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Preliminary Assessment Report using Marine Stewardship Council standard for Captured Prawn Commodity (Penaeus indicus and Penaeus monodon) with Trammel net in Kotabaru, South Kalimantan from WWF Indonesia team and Seafood Savers in part of Fisheries Management Improvement Program Conducted by: Buguh Tri Hardianto, Faridz Rizal Preliminary Assessment of Implemented Area: Kotabaru Sea Area, South Kalimantan Client: PT. Sekar Laut Client Contact: Welliam (PT Sekar Laut/ 0812 3528 4352) This report is an independent assessment which is conducted by Marine Program of WWF Indonesia on client fisheries activities. The ownership right of this report belongs to Marine Program of WWF Indonesia and the client. Producing a partial or full copy of this report is permitted only with both sides permission.
Table of Contents Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................................................ 3
1. Preface ........................................................................................................................................................................ 5
1.1. Scope of Study of Preliminary Assessment ........................................................................................................ 5
1.2. Aim of Preliminary Assessment .......................................................................................................................... 6
2. Information references ............................................................................................................................................... 6
3. Fisheries Description .................................................................................................................................................. 6
3.1 Seasons and Fishing Ground ....................................................................................................................................... 11
3.1. Prawn Catches .................................................................................................................................................. 13
4. Fisheries Resources .................................................................................................................................................. 14
4.1. Characteristics of Shrimp .................................................................................................................................. 14
4.2. Fish Stock Prediction ......................................................................................................................................... 17
5. Fisheries Interaction on Ecosystem .......................................................................................................................... 17
5.1. Primary Species................................................................................................................................................. 17
5.2. Secondary Species ............................................................................................................................................ 19
5.3. Protected and Threatened Species................................................................................................................... 20
5.4. Fisheries Practices Effect on Sea Floor Habitat ................................................................................................ 20
5.5. Effect on Food Web (Trophic Effect) ................................................................................................................ 20
6. Fisheries Management ............................................................................................................................................. 21
6.1. Fisheries Management Agency ......................................................................................................................... 21
6.2. General Fisheries Management Strategy ......................................................................................................... 20
6.3. Specific Fisheries Management Strategy .......................................................................................................... 21
6.4. Fisheries Subsidy ............................................................................................................................................... 21
7. Fisheries Preliminary Assessment on MSC Principal and Criteria ........................................................................... 22
7.1. Principal 1. Fisheries Stock Sustainability ......................................................................................................... 22
7.2. Principal 2. Fisheries Practice Effect on Ecosystem .......................................................................................... 27
7.3. Principal 3. Fisheries Management Effectivity ................................................................................................. 39
8. Conclusion and Reccomendation ............................................................................................................................. 44
Executive Summary
MSC (Marine Stewardship Council) ecolabel certification since introduced for the first time in 1999 is already accepted
widely as certificating system that is suitable to Eco-labelling guide and CCRF (Code of Conduct for Responsible
Fisheries) from FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization). In the independent report recently released (2010), Accentura
mentioned that this certification system is the best of 6 certificating systems akin. By using MSC standard, certified
product is expected to possess on good characteristic in the fisheries management, ecologically sustainable, and its
traceability mechanism. This ecolabel certification system is already became standardize fisheries product which is
ecofriendly and sustainable, moreover is the main requirement in order for this product to be able marketed to Europe
and America. Majority big retailers with wide connection in this two continents are already committed since 2012 will
accept only MSC certified fishery products.
WWF Indonesia initiate Seafood Savers for supporting fishers groups and fisheries entrepreneur which is positively
committed to transform its assisted group to be sustainable and responsible. One of the activities by Seafood Savers
to support the industry is through Preliminary assessment using MSC standard for assessing the fisheries industry
competence relate to join this eco-label certification.
This Preliminary Assessment is aiming to provide information in general about the assessed fisheries, bases on data
that is collected from client and management authority where the fisheries activities is located. Other aim of this
Preliminary assessment is to identify disturbance or problem possibility in joining MSC eco-label. Although the utilized
method is same, the result from pre assessment and full assessment MSC might indicate slight difference if stakeholder
involvement and the approach are different.
Fisheries activities which are conducted by fishers in Kotabaru utilize Trammel Net and Mini Trawl to catch shrimp.
Every fishers own a fishing vessel by themselves while it is operated by one to three fishers. Fishers in Kotabaru have
balance percentage in these 2 fishing gear utilization. Therefore after the trawl ban, the fishers is transforming or
changing their mini trawl fishing gear to trammel net.
Several prawns that become capture target is white prawn (Penaeus indicus) and Banana prawn (Penaeus merguiensis).
