prefixes final

PREFIXES, DECODING AND CODING OF REFRIGERANTS

D R . AB D U A L H

A D I N. K

H A L I FA

PREFIXES OF REFRIGERANTSome of the most common refrigerants’ prefixes are

الكيميائي االسم Prefixes

components

كلوروفلوروكاربون Chlorofluorocarbon CFC Cl, F and C هايدروكلوروفلوروكارب

ونHydrochlorofluorocarbon HCFC H, Cl, F and C

هايدرويروموفلوروكاربون

Hydrobromofluorocarbon HBFC H, Br, F and C

هايدروفلوروكاربون Hydrofluorocarbon HFC H, F and Cهايدروكاربون Hydrocarbon HC H and C

مشبعة هيدروكاربونات Perfluorocarbon PFC F and Cالهالونات Halon Halon Br, Cl (in some),

F, H (in some), C

DECODING OF REFRIGERANT NUMBERThe prefix describes the kinds of atoms

in a particular molecule, and the next step is to calculate the number of each type of atom. The key to the code is to add 90 to the number; the result shows the number of

C, H, and F atoms

CARBON BONDSEvery carbon atoms have 4 bonds, the following equation

can be used to calculate the number of bonds in one or more carbon atoms

#Bonds= 2×#C+2If there are two carbon atoms the number of bonds are

equals to#Bonds= 2×2+2= 6Foe 3 C#Bonds= 2×3+2=8And so on

EXAMPLEHCFC- 141

#C= 2#H=3#F=1The remains bonds of C should have Chlorine atoms #Cl= #bonds - #H - #F #Cl= 2×2+2-3-1 = 6 – 4 = 2

Ref-#

+ 90 = C H F

141 + 90 = 2 3 1

Then What is the chemical composition of HCFC-141 HCFC-141a and HCFC-141b ???The “letter ” at the end describes how these atoms

are arranged; different “isomers” contain the same atoms, but they are arranged differently.

R-141 CONTAINS THE FOLLOWING ATOMS

Cl F H C35.5 19 1 12

C

C

H

H

H

F

Cl

Cl

19

35.5

35.5

1

1

1

1+1+1= 390=35.5+35.5+19 90-3= 87

R-141 CONTAINS THE FOLLOWING ATOMS

Cl F H C35.5 19 1 12

C

C

H

H

H

F

Cl

Cl

19

1

35.5 1

1

35.5

35.5+1+1= 37.555.5=1+35.5+19 55.5-37.5= 18

R-141 CONTAINS THE FOLLOWING ATOMS

Cl F H C35.5 19 1 12

C

C

H

H

H

F

Cl

Cl

35.5

1

35.5 1

1

19

19+1+1= 2172=1+35.5+35.5 72-22= 51

CCl Cl

F

H

C

H

H

35.5

1

19

1

35.5

1

35.5+1+1= 37.555.5= 1+35.5+19

CCl F

Cl

H

C

H

H

35.5

1

35.5

1

19

1+19+1=21

1

72=35.5+35.5+1

CCl H

Cl

F

C

H

H

35.5

19

35.5

1

1

1

1+1+1=390=19+35.5+35.5

55.5-37.5=18 72-21=51

90-3=87

HCFC-141

HCFC-141a

HCFC-141b

CHFClCH2Cl CHCl2CH2Cl

CFCl2CH3

CFC-12 does not have any isomers, since it contains only one C. In addition, there is no need to number the carbons

MOLECULES WITH THREE-C ATOMSMolecules with three-C atoms are more complicated

to name, such as HCFC-225ca. The first letter designates the atoms attached to

the middle C atom, and the second letter designates decreasing

symmetry in atomic weights of atoms attached to the outside C atoms.

Unlike 2C chains, however, the most symmetric distribution is the “a” isomer, instead of omitting the letter entirely.

