predicting treatment attitudes and behaviors

Predicting Treatment Attitudes and Behaviors Longitudinally among College Students with Depressive Symptoms on the MMPI-2-RF and MMPI-3Nicole M. Morris, Paul B. Ingram, Brittney Golden, Sean Mitchell, & Sarah Victor

Texas Tech University

Psychotherapy and Treatment OutcomesPsychotherapy is known to alleviate a wide array of mental health concerns.

Barriers to treatment: • Initiation• Dropout • Poor engagement

These treatment barriers can be combatted by identifying traits: • Intention to seek• Stigma• Help-seeker attitudes • Use of treatment

Literature Synthesis

Mattson et al., 2012; Patel & Suhr, 2019; Tylicki et al., 2019

• Poor alliance and non-readiness to terminate

Internalizing(EID, RCd, RC2, RC7, BRF)

• Non-compliance, early termination, inactivity with homework, & lower functioning at termination

Externalizing(RC4, JCP, SUB, AGG, AGGR-r, DISC-r)

• Treatment noncompletion in drug court

Psychoticism (RC8)

• Noncompliance, inactivity with homework, & unsuccessful treatment

Interpersonal (RC3, IPP, DSF)

• Poor alliance, non-compliance, & inactivity with homework

Somatic (RC1, RC3, MLS, HPC, NUC, COG)

Current Study • Aim: To investigate the MMPI-2-RF/MMPI-3 substantive scale score associations with treatment behaviors and attitudes

• Investigated MMPI-2-RF/MMPI-3 scale score associations with: • Intention to seek treatment• Attitudes about mental health treatment • Other-related stigma • Self-stigma• Lifetime/recent use of treatment

Methods

N = 152

N = 139

N = 134

MMPI-3 Final Sample:

Qualified and Attended:Screened:

N = 327

MMPI-2-RF Final Sample:

• Gender: ~70% women• Age: 18 to 26 (M = ~20.1, SD = 1.8).• Race: 77.0% - 86.6% White• PHQ-9 Scores:

• Baseline: M = ~15.5; SD = ~4.0• Follow ups: M = ~21.3 SD = ~5.2

• Lifetime suicide ideation: 59.7% • Lifetime suicide plan: 44 to 46%• Lifetime attempts: ~20.1%• Past 12-month Ideation: 27.3 - 38.6%• Past 12-month plan: 19.4 - 28.4%• Past 12-month attempt: 6.8 - 8.7%

MMPI-2-RF/MMPI-3 Samples Description:

Instrumentation•Only at Baseline:• MMPI-2-RF-EX: Broadband measure of personality and psychopathology

• Help Seeker Stereotypes Scale: Stereotypes about individuals who seek treatment (𝛼 = .93)

•Baseline and all Followups: • Mental Health Seeking Intention Scale: Intention to seek mental health treatment (𝛼 = .89 to .94)

• Mental Health Seeking Attitudes Scale: Beliefs about mental health treatment (𝛼 = .80 to .95)

• Self-Stigma of Seeking Psychology Help Scale: Self-stigma of mental health treatment (𝛼 = .84 to .90)

Clinically Relevant Associations• Statistically significant correlations

• At least small in effect (+/- .15)

• The pattern was maintained for at least 50% of the time points (2+ time points)

Tylicki, Martin-Fernandez, & Ben-Porath, 2019

Internalizing Scales – MMPI-2-RFBaseline Assessment (n = 139) 2-week Followup (n = 106) 4-week Followup (n = 105) 6-week Followup (n = 100)

Intent Attit.OtherStigma

SelfStigma

LifeTx

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx

EID -.07 -.05 .12 .14 .20 -.29 .07 -.03 .06 -.33 .02 -.08 .06 -.10 -.11 -.07 .08 -.25

RC2 -.06 -.13 .02 .16 .17 -.24 .05 -.11 .14 -.35 .00 -.17 .15 -.09 -.17 -.17 .17 -.25

SUI -.01 -.02 .14 .18 .20 -.23 .02 -.02 .06 -.24 -.02 .03 .01 -.16 -.11 -.01 .12 -.17BRF .16 .12 -.01 -.02 .13 -.15 .24 .10 -.12 -.05 .20 .04 -.09 .03 .13 .08 -.02 .03

