portugal history

Portuguese colonial empire

Lucie Pultrová, Michala Kropáčková

An anachronous map of the Portuguese Empire (1415-1999). Red - actual possessionsOlive – explorations Orange - areas of influence and trade Pink – claims of sovereignty Green - trading postsBlue - main sea explorations, routes and areas of influence.

Beginning

Portuguese colonial empire was the first global empire in history. Portuguese’s navy began in 14th century.

Henry the Navigator was responsible for the early development of European exploration and maritime trade with other continents.

Colonizations started in 15th century. In 1415 Portugal got a port Ceuta because this city was very rich

in this period. But in 1437 they had to draw back because of their fault.

Beginning

Reasons for intensive maritime exploration :

– Christian religion– New way to India– Trade

Some really important dates

15th country - The first chief of portuguese navy, Henry the Navigator, reached the westernmost point of Africa and he named it 'Cap-Vert' because of local landscape.

1488 - captain Bartolomeo Diaz reached the southernmost point of Africa and he named it 'Cape of Storms' - today we know this territory as 'Cape of Good Hope’ - way to Indian Ocean was unlocked

(1492 – Christopher Columbus found New World) 1494 – It was created Treaty of Tordesillas 1529 – It was created Treaty of Zaragoza

Treaty of Tordesillas

1494 – It spoke about dividing the World on Spanish part and Portuguese part

Treaty of Tordesillas 1494

Spanish part Portuguese part

Treaty of Zaragoza 1529„Capitulation of Zaragoza“

22. April 1529 – It was a peace treaty between Spain and Portugal by King John III and Emperor Charles V signed in the city of Zaragoza

It was treaty about dividing the world into two exploration and colonizing areas in

the east hemisphere

Treaty of Zaragoza 1529

Portuguese part Spanish part

Treaties

These treaties gave Portugal: Africa, south America and Asia. Spain had the New World

Boom of Empire

Vasco da Gama (1498) – the commander of the first ships to sail directly from Europe to India. He established first Portuguese ports. Portugal became a centre of Oriental trade.

Brazil

1500 – Pedro Álvares Cabral – the first man who landed on the Brazilian coast. He established first temporary hamlets.

Battle

1509 – Portuguese won the sea battle of Diu against Ottoman Sultan Beyazid II, Sultan of Gujarad, Mamlûk Sultan of Cairo , Zamorin of Kozhikode, Venetian Republic, and Ragusan Republic

Second battle of Diu won Portugal – the Turks and Egyptians had to leave India. From that moment India belonged to Portugal.

North America

Manuel I. wanted to discover North America, so João Fernandes „Lavrador“ made landfall on Labrador peninsula and named it after himself – Labrador peninsula.

Brothers Miguel and Gaspar Corte-Real discovered Newfoundland and adjacent islands.

Only fishermen stayed there – In North America, Portugal trade was only with Africa and Asia.

Second battle

Portuguese conquered French colony France Antarctique. At this place they built Rio de Janeiro (1565).

Portuguese breached Treaty of Tordesillas and expanded on west. They conquered next French colony – France Équinoxiale.

So, not only Spain wanted to destroy Portugal, also the Netherlands.

War Their disputes brought a war. Dutchmen conquered north of Brazil with

important port Recife. Portuguese got it back, but Dutchmen still had Cejlon, Indonesia and trade with Japan.

Wealth Brazil

Brazil was the richest Portuguese colony. Brazil trade: sugar cane, coffee and rare

wood. Brazil got new territory, because Portugal

made new treaty with Spain – Treaty of Madrid. Portugal got Amazon and Mato Grosso. There were new slaves and precious metal.

Wealth Brazil

1693 – was founded Brazilian gold in Minas Gerais and Portugal became the biggest exporter of gold in the world

1808 – Napoleon Bonaparte moved royal court to Brazil

1815 – Brazil is a kingdom 1822 – Independence of Brazil and Pedro I.

Brazilian is an Brazilian emperor.

Disintegration of the empire

After the World War II Portugal wanted to destroy the efforts for independent.

India attacked Dadra a Nagar Haveli, Daman, Diu and Goa

Carnation Revolution brought democracy and freedom for overseas territory.

Colonies declared independence China got Macao. It´s the end of Portuguese

colonial empire.