The code letters for the atoms on middle C are

C C C

Cl

Cl

a

C C C

F

Cl

b

C C C

F

F

c

C C C

H

Cl

d

C C C

F

H

e

C C C

H

H

f

EXAMPLEHCFC-225ca

#C= 3#H= 1#F = 5The remains bonds of C should have Chlorine atoms #Cl= #bonds - #H - #F #Cl= 2×3+2-1-5 = 8 – 6= 2

Ref-#

+ 90 = C H F

225 + 90 = 3 1 5

THE LETTER C MEANS

C C C

F19

F19

F19

F19 Cl

35.5

Cl 35.5

H1

F19

57 72 72-57=15

CF3CF2CHCL2CClF2CF2CHClF

HCFC-225ca HCFC-225cb

REFRIGERANTS CODINGCFC-12

HCFC-22HCFC-123 PFC-218

HC-170

HFC-329CFC-13B1

R-717HC-601

R507

R407A

HC-1150

PFC-218

Since a large number of refrigerants have been developed over the years for a wide variety of applications, a numbering system has been adopted to designate various refrigerants. From the number one can get some useful information about the type of refrigerant, its chemical composition, molecular weight etc.

SERIES NUMBERING FOR REFRIGERANT CLASSES

000 Methane-based100 Ethane-based200 Propane-based300 Cyclic organic400 Zeotropes500 Azeotropes600 Organic700 Inorganic1000 Unsaturated organic

This numbering system also allows refrigerants to be grouped into series. Below is an explanation of the various refrigerant groups.

METHANE, ETHAN, PROPANE BASES , CYCLIC ORGANIC AND UNSATURATED ORGANIC The number assigned to each refrigerant is related to its chemical composition and the system has been formalized as ASHRAE Standard 34. The numbering system rules are as follows:

1000 100 10 1 Br #Unsaturated organic

C-1 H+1 F If the refrigerant contains bromine

atoms

Number of bromine

atoms

EXAMPLESFor example CHF3

The refrigerant is saturated since the number of atoms equals to the number of carbon bonds

Since the refrigerant contains C, H and F the prefixes is HFC-23

1000 100 10 1 Br #Unsaturated organic

C-1 H+1 F If the refrigerant contains bromine

atoms

Number of bromine

atoms

000 1-1=0 1+1=2 3 ---- ------

CHCl 2CF 3

HCFC – 123

1000 100 10 1 Br #Unsaturated organic

C-1 H+1 F If the refrigerant contains bromine

atoms

Number of bromine

atoms

000 2-1=1 1+1=2 3 ---- ------

CF 3CF 2CF 3

• It is a Per fluorinated refrigerant thus, the prefixes is PFC, and the refrigerant is PFC-218

1000 100 10 1 Br #Unsaturated organic

C-1 H+1 F If the refrigerant contains bromine

atoms

Number of bromine

atoms

000 3-1=2 0+1=1 8 ---- ------

CBrF3

CFC-13 B1

1000 100 10 1 Br #Unsaturated organic

C-1 H+1 F If the refrigerant contains bromine

atoms

Number of bromine

atoms

000 1-1=0 0+1=1 3 Br 1

C2H6

HC- 170

1000 100 10 1 Br #Unsaturated organic

C-1 H+1 F If the refrigerant contains bromine

atoms

Number of bromine

atoms

000 2-1=1 6+1=7 0 --- ---

ZEOTROPIC AND AZEOTROPIC BLENDS.As a special case, the R-400 series is made up of zeotropic blends (those where

the boiling point of constituent compounds differs enough to lead to changes in relative concentration because of fractional distillation)

and the R-500 series is made up of so-called azeotropic blends.

The rightmost digit is assigned arbitrarily by ASHRAE, an industry organization.

MISCELLANEOUS ORGANIC COMPONENTSMiscellaneous organic compounds shall be assigned numbers in

the 600 series in decadal groupsFor the saturated hydrocarbons with 4 to 8 carbon atoms, the

number assigned shall be 600 plus the number of carbon atoms minus 4

Example

Butane CH3CH2CH2CH3HC – 600+( 4-4)== HC-600

Isobutene (CH3)2CHCH2CH3HC – 600 +(5-4)= HC - 601

ORGANIC COMPONENTSThese are designated by number 7 followed by the molecular weight of

the refrigerant

Example NH3R-700+( 14+3)= R-717

H2OR-718

CO2R-744

UNSATURATED REFRIGERANTUnsaturated hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons that have double

or triple covalent bonds between adjacent carbon atomsExample C2H4

Number of carbon bonds is 6, number of atoms are 4, 2 bonds are free

C

C

H

H

H

H??

Propene CH3CH=CH 2

Carbon bonds = 2×3+2 = 8# atoms 6 unsaturated

HC- 1270

1000 100 10 1 Br #Unsaturated organic

C-1 H+1 F If the refrigerant contains bromine

atoms

Number of bromine

atoms

1 3-1=2 6+1=7 0 --- --

Thank You For

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