air quality, etc.

ABIOTIC

Nonliving things that effect living organisms.

EX: Sun, temperature, rainfall, soil

BIOTIC

Living organisms and products of living things.

BIOMESA biome is a large geographical area of distinctive plant and animal groups.The climate and geography of a region determines what type of biome exists.9 biomes Tundra, Deciduous Forest, Savanna, Taiga, Chaparral, Rainforest, Grasslands, Desert, Alpine.Each biome consists of many ecosystems.

http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/world_biomes.htm

WHAT IS A SPECIES?

A class or group of individuals having similar characteristics.

Used to classify organisms.

How are organisms classified?

The science of classifying all living things into seven major groups based on similarities of structure or origin

How are organisms classified? Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Kingdom-Phylum-Class-Order-Family-Genus-Species-

Animalia

ChordataMammalia

Primates

Hominidae

Homo

Sapien

How do you remember the order?

As you go down the column, the defining characteristics of each subgroup become more and more similar.The members of a kingdom are more diverse, and the members of a species are more similar.

Group Name

Organism

Human Chimpanzee House Cat Lion Housefly

Kingdom Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia

Phylum Chordata Chordata Chordata Chordata Arthropoda

Class Mammal Mammal Mammal Mammal Insect

Order Primates Primates Carnivora Carnivora

Carnivora

Family Hominidae Pongidae Felidae Felidae Muscidae

Genus Homo Pan Felis Felis Musca

Species sapiens troglodytes domestica leo domestica

Scientific Name

Homo sapiens

Pan troglodytes

Felis domestica

Felis leo Musca domestica

If two organisms are in the same Order, they must be in the same Kingdom, Phylum, and Class.

KingPhillip

Came Over

For Good

Supper

Monerans Ex: Bacteria (single celled, prokaryotic)Protista Ex: Amoeba (single celled, eukaryotic)Fungi Ex: Mushroom (multicellular, eukaryotic)Plantae Ex: Flowering Plants (multicellular,

eukaryotic)Animalia Ex: People, Elephants (multicellular,

eukaryotic)

Translates to “two-name name-calling”Every species has a generic (genus) and a specific name (species)Always in Latin

Carolus Linnaeus Known as father of taxonomy Made up the binomial system for naming organisms

Very similar to how people are named Genus is the surname (last name) Species is the personal name (first name)

Many organisms have more than one common nameMany different species have the same common name Ex: American Robin and

European Robin

Universal language understood around the world

Genus is always capital and species is always lower caseUnderline the whole nameExamples

Felis domesticus (house cat)Canis familiaris (common dog)Acer saccharum (maple tree)

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/beta/evolution/classifying-life.html

Abra cadabra (snail) La cucaracha (moth)Wakiewakie (rat kangaroo)Ba humbugi (snail)Balbaroo fangaroo (kangaroo)Chaos chaos (protozoan)

http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~insrisg/nature/nw98/names.htmlhttp://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~insrisg/nature/nw98/names.html

For Example:Bart SimpsonSimpson BartSimpson bartSimpsonus barti

FemaleFemale MaleMale

GenusGenus -a or -es-a or -es -us-us

SpeciesSpecies -ae-ae -i-i

- a persons name

- last name first (genus)- first name is lower case (species)

-add proper endings and underlineNow write your name!

Group Name

Organism

Human Chimpanzee

House Cat

Lion Housefly

Kingdom Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia

Animalia

Phylum Chordata Chordata Chordata

Chordata

Arthropoda

Class Mammal Mammal Mammal Mammal

Insect

Order Primates Primates Carnivora

Carnivora

Carnivora

Family Hominidae

Pongidae Felidae Felidae Muscidae

Genus Homo Pan Felis Felis Musca

Species sapiens troglodytes domestica

leo domestica

Scientific Name

Homo sapiens

Pan troglodytes

Felis domesti

ca

Felis leo Musca domestica

LINNAEUSSwedish botanist

Born in 1700Born in 1700’’ss Made up the binomial Made up the binomial system for naming organismssystem for naming organisms Known as father of taxonomyKnown as father of taxonomy

How are organisms classified?Kingdom- Phylum-

Class- Order-

Family- Genus-

Species-

Animalia

MammaliaPrimates

HominidaeHomo

sapiens

Chordata

Acronym to remember

Kings Play Cards On Fat Green StoolsKing Phillip came over for good supperMake up your own

Binomial NomenclatureTranslates to “two-name name-calling”

Every species has a generic (genus) Every species has a generic (genus) and specific name (species)and specific name (species)Always in LatinAlways in LatinVery similar to how people are named Very similar to how people are named

Genus is the surname (last name)Genus is the surname (last name)Species is the personal name (first name)Species is the personal name (first name)

Why use Scientific Names?Many organisms have more than one common name

Many different species Many different species have the same common have the same common namesnames

American Robin and the American Robin and the European RobinEuropean Robin

Universally understood Universally understood throughout the worldthroughout the world

How does it work?

Genus is always capital and species is always lower case

Examples of scientific names:Examples of scientific names:Felis domesticus (house cat)Felis domesticus (house cat)Canis familiarisCanis familiaris (common dog)(common dog)Acer saccharumAcer saccharum (maple tree)(maple tree)Satter kari Satter kari

Weird Scientific Names

Abra cadabra (snail)LaLa cucarachacucaracha (moth) (moth) Wakiewakie Wakiewakie (rat kangaroo)(rat kangaroo)BaBa humbugihumbugi (snail) (snail)BalbarooBalbaroo fangaroofangaroo (kangaroo) (kangaroo)ChaosChaos chaoschaos (protozoan) (protozoan)http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~insrisg/nature/nw98/names.htmlhttp://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~insrisg/nature/nw98/names.html

How to “latinize” your name

Female Male

Genus -a or -es -us

Species -ae -iFor example:

Bart Simpson -a person’s nameSimpson Bart - last name (genus) firstSimpson bart -first name is lower case (species)Simpsonus barti -add male endings to genus

and species

TAXONOMYpages 8 and 9

Science of classifying all living things into seven major categories

Which group on the chart do you think has the most organisms in it?

Kingdom

What are the five kingdoms?

MoneransProtistaFungiPlantaeAnimalia

1. What do all animals have in common?

HeterotrophicEukaryoticMulticellular

What four organisms are put in the same first three levels?

HumanChimpHouse catLion

3. What do you notice about the characteristics of the groups as you move down the Animalia kingdom?

They become more similar

3. Compare the characteristics of a kingdom verses a species. What do you notice?

Kingdom is more diverseSpecies is more similar

Are the cat and housefly the same species?

NO, because the groups above them don’t all match.Species is like a first name it means little unless the last name (genus) is with it.

4. If two organisms are in the same Order, they must be in the same…

KingdomPhylumClass

5. Every organism is given a scientific name that consists of what?

GenusSpeciesWhich one is always capitalized?Which one is always lower case?

7. Which two organisms are most closely related on the chart? WHY

Cat and lionThey are the same in 6 of the 7 levels of classification.

7. A human is most closely related to what organism on the chart? WHY

ChimpThey are the same in 4 of the 7 levels of classification.