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June 9, 2014
Possession of Child Pornography – Proposed Study Options –
VIRGINIA CRIMINAL
SENTENCING COMMISSION
House Bill 504 and Senate Bill 433
2014 General Assembly
2
SUMMARY AS PASSED:
Delay proposed modifications to the discretionary sentencing
guidelines; possession of child pornography. Provides that
proposed modifications to the discretionary sentencing guidelines
for possession of child pornography adopted by the Virginia
Criminal Sentencing Commission shall not become effective until
July 1, 2016. The Commission will review these guidelines and
complete its review by December 1, 2015. Any proposed
modification in the Commission's 2015 Annual Report shall
supersede the current proposed modifications.
Option 1 (Presented at April 14, 2014 meeting)
Use entire data collection instrument
Travel to Circuit Court Clerks’ and Commonwealth’s
Attorneys’ offices to gather data from files
Analyze and test factors based on data collected
Option 2
Use pared-down data collection instrument
Limit travel to localities with more than 10 cases
For remaining localities, ask Commonwealth’s
Attorneys’ Offices to complete pared-down form
Analyze and test factors based on data collected
Option 3
Add FY2014 data to the analysis and retest proposed
changes presented in 2013 Annual Report
Proposed Study Options
3
Option 1 (Presented at April 14, 2014 meeting)
Use entire data collection instrument
Travel to Circuit Court Clerks’ and Commonwealth’s
Attorneys’ offices to gather data from files
Analyze and test factors based on data collected
Option 2
Use pared-down data collection instrument
Limit travel to localities with more than 10 cases
For remaining localities, ask Commonwealth’s
Attorneys’ Offices to complete pared-down form
Analyze and test factors based on data collected
Option 3
Add FY2014 data to the analysis and retest proposed
changes presented in 2013 Annual Report
Proposed Study Options
4
2014 Child Pornography Study
DCN
_______________
Offe
nder N
am
e _
___________________
Offen
der/S
ub
ject Ch
aracteristics
Offen
der/V
ictim C
haracteristics
A.
Age o
f Youngest M
inor S
ubje
ct: ______ (9
9 =
Unk.)
B.
Age G
roup (C
heck
All T
hat A
pply
): 1.
Under 1
(Infa
nt)
2.
1-3
(Toddle
r) 3.
4-5
(Pre
-Sch
ool)
4.
6-9
(Ele
menta
ry S
chool)
5.
10-1
2 (M
iddle
Sch
ool)
6.
13-1
7 (T
eenage)
9.
Unknow
n
C.
Child
Type
1.
Pre
pubesce
nt (P
rior to
puberty
)
2.
Post p
ubesce
nt
3.
Min
or –
gro
up u
nknow
n
D
. Alte
red A
ny Im
age to
Cre
ate
/Enhance
Child
Porn
?
1.
Yes
2.
No
9.
Unknow
n
E.
Age o
f Old
est M
inor S
ubje
ct: ______ (9
9 =
Unk.)
F.
Gender(s) o
f Min
or S
ubje
ct(s) Depicte
d:
1.
Male
2.
Fem
ale
3.
Both
9.
Unknow
n
G.
Num
ber o
f Diffe
rent S
ubje
cts: ________
(999 =
Unknow
n)
H.
Subje
ct Type:
1.
Identifie
d (b
y la
w e
nfo
rcem
ent) su
bje
ct(s) 2.
Anonym
ous su
bje
ct(s)
3.
Both
identifie
d a
nd a
nonym
ous su
bje
cts I.
Subje
ct’s Rela
tionsh
ip w
ith O
ffender:
1.
None
2.
Babysitte
r
3.
Pare
nt
4.
Ste
p-p
are
nt
5.
Gra
ndpare
nt/ste
p-g
randpare
nt
6.
Sib
ling/ste
p-sib
ling
7.
Uncle
/Aunt
8.
Cousin
9.
Oth
er R
ela
tive
10. C
oach
11. T
each
er/co
unse
lor
12. Y
outh
leader
13. C
lerg
y
14. S
ignifica
nt o
ther
15. E
x-sig
nifica
nt o
ther
16. O
ther p
ositio
n o
f trust
17. O
ther re
latio
nsh
ip
99. U
nknow
n
J. D
rug/A
lcohol U
se (A
t Tim
e o
f Reco
rdin
g o
r Pro
ductio
n o
f Any Im
age)
1.