Whilst the non-target prawns still possess a high economic value and are utlized by the fishers are Tiger prawn (P.
monodon) Ranbow shrimp (Parapenaeopsis sculptilis), Endevour prawn (Metapenaeus ensis), dan Stork shrimp
(Metapenaeus brevicornis). Beside that, Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) is also being caught.
PRINCIPAL INDICATOR SCORE IMPROVEMENT PRIORITY
Fisheries Stock Sustainability
1.1.1 Resource Stock Status <60 HIGH
1.1.2 Stock Improvement <60 HIGH
1.2.1 Harvest Strategy <60 HIGH
1.2.2 Capturing Aid and Regulation <60 HIGH
1.2.3 Information/Monitoring <60 HIGH
1.2.4 Stock Status Assessment <60 HIGH
Fisheries Practice Effect on Ecosystem
2.1.1 Primary Species Yield Status <60 HIGH
2.1.2 Primary Species Management Strategy <60 HIGH
2.1.3 Information <60 HIGH
2.2.1 Secondary Species Yield Status <60 HIGH
2.2.2 Secondary Status Management Strategy <60 HIGH
2.2.3 Information <60 HIGH
2.3.1 ETP Species Yield Status <60 HIGH
2.3.2 ETP Species Management Strategy 60-80 MODERATE
2.3.3 Information <60 HIGH
2.4.1 Habitat Status 60-80 MODERATE
2.4.2 Habitat Management Strategy 60-80 MODERATE
2.4.3 Information <60 HIGH
2.5.1 Ecosystem Status <60 HIGH
2.5.2 Ecosystem Management Status <60 HIGH
2.5.3 Ecosystem Information/monitoring <60 HIGH
Fisheries Management Effectivity
3.1.1 Legal Framework 60-80 MODERATE
3.1.2 Consultation, Role &Responsibility <60 HIGH
3.1.3 Long-term Goal 60-80 MODERATE
3.2.1 Specific Fisheries Goal <60 HIGH
3.2.2 Decision-Making Process <60 HIGH
3.2.3 Regulation Compability & Implementation <60 HIGH
3.2.4 Management Implementation Monitoring and Evaluation
<60 HIGH
1. Preface MSC (Marine Stewardship Council) ecolabel certification since introduced for the first time in 1999 is already
accepted widely as certificating system that is suitable to Eco-labelling guide and CCRF (Code of Conduct for
Responsible Fisheries) from FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization). In the independent report recently
released (2010), Accentura mentioned that this certification system is the best of 6 certificating systems akin.
By using MSC standard, certified product is expected to possess on good characteristic in the fisheries
management, ecologically sustainable, and its traceability mechanism. This ecolabel certification system is
already became standardize fisheries product which is ecofriendly and sustainable, moreover is the main
requirement in order for this product to be able marketed to Europe and America. Majority big retailers with
wide connection in this two continents are already committed since 2012 will accept only MSC certified fishery
products.
Export fisheries for Indonesia is one of the main contributor of country’s stock exchange. As a country where
two-thirds of it’s territory is waters, Indonesia is included in tenth biggest fish exporting countries worldwide
with export value was US$ 1.69 billion in 2004 (FAO 2004) and arose to US$ 1.91 billion in 2005 (Ministry of
Marine Affairs and Fisheries). Looking at market demand of Europe and America that attract to fisheries
products which are already certified eco-label and correlate with Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries vision
for creating the biggest fisheries products supplier, therefore an attempt to facilitate consumer need abroad
shall be accommodated.
WWF Indonesia initiate Seafood Savers for supporting fishers groups and fisheries entrepreneurs which are
positively committed to transform its assisted group to be sustainable and responsible. One of the activities by
Seafood Savers to support the industry is through Preliminary assessment using MSC standard for assessing
the fisheries industry competence relates to join this eco-label certification.
1.1. Scope of Study of Preliminary Assessment Preliminary assessment covers assessment certification unit which means fishery or fisheries stock combined with procedure / tools and captured practice on intended fishery. This information will be important for giving to MSC auditor during certification process.
Table 1: Certification Units
Target Species White Prawn (Penaeus indicus) Tiger Prawn (Penaeus monodon)
Geographic Location / FMA NRI (Indonesian Fisheries Management Area)
FMA (Fisheries Management Area) 713 : Kotabaru, South Kalimantan
Fisheries Management - PERMEN KP (Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Regulation) No. 29 / 2012
- PERMEN KP (Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Regulation) No. 30 / 2012
- KEPMEN KP (Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Regulation) No.80 / 2016
- PERMEN KP (Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Regulation) No. 18 / 2013
- UU (regulation) RI (Republic of Indonesia) No. 27 / 2007 - UU (regulation) 31 / 2004 about Fisheries - PERMEN KP (Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries
Regulation) No. 2 / 2014
Method Trammel Net
Management Authorities - Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries - Fisheries offices at provincial & district level in South
Kalimantan province - Fisheries offices at provincial & district level Kotabaru
regency
Client PT. Sekar Laut
Preliminary Assessment was conducted using MSC documents Pre-Assessment Reporting Template Version 2.0, 8 October 2014.