INTR-r -.08 -.13 -.03 .12 .07 -.12 -.01 -.08 .15 -.33 -.02 -.09 .12 -.18 -.14 -.08 .16 -.25

Internalizing Scales – MMPI-2-RFBaseline Assessment (n = 139) 2-week Followup (n = 106) 4-week Followup (n = 105) 6-week Followup (n = 100)

Intent Attit.OtherStigma

SelfStigma

LifeTx

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx

EID -.07 -.05 .12 .14 .20 -.29 .07 -.03 .06 -.33 .02 -.08 .06 -.10 -.11 -.07 .08 -.25

RC2 -.06 -.13 .02 .16 .17 -.24 .05 -.11 .14 -.35 .00 -.17 .15 -.09 -.17 -.17 .17 -.25

SUI -.01 -.02 .14 .18 .20 -.23 .02 -.02 .06 -.24 -.02 .03 .01 -.16 -.11 -.01 .12 -.17BRF .16 .12 -.01 -.02 .13 -.15 .24 .10 -.12 -.05 .20 .04 -.09 .03 .13 .08 -.02 .03

INTR-r -.08 -.13 -.03 .12 .07 -.12 -.01 -.08 .15 -.33 -.02 -.09 .12 -.18 -.14 -.08 .16 -.25

Internalizing Scales – MMPI-2-RFBaseline Assessment (n = 139) 2-week Followup (n = 106) 4-week Followup (n = 105) 6-week Followup (n = 100)

Intent Attit.OtherStigma

SelfStigma

LifeTx

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx

EID -.07 -.05 .12 .14 .20 -.29 .07 -.03 .06 -.33 .02 -.08 .06 -.10 -.11 -.07 .08 -.25

RC2 -.06 -.13 .02 .16 .17 -.24 .05 -.11 .14 -.35 .00 -.17 .15 -.09 -.17 -.17 .17 -.25

SUI -.01 -.02 .14 .18 .20 -.23 .02 -.02 .06 -.24 -.02 .03 .01 -.16 -.11 -.01 .12 -.17BRF .16 .12 -.01 -.02 .13 -.15 .24 .10 -.12 -.05 .20 .04 -.09 .03 .13 .08 -.02 .03

INTR-r -.08 -.13 -.03 .12 .07 -.12 -.01 -.08 .15 -.33 -.02 -.09 .12 -.18 -.14 -.08 .16 -.25

Externalizing Scales – MMPI-2-RFBaseline Assessment (n = 139) 2-week Followup (n = 106) 4-week Followup (n = 105) 6-week Followup (n = 100)

Intent Attit.OtherStigma

SelfStigma

LifeTx

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx

RC4 -.08 -.21 .23 .08 -.05 .01 -.11 -.19 .09 -.20 -.08 -.20 .11 .07 -.21 -.19 .11 -.08

JCP -.23 -.15 .20 .08 -.09 -.07 -.25 -.13 .13 -.22 -.17 -.10 .13 .04 -.20 -.06 .16 -.12

Interpersonal Scales – MMPI-2-RFBaseline Assessment (n = 139) 2-week Followup (n = 106) 4-week Followup (n = 105) 6-week Followup (n = 100)

Intent Attit.OtherStigma

SelfStigma

LifeTx

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx

RC3 .02 -.17 .32 .19 -.09 -.10 -.09 -.28 .23 .00 .07 -.16 .21 .07 -.08 -.13 .14 .07

DSF -.01 -.18 .13 .20 .03 -.05 .02 -.26 .23 -.04 -.12 -.25 .23 -.01 -.22 -.24 .27 .01

Externalizing Scales – MMPI-2-RFBaseline Assessment (n = 139) 2-week Followup (n = 106) 4-week Followup (n = 105) 6-week Followup (n = 100)

Intent Attit.OtherStigma

SelfStigma

LifeTx

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx

RC4 -.08 -.21 .23 .08 -.05 .01 -.11 -.19 .09 -.20 -.08 -.20 .11 .07 -.21 -.19 .11 -.08

JCP -.23 -.15 .20 .08 -.09 -.07 -.25 -.13 .13 -.22 -.17 -.10 .13 .04 -.20 -.06 .16 -.12

Interpersonal Scales – MMPI-2-RFBaseline Assessment (n = 139) 2-week Followup (n = 106) 4-week Followup (n = 105) 6-week Followup (n = 100)