None
2.
Offe
nder u
sed
3.
Victim
use
d
4.
Both
use
d
9.
Unknow
n
K.
Offe
nder p
rovid
ed D
rugs/A
lcohol to
Subje
ct (At
Tim
e o
f Reco
rdin
g o
r Pro
ductio
n o
f Any Im
age)
1.
Yes
2.
No
9.
Unknow
n
L.
Substa
nce
s Use
d b
y S
ubje
ct: ____ _
___ _
__
(See C
odes B
elo
w)
M.
Substa
nce
s Use
d b
y O
ffender: _
___ _
___ _
__
(See C
odes B
elo
w)
N.
Any S
ubje
ct Menta
lly o
r Physica
lly In
capacita
ted?
1.
Yes –
menta
lly in
capacita
ted
2.
Yes –
physica
lly in
capacita
ted
3.
Yes –
both
4.
No
9.
Unknow
n
O.
Em
plo
ym
ent P
rovid
es (o
r Offe
nder H
as) A
ccess to
M
inors a
t Tim
e o
f Offe
nse
?
1.
Yes
2.
No
9.
Unknow
n
P.
Use
of M
ate
rial to
“Gro
om
” Min
ors?
1.
Yes
2.
No
9.
Unknow
n
Q.
Offe
nder P
sych
ose
xual A
ssessm
ent D
one?
1.
Yes
2.
No
9.
Unknow
n
R.
If Psy
chose
xual A
ssessm
ent D
one, R
isk L
evel?
1.
Low
2.
Mediu
m
3.
Hig
h
9.
Unknow
n
S.
Offe
nder a
Registe
red S
ex O
ffender (a
t time o
f
offe
nse
)?
1.
Yes
2.
No
9.
Unknow
n
Codes fo
r Substa
nce
s Use
d/G
iven:
0
None
5 M
eth
am
pheta
min
e 1
0 O
ther
1
Alco
hol
6 E
cstasy
9
9 M
issing
2
Tobacco
7 H
ero
in
3
Mariju
ana
8 O
ther S
chedule
I/II dru
g
4
Coca
ine
9 P
rescrip
tion d
rug
5
MeEcsta
sy
6
Oth
er S
chedule
I/II
Con
tent/C
ollectin
g B
ehavio
r
T.
How
Was C
hild
Porn
Initia
lly D
iscovere
d?
1.
Durin
g S
ting –
Onlin
e S
olicita
tion o
r Child
Porn
Investig
atio
n
2.
Reporte
d
3.
Com
pute
r/Phone/D
evice
Repair o
r Resa
le
4.
Sex/C
hild
Abuse
Case
5.
Develo
pin
g P
icture
6.
Sent E
-mail/W
eb
7.
Cell p
hone/S
mart p
hone
8.
Oth
er m
eans
9.
Unknow
n
U.
Num
ber o
f Still Im
ages: _
_______ (9
999 =
Unk.)
V.
Num
ber o
f Vid
eos: _
_______ (9
999 =
Unk.)
If Yes, L
ongest L
ength
? ________
W.
Types o
f Sex C
onduct D
epicte
d (C
heck
All th
at A
pply
) 1.
Genita
ls/exposu
re
2.
Mastu
rbatio
n
3.
Ora
l penetra
tion (o
r atte
mpt)
4.
Anal p
enetra
tion (o
r atte
mpt)
5.
Sexual in
terco
urse
(or a
ttem
pt)
6.
Conta
ct betw
een a
dult a
nd m
inor
7.
Conta
ct betw
een m
inors
8.
Physica
lly v
iole
nt (in
cl. sadism
/maso
chism
)
9.
Bondage
10. U
rinatio
n/d
efe
catio
n
11. B
estia
lity
12. D
efe
ndant a
ppeare
d in
child
porn
99. U
nknow
n
X.
Defe
ndant P
roduce
d C
hild
Porn
?
1.
