power point 8 music in the renaissance part iii
Post on 15-Apr-2017
62 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Music in the Renaissance Era
1420-1600
Part III: The Reformation
The Reformation began when Martin Luther posted the 95 theses (pictured) on the castle church in Wittenburg, Germany in the Holy Roman Empire. The Reformation established the protestant branch of Christianity.
Christianity in Europe during the
1500s
Lutheran Germany and Scandinavia
Martin Luther (1483-1546)•priest , theologian, musician•95 Theses led to Reformation•Deudsche Messe: similar to Catholic Mass, but replaced most chants with German Hymns
Lutheran chorale:•congregational hymn•4 sources:
•Chant•German devotional songs•Contrafactum—secular songs w/new words•New compositions
•originally monophonic•later polyphonic
•Cantational style—block chords•Ein feste burg
Calvinism in Switzerland, France, and Germany
John Calvin (1509-1564)•French theologian and pastor•Presbyterian and Reformed Churches are from the Calvinist tradition•not a composer
Music in the Calvinist church:•only biblical texts•Metrical psalms• metric, rhymed, strophic translations
of psalms • sources:
• newly composed melodies• chant
• originally monophonic• later polyphonic• Loys Bourgeois: Psalm 134
• melody later used in English Psalm 100
• William Kethe: Psalm 10•Psalter—published collection of psalms
Church of England (Anglican)
John Taverner (ca. 1490-1545)•Masses & motets•Long melismas, full textures, cantus-firmus structures
Thomas Tallis (ca. 1505-1585)•Latin masses & hymn• Spem in Alium• 40-part motet
William Byrd (ca. 1540-1623)
•Member of royal chapel•Secular vocal & instrumental music•Anglican service music•Catholic masses•motets•Sing joyfully unto God;full anthem
•Anthem and Service• for voice and instruments• more elaborate than hymns and psalms
Fourth and Fifth Generation Renaissance Vocal Polyphony
Music in the Roman Catholic Church1520-1600
1520-1550 Flemish Composers
Adrian Willaert(ca. 1490-1562)
music director at St. Mark’s
Nicolas Gombert(ca. 1495-ca. 1560)
worked for chapel of Emperor Charles V
Jacobus Clemens(ca. 1510-ca. 1555)
worked in Netherlands
•continued the tradition of Renaissance vocal polyphony•5 or 6 voices•duple•imitative, but with variation•less frequent canons & other intricate structural devices
1550-1600—continued the tradition of Renaissance Vocal Polyphony
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (1525/1526-1594)•choirmaster at churches in Rome•wrote masses, mass movements, motets, madrigals•“Palestrina counterpoint” set standard for counterpoint•Pope Marcellus Mass• Credo• Agnus dei I
•Franco Flemish, worked in Germany for duke of Bavaria•masses, chansons, motets•text expression
Orlando di Lasso(1532-1594)
•Spanish•O Magnum mysterium
;motet•Missa O magnum
mysterium;imitation mass
Tomás Luis de Victoria(ca. 1548-1611)
•German•Dixit Maria
Hans Leo Hassler1564-1612
Palestrina Counterpoint
• duple meter• each beat consonant, except suspension• dissonances on offbeats: passing tones & neighbor tones • accentuate words correctly• homophony—long text• imitative polyphony—short text• each new phrase gets different combination of voices • 6 voices for climax, major cadences, significant words• text painting
1420-1450 Dunstable,
Binchois, DuFay
1450-1480 Ockeghem,
Busnoys
1480-1520 Obrecht, Isaac,
Des Prez
Renaissance Vocal Polyphony1550-1600
Palestrina, Di Lasso1520-1550
Willaert, Gombert, Clemens
•Imitation mass, paraphrase mass, cantus firmus mass•Duple meter, contrasting passages in triple meter•Careful dissonance treatment•Mode defined through cadences•5 or 6 equal voices•imitation, but varied
Pope Marcellus MassPalestrina•freely composed mass•counterpoint/homophony•duple meter•careful dissonance treatment•text painting•free, non-imitative counterpoint
Cum essem parvulusOrlando di Lasso•motet•counterpoint/homophony•duple meter, contrasting passages in triple meter•text painting•free, non-imitative counterpoint
The Council of Trent• Tropes & most
sequences eliminated to suppress variation in local practices
• Palestrina becomes supposed savior of polyphony by writing Pope Marcellus Mass, which did not obscure text
top related