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“A STUDY ON OPTIMIZATION OF ELECTRICAL POWER CONSUMPTIONAND APPLICATION OF GREEN TECHNOLOGY AT
M/s IEC DOW CHEMICAL INTERNATIONAL PRIVATE LIMITED”
MASTER IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
SubmittedBy
GOPINATH. J
Regn. No.
1
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APROJECT REPORT
ON
“A STUDY ON OPTIMIZATION OF ELECTRICAL POWER CONSUMPTIONAND APPLICATION OF GREEN TECHNOLOGY AT
M/s IEC DOW CHEMICAL INTERNATIONAL PRIVATE LIMITED”
MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
SUBMITTEDBY
GOPINATH. JReg . N!.
2
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ABSTRACT
In order to bring in a principal combination of efficiency and effectiveness in
the right place and at the right time Facility Management at M/s IEC recognize a
need for a tool to optimize its electrical power consumption to improve its
operational efficiency and an effective power management strategy ‘application of
green technology’ in its site !ptimizing power consumption and the application of
"reen #echnology is a facility management strategy that helps businesses doesboth $ma%ing money& and $saving the planet& 'hen we conserve energy
resources( our nation can en)oy cleaner air and a healthier environment( and we
can help protect the climate *uilding "reen *uildings or energy+efficient
buildings will not only save your money( allowing us to provide more healthy(
comfortable and sustainable future
I "opinath , conducted an e-ploratory study entitled $ A study on
optimization of electrical power consumption and application of green
technology at M/s IEC ow chemical international pri!ate limited & entailing
fine+grained methodologies in the form of evaluation of various technologies for
adoption and evaluation of various factors that leads to higher power
consumption( reducing primary energy consumption from . 0C system and to
determine a system for M/s IEC that optimize power consumption( through an
analysis of intensive case studies and through our e-perience in other pro)ects
that are well suited for this type of pro)ects( that can address 1uestions about the
process( conte-t( and customization of change strategies that lead to sustainable
performance 23ettigrew et al ( 45567
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#he paper systematically classifies the published literature using different
techni1ues( and also identifies the possible gaps
#he paper outlines important techni1ues used in various maintenance
optimization models including the *rain 8troming techni1ue to find out why power
consumption is more at IEC( 9ating system to evaluate the root cause( Fish bone
diagram #here is an emerging trend towards uses of 'hy 'hy analysis of
selection of probable root causes and them narrow down the probable root cause
to a few #his study classifies the literature on electrical consumption
optimization models and based on emerging trends it outlines the directions for
future research in the area of similar Facilities Management 8ervices
#he current study aims at filling this gap through an analysis of
comprehensive electrical power consumption optimization system for M/s IEC
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER TOPICS PAGE NO.
ABSTRACT
I INTRODUCTION• Research Background• Introduction to the Industry• Company Pro i!e
3
II LITERATURE REVIEW• Need or an "nergy Sa#ing $ode!• Concepts and Indicators•
Bui!ding "nergy $anagement System• Breaking the myth that the green a!%ays costs more
&
III OBJECTIVE" SCOPE # LIMITATIONS
• 'b(ecti#e o the study• Scope o the study• )imitation o the study
1*
I+ RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
• Research design• $ethods o data co!!ection
1,
+ ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
• -d#antages /isad#antages o 0I in Indian-utomoti#e Industry Conte t
•
Identi ied -ttributes o 0I Purchasing System
22
+I CONCLUSIONS• indings• Suggestions• Conc!usion
41
BIBLIOGRAPHY 4*
*
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RESEARC" BAC#$R%&'
#raditionally( energy has been viewed as a cost( a bill to be paid and an
e-pense to be controlled #hose who are ready for the future( however have
matured into a new perspective towards energy and are shifting their operations(
to capitalize on the full value of energy as a :raw material:( a resource that can
be applied to grow and sustain their business into the future 0mong the different
challenges faced by facilities managers( inefficient energy consumption of buildings( and a need for application of green technology for a "reen ; Clean
*uilding are the today’s two ma)or challenges !ptimizing power consumption
and the application of "reen #echnology is a facility management strategy that
helps businesses does both $ma%ing money& and $saving the planet& 'hen we
conserve energy resources( our nation can en)oy cleaner air and a healthier
environment( and we can help protect the climate *uilding "reen *uildings or
energy+efficient buildings will not only save your money( allowing us to provide