No
2.
Yes
9.
Unknow
n
Y.
Defe
ndant D
istribute
d/R
etra
nsm
itted C
hild
Porn
?
1.
No
2.
Thro
ugh P
eer-to
-Peer (P
2P) F
ile-S
harin
g
Pro
gra
ms
3.
Thro
ugh C
hild
Porn
“Onlin
e C
om
munitie
s” 4.
Oth
er M
eans
9.
Unknow
n
Z.
Offe
nder P
oste
d M
ate
rial to
Inte
rnet?
1.
No
2.
Yes –
if so, th
en list w
ebsite
________
9.
Unknow
n
AA. H
ow
Was C
hild
Porn
Obta
ined? (C
heck
All th
at A
pply
) 1.
Inte
rnet/d
ow
nlo
aded
2.
Em
ail
3.
Obta
ined fro
m th
e su
bje
ct
4.
Texte
d v
ia ce
ll phone/sm
artp
hone
5.
Thro
ugh a
socia
l netw
ork
6.
Hard
copy (m
agazin
e, p
ublica
tion, b
y m
ail)
7.
Part o
f a g
roup/rin
g/co
mm
unity
of u
sers
8.
Pro
duce
d b
y o
ffender
9.
Oth
er m
eans
99. U
nknow
n
BB. D
ate
of In
itial In
volv
em
ent w
ith C
hild
Porn
/Earlie
st D
ow
nlo
ad D
ate
: ________
CC. D
ate
of M
ost R
ece
nt In
volv
em
ent w
ith C
hild
Porn
/Most R
ece
nt D
ow
nlo
ad D
ate
: ________
D
D. S
ecu
rity M
easu
res T
aken to
Avoid
Dete
ction
(Check
All th
at A
pply
)
1.
None
2.
Passw
ord
s for co
mpute
r login
3.
Softw
are
to e
rase
bro
wsin
g h
istory
4.
Encry
ptio
n/lo
ckin
g o
f files
5.
Oth
er m
easu
res
6.
Unknow
n
EE. P
led G
uilty
? 1.
No
2.
Yes
9.
Unknow
n
If Ple
d G
uilty
, then P
lea A
gre
em
ent?
1. N
o
2. Y
es
9. U
nknow
n
If Ple
d G
uilty
, then S
ente
ncin
g A
gre
em
ent?
1. N
o
2. Y
es
9. U
nknow
n
FF. A
lso P
osse
ssed A
dult P
orn
ogra
phy?
1.
No
2.
Yes
3.
Unknow
n
If Yes, W
hat P
erce
nta
ge o
f Porn
Involv
ed
Child
ren? _
_______
GG
. Images In
troduce
d In
to E
vid
ence
?
1.
No
2.
Yes
3.
Unknow
n
HH
. Victim
Impact S
tate
ment S
ubm
itted?
1.
No
2.
Yes, p
repare
d b
y su
bje
ct 3.
Yes, p
repare
d b
y p
are
nt
4.
Yes, p
repare
d b
y o
ther p
erso
n
5.
Yes, p
repare
r unknow
n
9.
Unknow
n
II. D
ata
/Info
rmatio
n S
ource
: 1.
Police
report
2.
Pro
secu
tor’s file
s
3.
Victim
/witn
ess sta
tem
ent
4.
Court re
cord
s
5.
PSI re
port
6.
Defe
ndant (d
efe
ndant’s v
ersio
n in
PSI)
7.
Com
bin
atio
n o
f multip
le so
urce
s 9.