1.2. Aim of Preliminary Assessment This Preliminary Assessment is aiming to provide information in general about the assessed fisheries, bases on
data that are collected from client and management authority where the fisheries activities are located. Other
aim of this Preliminary assessment is to identify disturbance or problem possibility in joining MSC eco-label.
Although the utilized method is same, the result from pre assessment and full assessment MSC might indicate
slight difference if stakeholder involvement and the approach are different.
2. Information References This Preliminary assessment is created according to these information references:
Meetings
Table 2: Meeting Contact Person list
Date & Location Name & Position Institutions Contact
5 November 2017 Abah Ali (Rampak lama fisherman)
Rampak Lama fishers 082352535459
5 November 2017 Tajuddin (Rainbow prawn
collector)
081348258383
5 November 2017 Rustam (Rainbow prawn
collector)
081348859329
4 November 2017 KADIS DKP (Chief of Fisheries
offices at district level) Berau
KADIS DKP (Chief of
Fisheries offices at
district level) Berau
081351513961
5 November 2017 Burhan (fishers and local
facilitator)
081251776218
5 November 2017 Amirullah (Chief of PPI Kotabaru) 085219323117
5 November 2017 Ayun (PT. Sekar Laut collector) 081348583333
Other Information
Komnaskajiskan. 2006. Indonesian fishes stock resources status at each fisheries management area.
Kepmen (Ministerial Decree) No. 45 / 2011. About fish resource potential estimation in Indonesian
Fisheries Management Area.
www.fishbase.org
PERMEN KP (Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Regulation) No. 2 / 2015 about trawl and seine net
ban in Indonesian Fisheries Management Area
3. Fisheries Description Prawn fisheries in Indonesia majority are conducted for supplying market in Japan, America, and Europe,
because of the higher price offered than if it compare to the price offer by domestic market. Harvest strategy
mostly is conducted with two methods; Passive gears like gill net and trammel net, and active gears such as
lampara net. However since the establishment of PERMEN KP (Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries
Regulation) No. 2 / 2015 about trawl and seine net ban in WWP-RI (Indonesia Fisheries Management Area),
fishers is already tend to used gill net and trammel net on capturing prawns. However, lampara dasar and
danish seine usage are still occurred.
Based on meeting on November 4th 2016 with Matahari fishers group, DKP (Fisheries offices at district level)
Kotabaru regency, Trammel net and lampara net fishers in Rampak lama village, Rampak Baru dan Hilir, and
prawns collectors in 4 locations that stated that prawn fisheries in Kotabaru are already conducted from
generation to generation, predicted since 80s. Preliminaryly, Misaja Mitra Company started it, by using trawl
net for capturing prawn. After trawl net was banned, around 200 companies stop capturing and only buy
capturing prawn from fishers that use trammel net and Lampara net. Whereas traditional fishers in Kotabaru,
have 50-50 precentage of trammel net and lampara net usage. Capturing target of these two fishing gears are
also different. Trammel net is target on big size Banana prawn and Tiger prawn, Lampara net is target on
rainbow prawn and other smaller prawns. Fisheries activities are conducted by fishers in Kotabaru do not focus
on one target commodity. At least 2 kind of prawns are became target by fishers, Banana and Tiger prawn.
Both are often being caught by fishers using trammel net with fishing vessel size less than 1GT. Every fishing
vessel is operated by 2 – 3 fishers.
Below are Jaring Gondrong or Trammel Net specification.
Trammel net
50% of fishers in Kotabaru utilize trammel net in capturing prawn. By targeting on big size prawn such as Banana
prawn and Tiger prawn, trammel net is operated by 2 person in 1 vessel. Usually fishers depart for fishing at
05.30 – 14.00.
Trammel net that is operated by Kotabaru fishers is made by nylon (PA) and monofilament with mesh size 5
inch on outer part of net and 1,6 inch on inner part of net. Usually fishers operated trammel net with 28 m of
net length and 2 -3 meter width / 1 piece. In 1 set of trammel net that is operated, there are 7 – 15 pieces of
net that link to each other with same specification. In 1 day, fishers can operate trammel net up to 5 times.
Picture 1. Difference between inner and outer mesh sizes
(© WWF-Indonesia 2017/Buguh.T)
Picture 2. Trammel net Construction Sketch (© WWF-Indonesia 2017/Buguh.T)
Capturing technique of Trammel Net is by sweeping the sea floor and cut out the current. Therefore, prawn in
seafloor will trap into the net. There are several steps in operated this trammel net:
1. Setting
Setting is conducted by 2 person. One person is on net buoy side and the other person at net ballast. The net
is released into the bottom of the sea, and on the net tip is given a marker buoy.