more healthy( comfortable and sustainable future
<iteratures show optimization of power consumption and application of "reen
#echnology is that innovation which reduces waste by changing patterns of
consumption and/or production and It is also defined as environmental healing
technology( which reduces environmental damages created by the products and
technologies for peoples= conveniences Most of the businesses may not be very
e-cited to $go green& by reducing the consumption and emissions since their
motto is to ma%e money not to save the planet #he global strategy should be to
help businesses do both
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Energy use of buildings presents >5? of the total primary energy
consumption in India !ften( this energy is consumed inefficiently *y addressing
cause+and effect 5 relationships@ most of the problems predominantly arise from
the building technical operation and management 0 study of 6A4 commercial
buildings has found that B5? of the buildings have control problems 8avings of
up to ? have been achieved by correction of control problems #his
demonstrates that solving control related problems contributes significantly in
primary energy savings
M/s IEC identified an opportunity that present Electrical 3ower Consumption
can be reduced by at least ? by leveraging similar power saving pro)ect
e-perience( Moreover this pro)ect will lead further similar studies at other M/s
D!' various other locations globally
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cluster of companies that provide single services and specialize in services such
as catering and pantry( cleaning and house%eeping( security and others #he
mar%et for hard services has high prominence in the I# sector as it outsource the
wor% to professionalized and well+e1uipped service providers Cleaning and
.ouse%eeping services contribute a higher percentage of the mar%et followed by
maintenance and engineering services and finally security services and others
#he commercial sector witnessed the highest percentage share of the overall
FM services mar%et #he commercial sector is maturing( providing huge potential
among other sectors such as telecom( retail and industrial as "lobal M Cs such
as 0ccenture( o%ia( Cisco( Microsoft( and others demand outsourced FM
services in India 3resence of global and Indian M Cs is the ma)or driver for the
growth of this mar%et across various end+user sectors as they are the potential
customers due to their increased awareness levels and willingness to invest in
such services outsourced services coupled with the investment boom in real
estate and construction sectors "rowth of this mar%et is driven by the need for
safety( comfort( and healthy environment of the employees as well as the
increase in awareness about outsourced services among customers #he mar%et
sustained the situation and improved its penetration largely through e-isting
contracts although the economy witnessed slowdown in the last 4+A years
#herefore( it is observed that the current economic situation prevailing in the 8
and Euro zone will not have much impact on the growth of this mar%et India’s
growth is e-pected to be intact with a "D3 growth rate of >+ percent in the
coming years due to the current economic scenario and its long term implication
on the emerging countries
I' &STR( C"A))E'$ES
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<ac% of availability of technical and non+technical manpower is one of the
biggest challenges the industry is facing currently #he lac% of 1ualified staff has
increased the lead times in mobilizing resources/staff after a pro)ect has been
successfully contracted Increase in inflation and labor cost have forced many
customers to replace long+term contracts with medium+term ones Many
customers find it easier to maintain medium+ and short+term contracts rather than
long+term ones as the latter will lead to price rise
#he ne-t big factor posing as a deterrent is competition 8ince the mar%et is
riddled with low cost unorganized service providers( pricing and margins come
under pressure as these unorganized players provide services at low rates(
essentially scuttling the competition from large organized players .owever( many
international property management companies have entered into this mar%et and
achieved phenomenal growth rates over the last five years
$reen Technology
In general( the technologies and related services in the $green& sector can be
grouped into the following categoriesJ
Energy
• 9enewable and alternative energy production• Energy conservation• Energy storage
'ater
•
'ater conservation• 'ater recycling• 3roduction of water from alternative sources( such as desalination
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• Construction( building operation and building maintenance• 3ower generation and distribution• 'ater systems• 9etailing• 8upply chains
"reen technology affects these sectors in a wide variety of ways For