Intent Attit.OtherStigma

SelfStigma

LifeTx

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx

RC3 .02 -.17 .32 .19 -.09 -.10 -.09 -.28 .23 .00 .07 -.16 .21 .07 -.08 -.13 .14 .07

DSF -.01 -.18 .13 .20 .03 -.05 .02 -.26 .23 -.04 -.12 -.25 .23 -.01 -.22 -.24 .27 .01

Externalizing Scales – MMPI-2-RFBaseline Assessment (n = 139) 2-week Followup (n = 106) 4-week Followup (n = 105) 6-week Followup (n = 100)

Intent Attit.OtherStigma

SelfStigma

LifeTx

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx

RC4 -.08 -.21 .23 .08 -.05 .01 -.11 -.19 .09 -.20 -.08 -.20 .11 .07 -.21 -.19 .11 -.08

JCP -.23 -.15 .20 .08 -.09 -.07 -.25 -.13 .13 -.22 -.17 -.10 .13 .04 -.20 -.06 .16 -.12

Interpersonal Scales – MMPI-2-RFBaseline Assessment (n = 139) 2-week Followup (n = 106) 4-week Followup (n = 105) 6-week Followup (n = 100)

Intent Attit.OtherStigma

SelfStigma

LifeTx

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx

RC3 .02 -.17 .32 .19 -.09 -.10 -.09 -.28 .23 .00 .07 -.16 .21 .07 -.08 -.13 .14 .07

DSF -.01 -.18 .13 .20 .03 -.05 .02 -.26 .23 -.04 -.12 -.25 .23 -.01 -.22 -.24 .27 .01

Externalizing Scales – MMPI-2-RFBaseline Assessment (n = 139) 2-week Followup (n = 106) 4-week Followup (n = 105) 6-week Followup (n = 100)

Intent Attit.OtherStigma

SelfStigma

LifeTx

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx

RC4 -.08 -.21 .23 .08 -.05 .01 -.11 -.19 .09 -.20 -.08 -.20 .11 .07 -.21 -.19 .11 -.08

JCP -.23 -.15 .20 .08 -.09 -.07 -.25 -.13 .13 -.22 -.17 -.10 .13 .04 -.20 -.06 .16 -.12

Interpersonal Scales – MMPI-2-RFBaseline Assessment (n = 139) 2-week Followup (n = 106) 4-week Followup (n = 105) 6-week Followup (n = 100)

Intent Attit.OtherStigma

SelfStigma

LifeTx

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx

RC3 .02 -.17 .32 .19 -.09 -.10 -.09 -.28 .23 .00 .07 -.16 .21 .07 -.08 -.13 .14 .07

DSF -.01 -.18 .13 .20 .03 -.05 .02 -.26 .23 -.04 -.12 -.25 .23 -.01 -.22 -.24 .27 .01

Externalizing Scales – MMPI-2-RFBaseline Assessment (n = 139) 2-week Followup (n = 106) 4-week Followup (n = 105) 6-week Followup (n = 100)

Intent Attit.OtherStigma

SelfStigma

LifeTx

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx

RC4 -.08 -.21 .23 .08 -.05 .01 -.11 -.19 .09 -.20 -.08 -.20 .11 .07 -.21 -.19 .11 -.08

JCP -.23 -.15 .20 .08 -.09 -.07 -.25 -.13 .13 -.22 -.17 -.10 .13 .04 -.20 -.06 .16 -.12

Interpersonal Scales – MMPI-2-RFBaseline Assessment (n = 139) 2-week Followup (n = 106) 4-week Followup (n = 105) 6-week Followup (n = 100)

Intent Attit.OtherStigma

SelfStigma

LifeTx

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx

RC3 .02 -.17 .32 .19 -.09 -.10 -.09 -.28 .23 .00 .07 -.16 .21 .07 -.08 -.13 .14 .07

DSF -.01 -.18 .13 .20 .03 -.05 .02 -.26 .23 -.04 -.12 -.25 .23 -.01 -.22 -.24 .27 .01

Externalizing Scales – MMPI-2-RFBaseline Assessment (n = 139) 2-week Followup (n = 106) 4-week Followup (n = 105) 6-week Followup (n = 100)