Unknow
n
Sentencing Events with
Possession of Child Pornography
as the Most Serious Offense
FY2009 – FY2013
Study Option 1
6
Region 1 Tidewater Cases: 35
Region 2 Northern Virginia Cases: 77
Region 5 Southside Virginia Cases: 35
Region 4 Southwest Virginia Cases: 49
Region 3 Central Virginia Cases: 53
Region 6 Shenandoah Valley/Piedmont Cases: 44
7
Study Option 1
Study Option 1
Cost Estimate – Field Work
Region 1
Tidewater
Region 2
Northern
Region 3
Central
Region 4
Southwest
Region 5
Southside
Region 6
Shenandoah TOTAL
Number of cases 35 77 53 49 35 44 293
Number of localities to visit 15 6 13 14 12 16 76
Number of localities per day 2 2 2 2 2 2
Number of field days 7.5 4.0 6.5 7.0 6.0 8.0 39
Number of staff per team 2 2 2 2 2 2
Number of trips 2 2 2 2 2 2
Staff time $ 2,723 $ 1,452 $ 2,360 $ 2,541 $ 2,178 $ 2,904
Lodging $ 1,068 $ 352 $ 830 $ 950 $ 664 $ 996
Meals $ 704 $ 352 $ 616 $ 616 $ 528 $ 704
Vehicle/Gas $ 571 $ 294 $ 498 $ 514 $ 440 $ 587
TOTAL $ 5,066 $ 2,450 $ 4,303 $ 4,621 $ 3,811 $ 5,192 $ 25,443
8
Extra field day due to
large number of cases
in Fairfax
Study Option 1
Cost Estimate - Total
Field work $ 25,443
Keying, cleaning, and analysis of data
2 staff, 1.5 months each $ 16,576
TOTAL $ 42,019
9
Option 1 (Presented at April 14, 2014 meeting)
Use entire data collection instrument
Travel to Circuit Court Clerks’ and Commonwealth’s
Attorneys’ offices to gather data from files
Analyze and test factors based on data collected
Option 2
Use pared-down data collection instrument
Limit travel to localities with more than 10 cases
For remaining localities, ask Commonwealth’s
Attorneys’ Offices to complete pared-down form
Analyze and test factors based on data collected
Option 3
Add FY2014 data to the analysis and retest proposed
changes presented in 2013 Annual Report
Proposed Study Options
10
Study Option 2
I. Subject’s Relationship to Offender:
1. Stranger/None
2. Known to Victim (not relative or
step-parent)
3. Relative (not step-parent)
4. Step-Parent
5. Other Position of Trust
11
Study Option 2
12
13
Offender used a Peer-to-Peer (P2P)
File-Sharing Program?
___ Yes
___ No
___ Unknown
Offender participated in a child
pornography “online community”?
___ Yes
___ No
___ Unknown
Localities with
10 or More Cases
Albemarle 10 Cases
Chesterfield 16 Cases
Fairfax 47 Cases
Prince William 14 Cases
Study Option 2
14
Cases
Accomack 1
Albemarle 10
Alleghany 2
Amherst 1
Arlington 5
Augusta 1
Bedford 8
Bland 1
Buchanan 2
Buckingham 1
Campbell 1
Carroll 4
Chesterfield 16
Fairfax County 47
Fauquier 6
Fluvanna 1
Frederick 4
Gloucester 1
Goochland 1
Grayson 1
Greene 1
Hanover 3
Henrico 8
James City 1
Loudoun 3
Louisa 4
Lunenburg 2
Cases
Alexandria 2
Buena Vista 1
Charlottesville 3
Chesapeake 1
Colonial Heights 3
Fredericksburg 4
Hampton 1
Hopewell 1
Lynchburg 6
Martinsville 1
Newport News 2
Norfolk 8
Portsmouth 1
Radford 6
Richmond City 3
Roanoke City 6
Salem 3
Staunton 4
Suffolk 1
Virginia Beach 8
Waynesboro 1
Williamsburg 2
Winchester 3
Cases
Middlesex 1
Montgomery 7
Nelson 1
New Kent 1
Northampton 1
Northumberland 1
Pittsylvania 2
Powhatan 1
Prince George 2
Prince William 14
Pulaski 3
Richmond County 1
Roanoke County 3
Rockbridge 2
Rockingham 3
Russell 6
Scott 2
Smyth 4
Spotsylvania 7
Stafford 3
Tazewell 3
Warren 3
Washington 2
Wise 5
Wythe 3
York 5
Sentencing Events with Possession of Child Pornography as the Most Serious Offense
by Jurisdiction FY2009 – FY2013
Total Cases = 293 15
16
Study Option 2
Cost Estimate – Field Work
Fairfax Chesterfield Prince William Albemarle TOTAL
Number of cases 47 16 14 10 81
Number of staff
per team 2 2 2 2
Number of field days 3 1 1 1 6
Staff time $ 1,089 $ 363 $ 363 $ 363