e-ample( the broad field of energy continues to produce transportation fuel and
electricity in a largely traditional manner 2from natural gas( coal and petroleum7
0t the same time( however( a very significant effort within the energy sector is
focused on conservation and efficiency as well as the development of renewable
energy sources In fact( throughout the green technology field( conservation is
where the low+hanging fruit lies #he easiest green solutions will be in better
insulation in buildings@ lighter materials
in cars( truc%s and airplanes@ reduction of today’s massive lea%s in municipal
water systems@ and better storage( in the emerging world( of agricultural products
in order to reduce spoilage
8imply ma%ing efficiency( in materials and energy usage( a consideration in
engineering and design of all types is already having a dramatic effect on
sustainability For e-ample( 'al+Mart( the world’s largest retailer by far( set a goal
for its suppliers to reduce pac%aging on average by >? from 455G to 456A 0t
first glance( this may not sound li%e much( but the fact is that the amount of pac%aged products that flow through 'al+Mart in a given year( with its KH B
billionL in annual revenues( is so massive that >? will add up to a tremendous
amount
0s part of this process( the company has created a sustainable pac%aging
scorecard for more than B4 (555 items that are sold in its stores and 8am’s
Clubs #he scorecard evaluates the environmental attributes of pac%aging( and
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enables its suppliers to measure whether or not their pac%aging reduces energy
consumption( cuts waste and fosters sustainability #he company even has an
annual $8ustainable 3ac%aging E-po& where its suppliers can meet with leading
pac%aging manufacturers and designers to learn about the latest technologies
and innovations <ong term( 'al+Mart has set a goal of being pac%aging+neutral
by 454> #hat is( the company plans to be recycling pac%aging and waste to the
e-tent that it uses no more pac%aging materials than it creates *y 456A( the
company was already G5? effective
Company 3rofile
LITERATURE REVIEW
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NEED FOR AN ENERGY SAVING MODEL
CONCEPTS # INDICATORS
BUILDING ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
BREA$ING THE MYTH THAT GREEN ALWAYSCOSTS MORE
'EE *%R A' E'ER$( SA+I'$ ,R%$RAM M% E) 0ppropriate energy use and management are the first steps to true savings
and to creating an effective energy savings plan #he methodology shown in
Figure can be used to establish this type of plan #his methodology see%s to
create a virtuous cycle of constant improvement that helps establish minimum
efficiency parameters within a company
#he purpose of this methodology is to have a tool to elaborate a wor% plan
that outlines a useful and applicable energy savings program 0s with any
framewor% methodology( certain measures must be available to monitor progress(
including concepts and indicators that help guide the company and allow it to
understand its health in terms of energy consumption
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.owever( it is necessary to follow a se1uential framewor% to establish an
action plan #he following simple and structured methodology can be used as a
model to build a concrete wor% plan
#he previous diagram tries to establish a baseline for an entire company@
however( it is necessary to add standard measurements and concepts #here are
factors and indicators that can be used as tools to measure certain important
parameters in terms of energy use( generation and consumption Certain
practical %nowledge is needed to determine operational efficiency
8ome basic indicators( such as demand factors( production factors and
ma-imum demand( among others( offer a clear panorama of a company’s energy
health In addition( they indicate which areas need improvement in order to reach
certain energy savings #his is applicable to both offices and industries
Concepts and indicators
1*
Stage19-greementson Company "nergySa#ings
Regu!ator yCommittee
Stage49 "#a!uation oProposed P!an
Stage29 Study on
Company5s "nergy:se
Stage39 Programs to$anage "nergySa#ings
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Power factor
If the industry is large enough( it may be penalized by its power factor 2pf7
#his factor is basically an indicator of electrical efficiency or the electricity that is
used For e-ample( an electric stove or incandescent light bulb has a pf of 6 In
any other appliance( the electrical charge’s power is not completely used( since
the current passes through and is not used 655? due to normal losses caused
by the appliance
#he power factor for an industry should e1ual appro-imately 5 0ny number
below that will be penalized on the monthly bill( at least in the case of Costa 9ica'hat does a power factor lower than 5 imply 8een from the consumer’s point
of view( it means an increase in electricity consumption( strong drops in