Intent Attit.OtherStigma

SelfStigma

LifeTx

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx

RC4 -.08 -.21 .23 .08 -.05 .01 -.11 -.19 .09 -.20 -.08 -.20 .11 .07 -.21 -.19 .11 -.08

JCP -.23 -.15 .20 .08 -.09 -.07 -.25 -.13 .13 -.22 -.17 -.10 .13 .04 -.20 -.06 .16 -.12

Interpersonal Scales – MMPI-2-RFBaseline Assessment (n = 139) 2-week Followup (n = 106) 4-week Followup (n = 105) 6-week Followup (n = 100)

Intent Attit.OtherStigma

SelfStigma

LifeTx

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx

RC3 .02 -.17 .32 .19 -.09 -.10 -.09 -.28 .23 .00 .07 -.16 .21 .07 -.08 -.13 .14 .07

DSF -.01 -.18 .13 .20 .03 -.05 .02 -.26 .23 -.04 -.12 -.25 .23 -.01 -.22 -.24 .27 .01

Externalizing Scales – MMPI-2-RFBaseline Assessment (n = 139) 2-week Followup (n = 106) 4-week Followup (n = 105) 6-week Followup (n = 100)

Intent Attit.OtherStigma

SelfStigma

LifeTx

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx

RC4 -.08 -.21 .23 .08 -.05 .01 -.11 -.19 .09 -.20 -.08 -.20 .11 .07 -.21 -.19 .11 -.08

JCP -.23 -.15 .20 .08 -.09 -.07 -.25 -.13 .13 -.22 -.17 -.10 .13 .04 -.20 -.06 .16 -.12

Interpersonal Scales – MMPI-2-RFBaseline Assessment (n = 139) 2-week Followup (n = 106) 4-week Followup (n = 105) 6-week Followup (n = 100)

Intent Attit.OtherStigma

SelfStigma

LifeTx

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx

RC3 .02 -.17 .32 .19 -.09 -.10 -.09 -.28 .23 .00 .07 -.16 .21 .07 -.08 -.13 .14 .07

DSF -.01 -.18 .13 .20 .03 -.05 .02 -.26 .23 -.04 -.12 -.25 .23 -.01 -.22 -.24 .27 .01

Externalizing Scales – MMPI-2-RFBaseline Assessment (n = 139) 2-week Followup (n = 106) 4-week Followup (n = 105) 6-week Followup (n = 100)

Intent Attit.OtherStigma

SelfStigma

LifeTx

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx

RC4 -.08 -.21 .23 .08 -.05 .01 -.11 -.19 .09 -.20 -.08 -.20 .11 .07 -.21 -.19 .11 -.08

JCP -.23 -.15 .20 .08 -.09 -.07 -.25 -.13 .13 -.22 -.17 -.10 .13 .04 -.20 -.06 .16 -.12

Interpersonal Scales – MMPI-2-RFBaseline Assessment (n = 139) 2-week Followup (n = 106) 4-week Followup (n = 105) 6-week Followup (n = 100)

Intent Attit.OtherStigma

SelfStigma

LifeTx

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx

RC3 .02 -.17 .32 .19 -.09 -.10 -.09 -.28 .23 .00 .07 -.16 .21 .07 -.08 -.13 .14 .07

DSF -.01 -.18 .13 .20 .03 -.05 .02 -.26 .23 -.04 -.12 -.25 .23 -.01 -.22 -.24 .27 .01

Externalizing Scales – MMPI-2-RFBaseline Assessment (n = 139) 2-week Followup (n = 106) 4-week Followup (n = 105) 6-week Followup (n = 100)

Intent Attit.OtherStigma

SelfStigma

LifeTx

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx

RC4 -.08 -.21 .23 .08 -.05 .01 -.11 -.19 .09 -.20 -.08 -.20 .11 .07 -.21 -.19 .11 -.08

JCP -.23 -.15 .20 .08 -.09 -.07 -.25 -.13 .13 -.22 -.17 -.10 .13 .04 -.20 -.06 .16 -.12

Interpersonal Scales – MMPI-2-RFBaseline Assessment (n = 139) 2-week Followup (n = 106) 4-week Followup (n = 105) 6-week Followup (n = 100)

