ppt icasv.133 tempelman data quality africa...support of n = 10,000+++ men and women farmers...
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ICAS - V SESSION 3.1
Agricultural statistics country assessment
Agricultural sector
“GENDER STATISTICS”
Improving data quality using a gender sensitive perspective of agricultural statistics
"HOW TO" lessons learned from Africa"HOW TO" lessons learned from Africa
REGIONAL OFFICE FOR AFRICA
Diana TempelmanSenior Officer, Gender and Development
3
AGRI - GENDER DATABASEa statistical toolkit for the production of
sex-disaggregated agricultural data
RESULT OF:
Nearly 2 decades collaboration FAO & NBS-s
4
� Nearly 2 decades collaboration FAO & NBS-s in Africa
� “joint-venture” with N = 100+ statisticians
� Support of N = 10,000+++ men and women farmers responding to census / survey Q.
AGRI-GENDER DATABASE / TOOLKIT
INTRODUCTION
Data Items SECTION 1 SECTION 2
1 Agricultural population and households Questionnaire Table
2 Access to productive resources Questionnaire Table
5
2 Access to productive resources Questionnaire Table
3 Production and productivity Questionnaire Table
4 Destination of agricultural produce Questionnaire Table
5 Labour and time-use Questionnaire Table
6 Income and expenditures Questionnaire Table
7 Membership of agricultural/farmer organisationsQuestionnaire
Table
8 Food security Questionnaire Table
9 Poverty indicators Questionnaire Table
EXAMPLES of news “gender-relevant” results from WCA 2000 and 2010
Presentation outline
� Analysis of demographic data
6
� Analysis of demographic data
� Access to productive resources
���� relevance of sub-holder concept
� Credit, labour and time-use
� Poverty indicators
� Lessons learned
Guinea
85+
80 - 84
75 - 79
70 -74
Guinea – Labé Region
85+
80 - 84
75 - 79
70 -74
Demographic data (1) Guinea
FEMINISATION AGRICULTURAL SECTOR
DATA
7
70 -74
65 - 69
60 - 64
55 - 59
50 - 54
45 - 49
40 - 44
35 - 39
30 - 34
25 - 29
20 - 24
15 -19
.10 - 14
.5 - 9
> 5
Male FemaleScale maximum = 800000
70 -74
65 - 69
60 - 64
55 - 59
50 - 54
45 - 49
40 - 44
35 - 39
30 - 34
25 - 29
20 - 24
15 -19
.10 - 14
.5 - 9
> 5
Male FemaleScale maximum = 90000
‘Standard’ format demographic data questions
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
If column 3, code 1
8
S/N
Full name
(Starting
wi th the
head of
household)
Is the member of
the household a
holder
1 = Yes
2 = No
Holder
ID
Type of holding
1 = Crop
2 = Livestock
3 = Both
Sex
1 = Male
2 = Female
Relation to the
head of household
1 = Head
Etc
Age in
completed
years
Code Code Code Code
01
02
03
04
05
Etc.
Demographic data (2) - NIGER
Average FFH: smaller but more dependentsAverage FFH: smaller but more dependents
Average size and dependency ratio of agricultural households by sex of Head of Household at regional and national level
Male HoHH Female HoHH
DATA
9 Source: RGAC 2004-2007, Niger
Male HoHH Female HoHH
Region
Average size Dependency
ratio Average size
Dependency ratio
AGADEZ 5,5 0,87 4,0 0,90
DIFFA 5,8 0,84 3,6 0,92
DOSSO 7,6 0,82 4,4 0,89
MARADI 7,7 0,95 3,9 0,96
TAHOUA 6,6 0,86 4,3 1,16
TILLABERY 8,3 0,83 4,5 0,99
ZINDER 5,9 0,85 3,7 1,07
NIAMEY 6,1 0,69 4,8 0,65
Total 6,9 0,86 4,0 1,03
Demographic data (3) Tanzania
labour constraints in headed HHlabour constraints in headed HH
Male active / sex of HoHH Selected
Active male members / sex of HoHH, Tanzania
DATA
10
Male active / sex of HoHH Selected
regions Male HoHH Female HoHH
Dodoma 1.1 0.3
Mtwara 1.0 0.5
Iringa 1.1 0.2
Mbeya 1.1 0.3
Mara 1.0 0.5
Tanzania 1.1 0.4
Section 2 : Inventory of plots of agricultural holdings (NIGER)
Identification
Plots, farms
Family name & first name of
Plotmanager
Sex of Plot manager
Type de plot
management
Plot culture history
Type of culture
Type of land tenure
Type of Relief
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Access to productive resources (1) LAND
11
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Male 1 Individual 1 cultivated 1 Cul, pur 1 1 Inheritance 1 Plane