conductor tension( a reduction in the useful life of appliances and appliance
imbalances
!n the other hand( from the perspective of the electricity distributor( a low
power factor means greater investment in electrical generation e1uipment
because N 0 2%ilovolt amperes7 capacity is affected > In addition( the distributor
has to use lines and transformers with greater capacity( increasing energy loss
and associated costs
Electric current
Electrical energy flow( or electric current( is measured in amperes 207 #o
generate an electric current through a cable( there must be a $difference of
tension or voltage& between the two ends( which is e-pressed in volts 2 7 'ater
and electricity have very similar behaviors in terms of flows 0s an analogy( if a
person wants water to move through a tube( there must be different pressures
between the two ends of the tube #his same principle applies to electricity
1&
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*y creating a great difference in tension( large amounts of electricity O or
power O can be transported per second using transmission lines or cables
Electric power is measured in watts 2'7( and e1uals the voltage multiplied by the
amperage
3ower P - 0
#wo types of electric currents can be produced by electrical generatorsJ
Direct current 2DC7J energy travels or is transported in only one direction( from
positive to negative Direct current is used in low ‐ capacity systems( for e-ample(
batteries( cell phone batteries and low ‐ tension photovoltaic systems
0lternating current 20C7J this current continuously alternates direction in a
cyclical wave pattern( causing a sinusoidal voltage wave with both positive and
negative pea%s #he numbers of cycles per second is the fre1uency and is
e-pressed in hertz 2.z7 0n electrical grid normally has a fre1uency of >5 .z
2Europe7 or B5 .z 2Continental 0merica7 #his type of current is used in large(
high‐
tension systems( such as electrical stations( and is sent through theelectrical grid to houses and productive centers !ne of the reasons why
alternating currents are used is because it is cheaper to increase or decrease its
voltage( and less energy is lost using high ‐ tension systems to transport energy
over long distances
"enerally( watts per hour are used to e-press the amount of electrical energy
used 2or 'h7 !ne watt/hour is e1uivalent to the amount of converted energy
during one hour for an appliance with 6 watt of power Energy consumption is
also regularly e-pressed in %ilowatts per hour 2%'h7
'hP Q0h
where is the general system tension or voltage
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Capacity factor
Capacity factor is used as an indicator to measure the productivity of an
electrical generation of any utility for e-ample( a hydroelectric( biomass( wind or
solar system( among others #his indicator is the comparison of real production
during a given amount of time with the amount of energy produced theoretically( if
the plant had been producing at 655? capacity during that timeframe 8ee the
following formula
9eal production
Capacity factor P +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ - 655
#heoretical 3roduction
Consider the following e-ampleJ a system of 6 %' could theoretically
generate G( B5 %'h in one year #his calculation was made usingJ
•
EnergyP power - time• #herefore( the energy generated would be 6%' - 4H hours/day - AB>
days P G( B5%'h
It is important to note that an electrical generation plant cannot operate 655?
of the time( due to maintenance and system and e1uipment technical failures(
among other reasons Continuing with the previous e-ample( if this plant’s real
annual production was >(555 %'h( then its capacity factor would beJ
>(555
r capacity factor P +++++++++++++ - 655 P > ?
G B5
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#his is a good capacity factor 0 good factor is usually one e1ualing B5 ‐ 5?(
even reaching more than 5? in e-ceptional cases( depending on the industry
and business
Maximum demand
Ma-imum demand is representative of a period of time and has to do with
electrical charges( from motors( compressors( lighting and refrigeration
e1uipment( among others( that are in use during that timeframe In other words(
demand is the specific value in time for energy consumption of determined
charges( measured in power units called %ilowatts 2%'7
3ea%s of ma-imum demand can be controlled !ne way to do so is to avoid
using electrical charges within the building at the same time 0nother way is to
schedule sections of production when the cost per %' is lower( for e-ample( at
night Companies can also scale the timing when e1uipment is turned on and off
#his can be scheduled to incorporate preventive maintenance and offers two
benefits First( it avoids dead time and e-penses in production due to
maintenance issues 'ith good maintenance( the availability of e1uipment can
increase by up to 5? #he second benefit comes from decreasing e-cessive
energy use from unnecessary e1uipment in a factory
Production schedules, an easy tool to use.