Intent Attit.OtherStigma

SelfStigma

LifeTx

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx

RC3 .02 -.17 .32 .19 -.09 -.10 -.09 -.28 .23 .00 .07 -.16 .21 .07 -.08 -.13 .14 .07

DSF -.01 -.18 .13 .20 .03 -.05 .02 -.26 .23 -.04 -.12 -.25 .23 -.01 -.22 -.24 .27 .01

Externalizing Scales – MMPI-2-RFBaseline Assessment (n = 139) 2-week Followup (n = 106) 4-week Followup (n = 105) 6-week Followup (n = 100)

Intent Attit.OtherStigma

SelfStigma

LifeTx

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx

RC4 -.08 -.21 .23 .08 -.05 .01 -.11 -.19 .09 -.20 -.08 -.20 .11 .07 -.21 -.19 .11 -.08

JCP -.23 -.15 .20 .08 -.09 -.07 -.25 -.13 .13 -.22 -.17 -.10 .13 .04 -.20 -.06 .16 -.12

Interpersonal Scales – MMPI-2-RFBaseline Assessment (n = 139) 2-week Followup (n = 106) 4-week Followup (n = 105) 6-week Followup (n = 100)

Intent Attit.OtherStigma

SelfStigma

LifeTx

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx

RC3 .02 -.17 .32 .19 -.09 -.10 -.09 -.28 .23 .00 .07 -.16 .21 .07 -.08 -.13 .14 .07

DSF -.01 -.18 .13 .20 .03 -.05 .02 -.26 .23 -.04 -.12 -.25 .23 -.01 -.22 -.24 .27 .01

Somatic Scales – MMPI-2-RFBaseline Assessment (n = 139) 2-week Followup (n = 106) 4-week Followup (n = 105) 6-week Followup (n = 100)

Intent Attit.OtherStigma

SelfStigma

LifeTx

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx

MLS -.09 -.05 .08 .08 .14 -.24 -.07 -.12 .09 -.38 -.09 -.08 .07 -.13 -.11 -.12 .06 -.23

-.09

Somatic Scales – MMPI-2-RFBaseline Assessment (n = 139) 2-week Followup (n = 106) 4-week Followup (n = 105) 6-week Followup (n = 100)

Intent Attit.OtherStigma

SelfStigma

LifeTx

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx

MLS -.09 -.05 .08 .08 .14 -.24 -.07 -.12 .09 -.38 -.09 -.08 .07 -.13 -.11 -.12 .06 -.23

-.09

Internalizing Scales – MMPI-3Baseline Assessment (n = 134) 2-week Followup (n = 101) 4-week Followup (n = 98) 6-week Followup (n = 93)

Intent Attit.OtherStigma

SelfStigma

LifeTx

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx

EID -.09 -.04 .11 .17 .20 -.20 -.06 .09 .08 -.33 -.16 .02 .13 -.05 -.17 -.15 .17 -.21

RC2 -.16 -.03 .04 .17 .14 -.12 -.13 .06 .16 -.29 -.25 .01 .21 .01 -.23 -.19 .23 -.17RC7 .04 .08 .04 .04 .07 -.05 .05 .21 -.04 -.04 .09 .26 -.06 .02 .09 .10 -.09 .00

HLP -.04 -.01 .12 .20 .05 -.11 -.04 -.01 .14 .05 -.24 -.07 .19 .05 -.22 -.23 .26 -.06

Internalizing Scales – MMPI-3Baseline Assessment (n = 134) 2-week Followup (n = 101) 4-week Followup (n = 98) 6-week Followup (n = 93)

Intent Attit.OtherStigma

SelfStigma

LifeTx

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx

EID -.09 -.04 .11 .17 .20 -.20 -.06 .09 .08 -.33 -.16 .02 .13 -.05 -.17 -.15 .17 -.21

RC2 -.16 -.03 .04 .17 .14 -.12 -.13 .06 .16 -.29 -.25 .01 .21 .01 -.23 -.19 .23 -.17RC7 .04 .08 .04 .04 .07 -.05 .05 .21 -.04 -.04 .09 .26 -.06 .02 .09 .10 -.09 .00

HLP -.04 -.01 .12 .20 .05 -.11 -.04 -.01 .14 .05 -.24 -.07 .19 .05 -.22 -.23 .26 -.06

Internalizing Scales – MMPI-3Baseline Assessment (n = 134) 2-week Followup (n = 101) 4-week Followup (n = 98) 6-week Followup (n = 93)

