pre-colonial africa and the trans atlantic slave trade
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African Politics in Early Modern Times
Ghana was replaced by Mali Mali had outgrown itself and the
lucrative gold trade had fallen in the hands of the city-state of Gao
Gao was to become the state of Songhay (Songhai Empire).
Sunni Ali Embarked and
raids and consolidated the Songhai Empire
Built around great cities at Timbuktu, Gao, and Jenne
Fall of Songhay Similar to India
after the Mauryans. The region fell into chaos and regionalism that led to smaller groups emerging.
Destroyed in 1591 by the advancing Moroccon armies with their gunfire.
Economic Factors Ghana, Mali, and
the Songhay state had all relied on the control of the gold trade to power their state.
After the Songhay and the emergence of European traders this was no longer possible.
Swahili Decline Kilwa had been one of
the busiest cities states on the East coast. Like other trade based states, this state fell into decline as Europeans arrived and took control of commerce.
Vasco De Gama arrived in the 15th century and sacked the city.
Portugal and the Kongo Kongo had a centralized state with a
formidable judiciary, military, and financial structure. Capital at Mbanza
Kongolese kings realized the preeminence of the Portuguese and converted to Christianity and grew dependent on the Europeans.
Slave Raiding in Kongo Kongo grew dependent on European
goods. Needed textiles, weapons, advisors,
and artisans. Portuguese initially sought ivory, and
copper…but then Slaves. King Afonso document:
Ndongo Led by Queen
Nzinga the Ndongo (Angola) resisted Porguese control. They formed alliances and drew influence from Nzinga.
Nzinga and the Portuguese Allied with Dutch to drive out the
Portuguese. After her death the resistance which
had been considerable, was no match for the Portuguese.
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