#here are several simple and low ‐ cost tools that we can implement to save
energy without ma%ing a huge investment !ne is %nowing the different rates for
%'h( depending on the schedule( region or country 3ea% consumption hours are
times when electrical energy demand is high 8cheduling scaled production
based on consumption hours and changing the times that people start wor%
during the year( can result in savings of up to 45? in each monthly electricity bill17
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Demand factors
#his is the relationship between electrical system’s ma-imum demand and
the total charge connected at a specific time #his can be e-pressed using the
followingJ
Ma-imum demand
Demand factor P +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
#otal potential charge
#his factor provides a panorama of the percentage of real demand at a factory
or building
Building Energy Management Systems
*uilding Energy Management 8ystems 2*EM87 is one of the best %nown
solutions in improving building operation #he *EM8 are can be applied to the
control of active systems( i e heating( ventilation( and air+conditioning 2. 0C7
systems( while also determining their operating times 0lthough using *EM8 has
proved that it is one of the effective ways for building operation( it is still restricted
to simple data measuring and metering for heating and cooling on a monthly
basis Furthermore( this method allows only for detection of high energy
consumption without detecting the main reasons for faults in the system
especially in comple- systems such as the . 0C
8imulation+based control is a technology in ne-t+generation building systems
where it can assist in more efficient operation for the *uilding Energy
Management systems Moreover( it has the ability for fault detection and
diagnosis #his re1uires creating a calibrated model that acts almost as the real
building #he current researches revolve around control optimization using either
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forward model or data+driven model Most of the researches adopted the data
driven model for solving heating( ventilation and cooling problems which was
successful for controlling some parts but it did not ta%e into consideration the
physical interactions of the whole building system .
Brea-ing the Myth that $reen Always Costs More
'hile many green materials and technologies do cost more( it has been
demonstrated that many green strategies and technologies actually cost the
same and some even cost less than traditional $not+so+green& technologies *y
blending the right mi- of green technologies that cost less with greentechnologies that cost the same or slightly more( it is possible to have a very
green building pro)ect that costs the same as a conventional one !ften the %ey
to a cost effective green building and site design lies within the interrelationships
and associated cost and performance trade+offs that e-ist between different
building systems For e-ample( the use of high performance windows and
window frames increases the first cost of the building envelope( however the
resulting reduction in the size and cost of the buildings heating and cooling
system more than offsets the added cost of the better glazing system #he result
is a building that has a comparable or perhaps even a lower first cost( a higher
comfort level( lower energy use( and lower energy bills and operating cost for the
life of the building #here are many living e-amples of cost effective green
building in Chennai
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CHAPTER III
OBJECTIVES" SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS
OBJECTIVIES OF THE STUDY
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
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OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
•
0 system for optimizing Electrical 3ower Consumption at M/s IEC• 9educing present Electrical 3ower consumption by at least ?(• 9educing primary energy consumption from . 0C 2.eating( entilation( 0ir+
condition7 system• 9eviewing the challenges and available options for the application of "reen
#echnology
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SCOPE OF THE STUDY%
#he scope of the study $ A study on optimization of electrical power
consumption and application of green technology at M/s IEC ow chemical
international pri!ate limited & is in finding out the root cause and the attributes to
be considered in optimizing the present electrical power consumption and to find
out the attributes for application of "reen #echnology which has significant
impact on the performance of Facilities Management at M/s IEC
#his study is concerned in finding various causes of high electricity power
consumption( reducing primary energy consumption from a . 0C system at M/s
IEC( the attributes for optimizing the power consumption and implementation of
"reen #echnology
#his study was conducted by surveying various similar pro)ects( reports(
materials( surveys and boo%s related to the topic( and by interviewing few e-perts
on the sub)ect in my organization
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LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
0 good pro)ect report describes and e-plains the results derived at through the
study 0s a result( whichever limitation occurs in the study( also creep into the
pro)ect and become the limitations of the report In 8hort( it can be said that a
study is as precise as the limitations of its study Every assignment has its own