Lodging $ 352 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0
Meals $ 264 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0
Vehicle/Gas $ 166 $ 0 $ 73 $ 63
TOTAL $ 1,871 $ 363 $ 436 $ 426 $ 3,096
Study Option 2
Cost Estimate - Total
Field work $ 3,096
Sending out data collection forms & follow-up
with Commonwealth’s Attorneys’ Offices
2 staff, 5 days each
$ 1,815
Keying, cleaning, and analysis of data
2 staff, 1.0 month each $ 11,051
TOTAL $ 15,962
17
Option 1 (Presented at April 14, 2014 meeting)
Use entire data collection instrument
Travel to Circuit Court Clerks’ and Commonwealth’s
Attorneys’ offices to gather data from files
Analyze and test factors based on data collected
Option 2
Use pared-down data collection instrument
Limit travel to localities with more than 10 cases
For remaining localities, ask Commonwealth’s
Attorneys’ Offices to complete pared-down form
Analyze and test factors based on data collected
Option 3
Add FY2014 data to the analysis and retest proposed
changes presented in 2013 Annual Report
Proposed Study Options
18
Study Option 3
Cost Estimate - Total
Analysis of data
2 staff, 1.0 week each $ 2,541
19
Option 1 (Presented at April 14, 2014 meeting)
Use entire data collection instrument
Travel to Circuit Court Clerks’ and Commonwealth’s
Attorneys’ offices to gather data from files
Analyze and test factors based on data collected
Option 2
Use pared-down data collection instrument
Limit travel to localities with more than 10 cases
For remaining localities, ask Commonwealth’s
Attorneys’ Offices to complete pared-down form
Analyze and test factors based on data collected
Option 3
Add FY2014 data to the analysis and retest proposed
changes presented in 2013 Annual Report
Proposed Study Options
20
Estimated
Cost:
$ 42,019
Estimated
Cost:
$ 15,962
Estimated
Cost:
$ 2,541
Possession/Reproduction
Offenses Actual
Practice
Recommended
under Current
Sentencing
Guidelines
Probation or
Incarceration
Up to 6 Months
33.4% 30.9%
Incarceration
More than 6 months
(Range includes prison)
66.6% 69.1%
Current guidelines could be
more closely aligned to the
actual prison incarceration rate
Actual versus Recommended Prison Incarceration Rates for
Possession/Reproduction of Child Pornography Offenses (§ 18.2-374.1:1)
FY2009 – FY2013 (Preliminary)
Sentencing Commission’s 2013 Annual Report
21
Sentencing Commission’s 2013 Annual Report
6 5
22
Sentencing Commission’s 2013 Annual Report
Split Additional Offense factor and increase points for certain offenses
Additional Offenses
Primary offense OTHER THAN Primary offense
Production or Possession of Child Porn Production or Possession of Child Porn
§ 18.2-374.1 or § 18.2-374.1:1(A,B) § 18.2-374.1 or § 18.2-374.1:1(A,B)
Maximum Penalty Points Maximum Penalty Points
Years: 5 – 26 ................................... 1 Years: 5 – 26 ................................... 2
27 – 52 …………………........ 2 27 – 52 …………………........ 3
53 or more ........................... 3 53 or more ........................... 4
23
Actual versus Recommended Prison Sentences
Possession of Child Pornography Offenses (§ 18.2-374.1:1)
FY2009 – FY2013
1 count
Actual
Practice
Recommended
under Existing
Sentencing
Guidelines
Mean Sentence 2.3 years 3.2 years
Median Sentence 1.7 years 2.5 years
Recommended
under Proposed
Sentencing
Guidelines
2.3 years
1.9 years
For cases scored on Section C,
the proposed guidelines better
reflect actual sentencing practices
Sentencing Commission’s 2013 Annual Report
24
Sentencing Commission’s 2013 Annual Report
48 24 12
76 38 19
2 counts ……………………………..... 216 …... 108 ……. 54
Fewer points
for possession
offenses
25
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