Female 2 Collective 2 fallow 2 Cult, mixed 2 2 Purchase 2 valley bottom
3 renting or crop sharing
2 slope
4 Loan
5 Gift
Field
Plot Write first and family name of Plotmanager, starting with the
HoHH
6 Other
|____|____|
|____|____| |____| |____| |____| |____| |____| |____|
|____|____|
|____|____| |____| |____| |____| |____| |____| |____|
Data / sex of Head of household ����
Under - presentation of women farmers’ involvement
Area cultivated / crop by sex of agricultural holder
DATA
12
Enhanced presentation of women farmers’ work
Holder
(Collective fields) Sub-Holder
(Individual fields) Both
Crops
Area cultivated / crop by sex of agricultural holder and sub-holder
DATA
13
(All fields) Crops
M F M F M F
Millet 97 3 45 55 87 13
Maize 99 1 90 10 89 11
Rice 98 2 65 35 85 15
Groundnuts 97 3 32 68 54 46
Vouandzou 96 4 20 80 50 50
White sorghum 98 2 58 42 90 10
Red sorghum 97 3 55 45 91 9
(sub) Total 98 2 48 52 86 14
RELEVANCE OF SUBRELEVANCE OF SUB--HOLDER HOLDER
Male holder: Area under collective management per
type of acquisition - NIGER3%
1%
7%
1%
5%
83%
Inherited
Purchased
Share-cropping
Loan
Gift
Other
DATA
14
LAND Collective management / Head of HH
Female holder: Area under collective management
per type of acquisition - NIGER
5%9%
11%
0%
6% 69%
Inherited
Purchased
Share-cropping
Loan
Gift
Other
Male sub-holder: Area under individual management
per type of acquisition at national level - NIGER
10%2% 1%
2%
9%
76%
Inherited
Purchased
Share-cropping
Loan
Gift
Other
DATA
15
LAND Individual management
/ active HH members
Female sub-holder: Area under individual
management per type of acquisition at national level,
NIGER
12%1%
35%
48%
3%
1%
Inherited
Purchased
Share-cropping
Loan
Gift
Other
Section 2 : Number of sedentary animals par kind and sex of owner
Household level question
Access to productive resources (2) ANIMALS
16
Code Kind of animal, sex and age Total number Number owned by women
1 2 3 4
10 Cattle
11 Female |____|____|____| |____|____|____|
12 Male |____|____|____| |____|____|____|
13 Castrated male |____|____|____| |____|____|____|
30 Sheep |____|____|____| |____|____|____|
40 Goat |____|____|____| |____|____|____|
Sedentary animals / type of animal / sex of owner, Niger
DATA
17
Source: RGAC 2004-2007, Niger
cattle sheep goats
Men Women Men Women Men Women
77.7 % 22.3 % 60.3 % 39.7 % 45.5 % 54.5 %
Ownership chicken / sex of owner, Niger
Chicken
Repartition des poulets par proprietaire au niveau
du Niger
DATA
18
du Niger
32%
46%
22%
Femmes
Hommes
Enfants
Source: RGAC 2004-2007, Niger
Access to productive resources (3.1) CREDIT
Q 13.1: During the year 2002/2003 did any of the
household members borrow money for
agriculture?
19
agriculture?
Yes or no
Q 13.2 If yes, then give details of the credit
obtained during the agricultural year 2002/2003
(if the credit was provided in kind, for example by
the provision of inputs, then estimate the value)
Credit details Source “a”
Use codes to indicate source |__|
Provide to Male=1, Female=2 |__|
S/N
Use of credit
Tick boxes below to indicate the
Access to productive resources (3.2) CREDIT
20
S/N Use of credit to indicate the use of the credit
13.2.1 Labour
13.2.2 Seeds
13.2.3 Fertilisers
13.2.4 Agrochemicals
13.2.5 Tools/equipment
13.2.6 Irrigation structures
13.2.7 Livestock
13.2.8 Other ………………………………
Source of credit 1 = Family, friend or relative 2 = Commercial bank
3 = Cooperative 4 = Savings and credit soc. 5 = Trader/trade store
6 = Private individual 7 = Religious organisation/NGO/Project 8 = Other (specify) ………………………
Female HoHH use credit to hire labour -
Chart 7.5 Percent of Households that have access to Credit by sex of
Household Head30
Per
cen
tDATA
to purchase seeds
TANZANIA
21
0
10
20
30
Labour Seeds Fertili -
zers
Agro-che
micals
Tools /
Equip
ment
Irrigation
Structures
Livestock Other
Use of Credit
Per
cen
t
Male Headed Female Headed
Time-use, EthiopiaSource: Ethiopian Agricultural Sample Enumeration Miscellaneous Questions – 2001/02 (1994 E.C.)