limitations and so did by me I have listed a few of the limitations of my studies
belowJ
6 #he study was limited to attributes identified at M/s IEC may not be applied
by other companies for reducing its power consumption e1ually
4 #iming of the study may be a factor( results based on attributes related to
the period of study
A #he time period of the study being only few wee%s( it was not possible to
conduct a highly in+depth and detailed study( which in turn might affect the
findings
H Different people have different thought process and different attitudes 0s
a result( opinion of e-perts may differ #herefore( the results derived from
this study differs when apply at other conte-t
2*
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CHAPTER IV
METHODOLOGY
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Research esign
$0 research design in the specification of methods and procedures for ac1uiring
the needed information it is the over all operational pattern of frame wor% of the
pro)ect that stipulates what information is to be collected from which sources by
what procedures&
#o test the reliability( of the power consumption optimization solution and to
define a %ey principles( technology and strategies for application of green technologya combination of 1ualitative 1uantitative approach was followed in this study #he
proposed solution will help the facility managers at M/s IEC 'here it gives a
guideline for detecting high energy consumption problems faced in office buildings
and operational cycle evertheless( it clarifies the procedure and the variables that
should be considered during the process( thus an accurate model behaves almost as
the real building could be created #he proposed framewor% consists of five layers
• 0n investigation layer(
• alidation layer(
• 0nalysis layer(
• optimization layer and finally
• communication layer
#he first layer revolves around doing investigations where at this stage all the
relevant data to address all the power consuming e1uipment and building behavior
should be gathered #herefore( power metering were installed to cover all
e1uipment #he second layer considered as representation for the building under
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consideration( thus it should be calibrated to reach the best fit between the model
and real data measured #he third layer is analysis of problems occurred in
e1uipment( its position in the building and its relation to the current heating control
configuration #he fourth layer is optimization layer( at this stage operational control
and the e1uipment control alternative possibilities are generated and evaluated
& DATA FOR THE STUDY
Data collected for 4H days during the month of March which is neither too cold or
too hot climate( the temperature during the period reflects the average
temperature of the city 9emenyi et al 26 G7 asserts that probability sampling isthe domain of the positivist( whilst non+probability sampling is that of the
phenomenologist #his pro)ect has phenomenologist underpinnings and
probability sampling would not be appropriate( therefore onprobability data
sampling method has been selected for this pro)ect #his selection was based on
9ubin and *abbie’s 26 7 advice that %nowledge of the population 2organisation7
is important when embar%ing on the use of such sampling method #he study
relied on previous similar pro)ects performed
,rimary ata for the Study.
3erformance MeasureJ Measuring the current performance of Electrical 3ower
Consuming e1uipment within M/s IEC in Nwh
!peration DefinitionJ Every normal wor%ing day power consumption at M/s IEC
Data 8ource ; <ocationJ 9eadings from # E* reading meter and *ase *uilder
data
8ample 8izeJ 4H
Measurement 8ystemJ #otal power consumption figure is summation of 3ower
consumption ta%en from # E* 9eading from B os Nwh meter reading within
IEC premises 7 ; 3ower consumption towards chilled water usage 2Datafurnished by *ase builder 7
2,
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T%%)S *%R MEAS&RI'$ ATA
#otal power Consumption E-cept power consumption due to Chilled water usage
# E* 2#amilnadu Electricity *oard O statutory authority’s meter to measure
3ower consumption reading from N'. meters 2Energy meter 7 installed at the
IEC Facility7 furnishes IEC consumption data
3ower Consumption for Chilled water usageJ *ase builder furnishes IEC power
consumption towards chilled water Consumption usage based on dedicated *#
meter reading
Daily total consumption is furnished by C*9E based on chilled water use ;
# E* tariff
Secondary ata for the Study.
8econdary data source incudes previous similar e-perience and pro)ects done for
other sites Interview ; Consultation from supervisors( Data from *oo%s( ,ournals
and various websites
Analysis and presentation of results
- ter consu!tation %ith Seniors to determine a!! possib!e root causes o e!ectrica! po%er
consumption and to discuss the green option princip!es and techno!ogies. 3* root causes
are short !isted or root cause e#a!uation then a ranking system to e#a!uate the root cause
are determined and ranked; high!y scored root causes are taken or <=>? =>?@
ana!ysis to ind out the u!timate root cause. -t the "nd o =hy =hy ana!ysis ;the tota! *
Probab!e root causes ha#e been narro% do%n to 3 probab!e root causes; %hich are
u!timate root causes o unnecessary po%er consumption.
- ter determining the u!timate root causes o po%er consumption; or sustainab!e
de#e!opment and princip!es or maintaining the site green %ere de ined.