Intent Attit.OtherStigma

SelfStigma

LifeTx

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx

EID -.09 -.04 .11 .17 .20 -.20 -.06 .09 .08 -.33 -.16 .02 .13 -.05 -.17 -.15 .17 -.21

RC2 -.16 -.03 .04 .17 .14 -.12 -.13 .06 .16 -.29 -.25 .01 .21 .01 -.23 -.19 .23 -.17RC7 .04 .08 .04 .04 .07 -.05 .05 .21 -.04 -.04 .09 .26 -.06 .02 .09 .10 -.09 .00

HLP -.04 -.01 .12 .20 .05 -.11 -.04 -.01 .14 .05 -.24 -.07 .19 .05 -.22 -.23 .26 -.06

Internalizing Scales – MMPI-3Baseline Assessment (n = 134) 2-week Followup (n = 101) 4-week Followup (n = 98) 6-week Followup (n = 93)

Intent Attit.OtherStigma

SelfStigma

LifeTx

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx

EID -.09 -.04 .11 .17 .20 -.20 -.06 .09 .08 -.33 -.16 .02 .13 -.05 -.17 -.15 .17 -.21

RC2 -.16 -.03 .04 .17 .14 -.12 -.13 .06 .16 -.29 -.25 .01 .21 .01 -.23 -.19 .23 -.17RC7 .04 .08 .04 .04 .07 -.05 .05 .21 -.04 -.04 .09 .26 -.06 .02 .09 .10 -.09 .00

HLP -.04 -.01 .12 .20 .05 -.11 -.04 -.01 .14 .05 -.24 -.07 .19 .05 -.22 -.23 .26 -.06

Internalizing Scales – MMPI-3Baseline Assessment (n = 134) 2-week Followup (n = 101) 4-week Followup (n = 98) 6-week Followup (n = 93)

Intent Attit.OtherStigma

SelfStigma

LifeTx

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx

EID -.09 -.04 .11 .17 .20 -.20 -.06 .09 .08 -.33 -.16 .02 .13 -.05 -.17 -.15 .17 -.21

RC2 -.16 -.03 .04 .17 .14 -.12 -.13 .06 .16 -.29 -.25 .01 .21 .01 -.23 -.19 .23 -.17RC7 .04 .08 .04 .04 .07 -.05 .05 .21 -.04 -.04 .09 .26 -.06 .02 .09 .10 -.09 .00

HLP -.04 -.01 .12 .20 .05 -.11 -.04 -.01 .14 .05 -.24 -.07 .19 .05 -.22 -.23 .26 -.06

Externalizing Scales – MMPI-3Baseline Assessment (n = 134) 2-week Followup (n = 101) 4-week Followup (n = 98) 6-week Followup (n = 93)

Intent Attit.OtherStigma

SelfStigma

LifeTx

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx

RC4 -.22 -.10 .17 .02 -.13 .03 -.20 -.16 .03 -.21 -.14 -.09 .09 .09 -.12 -.19 .08 -.09

JCP -.21 -.24 .22 .09 -.16 -.13 -.21 -.24 .14 -.16 -.14 -.21 .16 .04 -.10 -.24 .20 -.11IMP -.08 -.01 .21 .17 -.04 .06 -.08 -.01 .16 -.04 -.24 -.01 .26 .17 -.11 -.02 .22 .16

Interpersonal Scales – MMPI-3Baseline Assessment (n = 134) 2-week Followup (n = 101) 4-week Followup (n = 98) 6-week Followup (n = 93)

Intent Attit.OtherStigma

SelfStigma

LifeTx

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx

FML -.18 -.10 .12 .12 .02 .03 -.18 -.10 .15 .02 -.13 .07 .08 -.05 -.13 -.10 .18 -.11

CYN -.21 -.01 .31 .20 -.15 -.13 -.21 -.01 .24 -.15 -.10 .11 .19 .07 -.15 -.15 .18 .08

Externalizing Scales – MMPI-3Baseline Assessment (n = 134) 2-week Followup (n = 101) 4-week Followup (n = 98) 6-week Followup (n = 93)

