postmodern (1)
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What Makes a Great Picture?
15-463: Computational PhotographyAlexei Efros, CMU, Fall 2011
Robert Doisneau, 1955
With many slides from Yan Ke,
as annotated by Tamara Berg
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Framing
Photography is all about framing. We see a subject --and we put a frame around it. Essentially, that isphotography when all is said and done.
--from photo.blorge.com
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Frame serves several purposes:
1. It gives the image depth
2. Use correctly, framing can draw the eye of
the viewer of an interest to a particular part ofthe scene.
3. Framing can bring a sense of organization or
containment to an image.4. Framing can add context to a shot.
http://digital-photography-school.com/blog/frame-your-images/
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Examples of nice framing
http://flickr.com/photos/paulosacramento/226545698/
http://flickr.com/photos/chrisbeach/13868545/
http://flickr.com/photos/74531485@N00/929270814/http://flickr.com/photos/freakdog/223117229/
http://flickr.com/photos/cdm/253805482/
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Rules of Thirds
http://www.photo96.com/blog/?p=371
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Other examples
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Complementary colors (of opposite hue
on color wheel)
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Photography 101
Composition
Framing
Rule of Thirds
Leading Lines Textures and Patterns
Lighting
Direction
Color coordination / balance
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I am a sucky photographer
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but I am a pretty good photo critic!
http://flickr.com/photos/aaefros/
# of my Paris photos on Flickr: 32
Total # of my Paris photos: ~1250 ~2%
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The Postmodern Photographer
The Old Days: a pre-process
Load film
Find subject
Position camera Set all the settings just right
Take a deep breath
...Press buttom!
The New Digital Days: a post-process
Get a 2 GB memory cartridge
Take pictures like there is no tomorrow!!!
Back home, spend hours of agony trying to find 1-2 goodones
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How to recognize the good photos?
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Y. Ke, X. Tang, and F. Jing. The Design of High-Level Features
for Photo Quality Assessment. CVPR 2006.
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Not considering semantic measures of what makes a photo good (subject matter, humor, etc).Professional = those you would frame, snapshot = those that would stay in photo album.
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Prof - Obvious what one should be looking at
ie easy to separate subject from the
background. Snap unstructured, busy, filledwith clutter.
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Abstract concepts - Good composition, color &
lighting
- Snaps entire photo blurry indicates poor technique. Prof - background out offocus by widening the lens aperture, but foreground in sharp focus.
Make the subject pop out bychoosing complementary colors forsubject & background. Isolate thesubject by increasing lightingcontrast between subject &background.
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(Sur) Snaps look real, whileprof photos look surreal.
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(Sur)
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Techniques
Lighting conditions time of day (morning, dusk), colored filters toadjust color balance (make sky bluer, sunset more brilliant),careful color selection of scene
Camera settings adjust settings like focal length, aperture, shutter
speeds to modify mood, perspective. Eg might use long shutterspeed to capture waterfall and give a misty look
Subject matter ordinary objects in unusual poses or settings(challenging since would need obj rec first)
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rying to capture a photo!s "simplicity#
More edgesnear border
due tobackgroundclutter
More edgesnear centerof img
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Edge width
Calculate area that edges occupy width of boundingbox covering 96% of edge energy
Cluttered regions should tend to produce a larger
bounding box, and well defined subjects shouldproduce a smaller one.
.94 .56
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- uniue hues smaller for prof photos
een though they tend to look more
ibrant and colorful (,/ may ary more) 0
another measure related to "simplicity#
20 bin histogram defining
possible unique hues
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Most unlikely colors
From Lalonde and Efros, ICCV2007
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Prof photos
should
hae some
part ofphoto in
sharp focus
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Professional photographers may adjust e'posure to be correct on
subject only so subj pops from bkd. Cameras tend to adjust
brightness to aerage at 43 gray, but prof photos might deiate
significantly. 5se ae brightness as feature.
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Use photos average rating asground truth quality measure
Use only top 10%, bottom10% as dataset.
Use half for training/half for
testing.
Photo contest website,
user rated
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72% classification
rate
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Oscar (Lei Yau et al, IJCV11)
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Oscar (Lei Yau et al, IJCV 11)
Lucky Imaging
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Lucky Imaging
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Juliet Bernstein,Aseem Agarwala, Brian Curless. "CandidPortrait Selection From Video," ACM Transactions onGraphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH Asia 2011)
http://grail.cs.washington.edu/projects/candid_video_portraits/
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