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CHAPTER V
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
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+arious root causes ana!ysed or the study to be presented here and ho% they arededuced to 3 u!timate root cause
>o% 6A reduction in consumption charges to be e !p!ained
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CHAPTER VICONCLUSIONS
F' (' gs
S)gges*'! s
C! +,)s'!
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,rinciples #ey strategies and Technologies recommended for ma-ing M/s
IEC 0uilding a 1$reen Building 1
#ey ,rinciples.
• Minimize adverse impacts on the environment 2air( water( land( natural
resources7 through optimized building siting( optimized building re+design(
material selection( and aggressive use of energy conservation measure • *uilding performance should e-ceed minimum International Energy Code
2IEC7 compliance level by A5 to H5? or more• Ma-imize the use of renewable energy and other low impact energy sources
#ey Strategies and Technologies.
• !ptimize passive solar orientation( building massing and use of e-ternal
shading devices such that the design of the building minimizes undesirablesolar gains during the summer months while ma-imizing desirable solar gains
during winter months• !ptimize building orientation( massing( shape( design( and interior colors and
finishes in order to• ma-imize the use of controlled natural day lighting which significantly reduces
artificial lighting energy use thereby reducing the buildings internal cooling
load and energy use Consider the use of light shelf technology• se of high performance low+e glazing( can result in significant year round
energy savings• se of Insulated double glazing( triple glazing or double pane glazing with a
suspended low+e film• 8elective coatings offer optimal light transmittance while providing minimal
solar gain and minimal heat transmission
3*
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• 'indow frames( sashes and curtain wall systems should also be designed
foroptimum energy performance including the use of multiple thermal brea%s
to help reduce energy use• !ptimize the value of e-terior insulation and the overall thermal performance
of the e-terior envelope assembly• Consider advanced/high performance envelope building systems such as
structural insulated panel systems 28I387 and insulated concrete form
systems 2ICF’s7 that can be applied to light commercial and institutional
buildings• 8I38 and ICF’s and other thermally $decoupled& envelope systems will offer
the highest energy performance• se energy efficient #+G and #+> bulbs( high efficiency electronic ballasts( and
lighting controls• Consider using indirect ambient lighting with wor%station based direct tas%
lighting to improve light 1uality( reduce glare and improve overall energy
performance in general office areas Incorporate sensors and controls and
design circuits so that lighting along perimeter zones and offices can be
switched off independently from other interior lights when day lighting is
sufficient in perimeter areas• se state+of+the art( high efficiency( heating( ventilation and air conditioning
2. 0C7 and plumbing e1uipment( chillers( boilers( and water heaters( etc se
variable speed drives on fan and pump motors• se heat recovery ventilators and geothermal heat pump technology for up to
H5? energy savings• 0void the use of .CFC and .alon based refrigeration( cooling and fire
suppression systems !ptimize• the use of natural ventilation and where practical use evaporative cooling(
waste heat and/or solar • regenerated desiccant dehumidification or absorption cooling Identify and use
sources of waste energy
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• se Energy 8tar certified energy efficient appliances( office e1uipment(
lighting and . 0C systems• Consider on+site small+scale wind( solar( and/or fuel cell based energy
generation and co+generation• 3urchase environmentally preferable $green& power from certified renewable
and sustainable sources
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S)gges*'! s%
8uggestionsJ
#he following are 8uggestions derived from the study for M/s IEC for Maintaining
!ptimum Electrical 3ower consumption at its building and for moving towards
"reen EnergyJ
Conducting a comprehensi!e energy audit on.