Intent Attit.OtherStigma

SelfStigma

LifeTx

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx

RC4 -.22 -.10 .17 .02 -.13 .03 -.20 -.16 .03 -.21 -.14 -.09 .09 .09 -.12 -.19 .08 -.09

JCP -.21 -.24 .22 .09 -.16 -.13 -.21 -.24 .14 -.16 -.14 -.21 .16 .04 -.10 -.24 .20 -.11IMP -.08 -.01 .21 .17 -.04 .06 -.08 -.01 .16 -.04 -.24 -.01 .26 .17 -.11 -.02 .22 .16

Interpersonal Scales – MMPI-3Baseline Assessment (n = 134) 2-week Followup (n = 101) 4-week Followup (n = 98) 6-week Followup (n = 93)

Intent Attit.OtherStigma

SelfStigma

LifeTx

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx

FML -.18 -.10 .12 .12 .02 .03 -.18 -.10 .15 .02 -.13 .07 .08 -.05 -.13 -.10 .18 -.11

CYN -.21 -.01 .31 .20 -.15 -.13 -.21 -.01 .24 -.15 -.10 .11 .19 .07 -.15 -.15 .18 .08

Externalizing Scales – MMPI-3Baseline Assessment (n = 134) 2-week Followup (n = 101) 4-week Followup (n = 98) 6-week Followup (n = 93)

Intent Attit.OtherStigma

SelfStigma

LifeTx

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx

RC4 -.22 -.10 .17 .02 -.13 .03 -.20 -.16 .03 -.21 -.14 -.09 .09 .09 -.12 -.19 .08 -.09

JCP -.21 -.24 .22 .09 -.16 -.13 -.21 -.24 .14 -.16 -.14 -.21 .16 .04 -.10 -.24 .20 -.11IMP -.08 -.01 .21 .17 -.04 .06 -.08 -.01 .16 -.04 -.24 -.01 .26 .17 -.11 -.02 .22 .16

Interpersonal Scales – MMPI-3Baseline Assessment (n = 134) 2-week Followup (n = 101) 4-week Followup (n = 98) 6-week Followup (n = 93)

Intent Attit.OtherStigma

SelfStigma

LifeTx

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx

FML -.18 -.10 .12 .12 .02 .03 -.18 -.10 .15 .02 -.13 .07 .08 -.05 -.13 -.10 .18 -.11

CYN -.21 -.01 .31 .20 -.15 -.13 -.21 -.01 .24 -.15 -.10 .11 .19 .07 -.15 -.15 .18 .08

Externalizing Scales – MMPI-3Baseline Assessment (n = 134) 2-week Followup (n = 101) 4-week Followup (n = 98) 6-week Followup (n = 93)

Intent Attit.OtherStigma

SelfStigma

LifeTx

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx

RC4 -.22 -.10 .17 .02 -.13 .03 -.20 -.16 .03 -.21 -.14 -.09 .09 .09 -.12 -.19 .08 -.09

JCP -.21 -.24 .22 .09 -.16 -.13 -.21 -.24 .14 -.16 -.14 -.21 .16 .04 -.10 -.24 .20 -.11IMP -.08 -.01 .21 .17 -.04 .06 -.08 -.01 .16 -.04 -.24 -.01 .26 .17 -.11 -.02 .22 .16

Interpersonal Scales – MMPI-3Baseline Assessment (n = 134) 2-week Followup (n = 101) 4-week Followup (n = 98) 6-week Followup (n = 93)

Intent Attit.OtherStigma

SelfStigma

LifeTx

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx

FML -.18 -.10 .12 .12 .02 .03 -.18 -.10 .15 .02 -.13 .07 .08 -.05 -.13 -.10 .18 -.11

CYN -.21 -.01 .31 .20 -.15 -.13 -.21 -.01 .24 -.15 -.10 .11 .19 .07 -.15 -.15 .18 .08

Externalizing Scales – MMPI-3Baseline Assessment (n = 134) 2-week Followup (n = 101) 4-week Followup (n = 98) 6-week Followup (n = 93)

Intent Attit.OtherStigma

SelfStigma

LifeTx

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx

RC4 -.22 -.10 .17 .02 -.13 .03 -.20 -.16 .03 -.21 -.14 -.09 .09 .09 -.12 -.19 .08 -.09

JCP -.21 -.24 .22 .09 -.16 -.13 -.21 -.24 .14 -.16 -.14 -.21 .16 .04 -.10 -.24 .20 -.11IMP -.08 -.01 .21 .17 -.04 .06 -.08 -.01 .16 -.04 -.24 -.01 .26 .17 -.11 -.02 .22 .16