Adults Children S/N
Activity Male Female Boys Girls
21 How much time do men and women spend in the household on each
of the following agricultural activities? Use the codes given below the table
22
S/N Activity Male (code)
Female (code)
Boys (code)
Girls (code)
21.1 Tilling |__| |__| |__| |__|
21.2 Sowing |__| |__| |__| |__|
21.3 Weeding |__| |__| |__| |__|
21.4 Harvesting |__| |__| |__| |__|
21.5 Feeding/Treating |__| |__| |__| |__|
21.6 Milking |__| |__| |__| |__|
21.7 Marketing of agricultural products |__| |__| |__| |__|
Codes:
1 = Not participated
2 = One fourth of the time (1/4)
3 = One half of the time (1/2)
4 = Three fourth of the time (3/4)
5 = Full time
6 = Not applicable
Chart 5.17 Percent of Households by Type of Labour - MALE Headed
Households
Making BeerBeekeeping
FishingFish Farming
Off - farm Income Generation
Chart 5.18 Percent of Households by Type of Labour
- Female Headed Households
Making BeerBeekeeping
FishingFish Farming
Off - farm Income Generation
Division of Labour, Tanzania
DATA
23
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Land Clearing
Soil Preparation by HandSoil Preparation by Oxen / Tractor
PlantingWeeding
Crop ProtectionHarvest ing
Crop ProcessingCrop Marketing
Cattle RearingCattle Herding
Cattle MarketingGoat & Sheep Rearing
Goat & Sheep HerdingGoat & Sheep Marketing
MilkingPig Rearing
Poultry KeepingCollecting Water
Collecting FirewoodPole Cutting
Timber Wood CuttingBuilding / Maintaining Houses
Making Beer
Ty
pe o
f L
ab
ou
r
Percent
Head of Household Alone Adults Males Adult Female
Adults Boys Girls
Boys & Girls All Household Members Hired Labour
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Land Clearing
Soil Preparation by HandSoil Preparat ion by Oxen / T ractor
PlantingWeeding
Crop ProtectionHarvest ing
Crop Processing
Crop MarketingCattle Rearing
Cattle HerdingCatt le Marketing
Goat & Sheep RearingGoat & Sheep Herding
Goat & Sheep MarketingMilking
Pig RearingPoultry Keeping
Collecting WaterCollect ing Firewood
Pole Cutt ingTimber Wood Cutt ing
Building / Maintaining Houses
Making Beer
Ty
pe o
f L
ab
ou
r
Percent
Head of Household Alone Adults Males Adult Female
Adults Boys Girls
Boys & Girls All Household Members Hired Labour
Food security / Poverty indicators Tanzania
34.6.1
Number of meals the household normally has per day
|__|
24 Source: United Republic of Tanzania – Agricultural Sample Census 2002/2003- Small holder/Small Scale Farmer
Questionnaire: Section 34
Code 34.6.3 1 = Never 3 = Sometimes 6 = Always 2 = Seldom 4 = Other
34.6.2
Number of days the household consumed meat last week
|__|
34.6.3
How often did the household have problems in satisfying the food needs of the household last year (code)
|__|
Food security
Frequency of food shortages, Tanzania
Chart 9.4 Percent of Male and Female Headed
Households by Frequency of Facing Food Shortages
50
A higher percent male-headed HHs never has food shortage.
A higher percent of female-
DATA
25
0
10
20
30
40
50
Never Seldom Sometimes Often Always
Frequency of Food Shortage
Per
cen
t of
Hou
seh
old
s
Male Female
A higher percent of female-headed HHs has often or always food shortages.
The same pattern appears in the regions.
Gender perspective in agricultural census/surveys
� No technical problems / additional human/financial costs (Senegal 1998/99 Ag census)
Lessons learned
26
� Enriches info obtained from data
� ENHANCES QUALITY OF DATA
� Allows for gender specific planning and M & E agricultural development
LESSONS LEARNED http://www.fao.org/sd/dim_pe1/pe1_051003_en.htm
OUTCOME
27 2005
THEMATIC CENSUS REPORTS
Tanzania Niger
OUTCOME
28
OUTCOME
29
Links agri-gender toolkit
BROCHURE:
http://www.fao.org/docrep/012/k8472e/k8472e00.pdf
OUTCOME
30
http://www.fao.org/docrep/012/k8472e/k8472e00.pdf
TOOLKIT ITSELF:
http://www.fao.org/gender/agrigender/en
31
Links agri-gender toolkit
BROCHURE:
http://www.fao.org/docrep/012/k8472e/k8472e00.pdf,
OUTCOME
32
http://www.fao.org/docrep/012/k8472e/k8472e00.pdf,
TOOLKIT ITSELF:
http://www.fao.org/gender/agrigender/en
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