• *uilding 8hell• . 0C 2.eating( ventilating( and air conditioning7 and !ther 8ystems• !ffice and Industrial E1uipment• <ighting
Impro!ing energy efficiency of 0uilding
• #ighten the building envelope 2energy efficient windows and doors( ade1uate
insulation( weather stripping and caul%ing to seal air gaps7o Energy 8tar guidance for buildings and plantso International Energy Conservation Code for commercial buildings
• Control direct sun through windows with solar screens( window films( awnings
and vegetation• 3aint e-ternal walls and roof white to reflect heat
o Information on Cool roofso Information on "reen roofs which can reduce heat gains and losses
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Impro!ing efficiency of "+AC and %ther Systems2
• Investment in energy efficient . 0C e1uipment• 3erforming regular maintenance on . 0C systems and change filters
according to system specifications• !perating tips and tools on combustion systems( steam boiler systems and
process heating systems• Eliminate waste heat by insulating piping and heat generating e1uipment• Install variable fre1uency drives on . 0C pumps( fans( and compressed air
systems• Install programmable thermostats and ad)ust for non+wor% hours• Install high+volume( low speed fans to improve air circulation and save energy
costs• Improve efficiency of compressed air and steam systems
o Chec% for lea%so 0void 5 degree angles in the pipingo se the lowest pressure setting that provides reliable performanceo Consider ducting outside air when temperatures are lower since less
energy is needed to compress cool air than warm air• Install cogeneration 2combined heat and power7 system
Impro!e efficiency of office and industrial e3uipment2
• Invest in energy efficient e1uipment and applianceso Energy efficient computers( monitors( and other office e1uipmento Demand 2tan%less7 water heaters
• Install variable fre1uency drives on pumps( fans( and motors• pgrade to more efficient and properly+sized electric motors• Consolidate office e1uipment se high+speed printers or multi+function
networ%ed copiers that can be used as printers to reduce the number of
printers in your office• Consolidate use of small appliances 2microwaves( toaster( coffee pots( mini+
fridges( etc 7 by using larger more energy+efficient appliances in brea% rooms• Install power strips to allow employees to easily control $phantom& power
loads from chargers for laptops and other electronic devices or simply instruct
employees to unplug when not in use
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• Improve efficiency of computer servers by consolidating and using
virtualization software that optimizes I# assets se 3C management software
that allows software patches to be performed without being left on all night
and power management software or power saving modes on computers• se energy management software to turn off vending machines and other
e1uipment when not in use
Impro!e efficiency of lighting
• 9eplace incandescent lighting with fluorescent lighting and light+emitting
diodes 2<EDs7 or other energy efficient lighting 9eplace all #+64 fluorescent
lighting with energy efficiency #+G or #+> fi-tures and install <ED e-it signs• Install motion sensors( timers( manual dimmers or or automatic daylight
dimming controls• Ma-imize use of natural light 2windows( s%ylights and solar tubes7 and use
tas% lighting where e-tra lighting is needed
se energy management software systems to control lighting( . 0C systems(
and to turn off computers and printers( vending machines and other
e1uipment
• #ips on energy management systems
#rain employees on basic conservation practices such as turning off lights and
e1uipment when not in use( controlling thermostat( and activating energy saving
features on e1uipment
Contact your utility or a demand response management company about pea%
load management Modify production schedules to limit pea% energy use and
save money
Renewa0le Energy
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• Install on+site renewable energy systems such as photovoltaic( solar water
heating( solar+powered e-terior lighting( geothermal systems( or wind energy
C%'C)&SI%'
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In this study a framewor% for implementing a solution for optimization of power
consumption has been introduced to reduce the electrical power consumption and
primary energy consumption from a heating system in M/s IEC building in Chennai
#his reduction was achieved by analyzing root cause of wastage and controlling
some parameters that influence high energy consumption
#he result of this study support the notion that M/s IEC has the potential to
increase the operational efficiency( 1uality and organizational effectiveness through
reducing in its present electrical power consumption by ?( and reducing its primary
energy consumption from . 0C system and can maintain a system for optimizing
electrical power consumption #he insisting and training employees on importance
of energy saving( establishment of new procedures for reducing power consumption
and adoption of green energy and re+engineering of operational process and
procedures with the principles of green energy are some important issues( which
should be e-amined for continuous improvement in the system and the issue related
to these concerns are worthy of future research
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
httpJ//www confiabilidad net
httpJ//www performancebuilding org/performancebuilding php
Guide to Energy Management 'illiam , Nennedy( 'ayne C #urner *arney
Itzha% Maor and Chanin 3an)apornpon # 0gami 9eddy( :Calibrating detailed
building energy simulation programs with measured data++3art IJ general
methodology(
0rdeshir Mahdavi and Claus 3roglhof( :0 model+based approach to natural
ventilation(: Building and Environment
Energy efficiency of buildings R Calculation of the energy needs( delivered
energy and primary energy for heating( cooling( ventilation( domesticwater and
lighting
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