Interpersonal Scales – MMPI-3Baseline Assessment (n = 134) 2-week Followup (n = 101) 4-week Followup (n = 98) 6-week Followup (n = 93)

Intent Attit.OtherStigma

SelfStigma

LifeTx

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx

FML -.18 -.10 .12 .12 .02 .03 -.18 -.10 .15 .02 -.13 .07 .08 -.05 -.13 -.10 .18 -.11

CYN -.21 -.01 .31 .20 -.15 -.13 -.21 -.01 .24 -.15 -.10 .11 .19 .07 -.15 -.15 .18 .08

Externalizing Scales – MMPI-3Baseline Assessment (n = 134) 2-week Followup (n = 101) 4-week Followup (n = 98) 6-week Followup (n = 93)

Intent Attit.OtherStigma

SelfStigma

LifeTx

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx

RC4 -.22 -.10 .17 .02 -.13 .03 -.20 -.16 .03 -.21 -.14 -.09 .09 .09 -.12 -.19 .08 -.09

JCP -.21 -.24 .22 .09 -.16 -.13 -.21 -.24 .14 -.16 -.14 -.21 .16 .04 -.10 -.24 .20 -.11IMP -.08 -.01 .21 .17 -.04 .06 -.08 -.01 .16 -.04 -.24 -.01 .26 .17 -.11 -.02 .22 .16

Interpersonal Scales – MMPI-3Baseline Assessment (n = 134) 2-week Followup (n = 101) 4-week Followup (n = 98) 6-week Followup (n = 93)

Intent Attit.OtherStigma

SelfStigma

LifeTx

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx

FML -.18 -.10 .12 .12 .02 .03 -.18 -.10 .15 .02 -.13 .07 .08 -.05 -.13 -.10 .18 -.11

CYN -.21 -.01 .31 .20 -.15 -.13 -.21 -.01 .24 -.15 -.10 .11 .19 .07 -.15 -.15 .18 .08

Somatic Scales – MMPI-3Baseline Assessment (n = 134) 2-week Followup (n = 101) 4-week Followup (n = 98) 6-week Followup (n = 93)

Intent Attit.OtherStigma

SelfStigma

LifeTx

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx

EAT -.14 .03 .09 .18 .06 .01 -.14 .03 .16 .06 -.25 .02 .14 .01 -.26 -.24 .19 -.03

-.09

Somatic Scales – MMPI-3Baseline Assessment (n = 134) 2-week Followup (n = 101) 4-week Followup (n = 98) 6-week Followup (n = 93)

Intent Attit.OtherStigma

SelfStigma

LifeTx

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx Intent Attit.

SelfStigma

Recent Tx

EAT -.14 .03 .09 .18 .06 .01 -.14 .03 .16 .06 -.25 .02 .14 .01 -.26 -.24 .19 -.03

-.09

Discussion – MMPI-2-RF

• Negatively associated with intention to seek treatment• Negatively associated with recent use of treatment

Internalizing EID RC2 SUI BRF INTR-r

• Negatively associated with positive treatment attitudes • Positively associated with other-related stigma

Externalizing RC4 JCP

• None

Psychoticism

• Negatively associated with positive attitudes about treatment• Positively associated with other & self-stigma

Interpersonal RC3 DSF

• Negatively associated with recent treatment

Somatic MLS

Discussion – MMPI-3• Negatively associated with intention to Seek Treatment• Negatively associated with attitudes about treatment • Positively associated with self stigma• Negatively associated with use of treatment recently

Internalizing EID RC2 RC7 HLP BRF INTR-r

• Intention to seek treatment • Treatment attitudes • Other- and self- related stigma

Externalizing RC4 JCP IMP

• None

Psychoticism

• Negatively associated with intention to seek treatment• Positively associated with other- and self-related stigma

Interpersonal FML CYN

• Negatively associated with intention to seek treatment

Somatic EAT

Key Takeaways• Although small, these associations are larger relative to previous research and consistent with people who are in treatment.

• The MMPI-2-RF and the MMPI-3 have promise in assessing relevant treatment behaviors and outcomes that would be helpful for clinicians to be aware of when seeing clients

•Clinicians should take these associations into account to determine when to more specifically work on therapeutic alliance, counter mental health attitudes, and work on self- and other-related stigma