2. Towing
Towing is conducted by circling or moving in the opposite direction. After all nets are released, the vessel can
moved sweep the seafloor so the prawn will be trap into the net.
3. Hauling
Hauling is conducted by pulling the net from linking side of the vessel. The net is pulled from net buoy and
ballast, while collecting the catch that are trap on net. Prawns that are obtained are put into the container
without ice.
Catches
The catches usually consist of tiger prawns. The other type of prawns such as endevour prawns and other
prawns, will be also utilized by fishers. Fishers usually bring ice to the sea, Catch prawns are placed into a
container contain ice mix with sea water. This is to keep the prawn freshness when it bring back to home.
However, if the prawns are a lot, captured prawn will be let on the net without being plaed in the ice container.
Then after arrived at home, fishers will release the prawn from the net.
Picture 3. The prawn was being realesed from the net (© WWF-Indonesia 2017/Buguh.T)
Trammel net that is utilized by fishers included into selective fishing gear category. Catch composition of
trammel net among others;
Based on a diagram above, 80% catch from trammel net is white prawn, 10% for tiger prawn, 5% for rajungan,
and 5% for other fishes. Here are the illustration of precentage breakdown of it:
Udang White
Udang Tiger
Rajungan
Ikan Lainnya
Table 3. Percentage of Trammel net catch species composition
No. Shrimp Type Scientifict Name Picture Percentage
1 White / Banana
prawn
Panaeus
marguensis
80%
2 Tiger prawn Panaeus monodon
10%
4 Blue swimming
crab Portunus pelagicus
5%
5 Indian
Mackerel
5%
Catch of prawns by fishers usually only sell to fishing collectors in Kotabaru. Then after that, this collector will
sell to various area, such as Banjarmasin and other places in Jawa.
For price list of prawns that sold by fishers are;
Table 4. Shrimp Price List in Kotabaru
Commodity Price list (IDR)
Tiger Prawn U 30 = Rp130.000
White / Banana Prawn U 30 – 40 = Rp. 175.000 U 50 Up = Rp. 125.000
Endevour Prawn Rp. 42.000/Kg
Rainbow Shrimp 12.500/Kg
Stork Shrimp Rp. 41.000
Yellow shrimp Rp. 38.000
3.1 Season and Fishing Ground Harvesting prawn is conducted throughout the year, only for tiger prawn and white prawn that have
particular season. Target fisheries season in detail based on information from fishers, the most productive
seasons is during rainy season. Other than the harvest season, it is also affected by wind, when the east
wind blows lesser fish is captured and during west wind blows more prawn is captured. According to fishers
explanation, harvest season especially prawn is usually on October to January. Whilst for low season of
prawn is usually on August to September. Beside this harvest season, fishers from Kotabaru also possess
local custom where on Friday, fishers will not go to sea.
In general, prawn catches in Kotabaru, South Kalimantan, based on season can be seen through above
table:
Table 6: Fishing Seasons
Spesies Season Month Notation
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Banana
prawn
Peak X X X X
Normal
Low
Spawning
Tiger
prawn
Peak X X X X
Normal
Low
Spawning
Endevour
prawn
Peak X X X X X X X X X X X X can be captured
throughout the
year
Normal
Low
Spawning
Rainbow
shrimp
Peak X X X X X X X X X X X X can be captured
throughout the
year
Normal
Low
Spawning
Stork
shrimp
Peak X X X X X X X X X X X X can be captured
throughout the
year
Normal
Low
Spawning
Yellow
shrimp
Peak X X X X X X X X X X X X can be captured
throughout the
year
Normal
Low
Spawning
Season Harvest Total per Fisherman Per Day
Annotation
Peak (October – January) ±10 - 15 kg For all catch
Low (August – September) Bad weather for capturing prawn
There was an inclining of catch that already perceived by fishers in Kotabaru. In fishers opinion, the inclining
occur in amount and size of catch. A big differences if it is compared to catch in 1970s. Beside this, the fishing
ground become more distance. Fishers stated that the inclining catch might occurred due to the usage of
harmful bomb and toxic during prawn capture activities.
Fishing ground of trammel net and Lampara net fishers are located at the same location. The differences of
these two fishing gear is the water depth. Trammel net usually is operated in 7 – 20 meter depth, whereas
Lampara dasar is operated in 5 – 10 meter. The travelling time from fishing base to fishing ground take 1 – 2
hours using vessel with 35PK engine. Several fishing ground are;
- Pamukan Bay Waters
- Plumpang Bay Waters
- Sea area around Dewa Cape
- Sebuku Strait Waters
- Pantai Waters
- Partially in southern of Sebuku Island waters (Seloka Cape and its surrounding)
Picture 4.1
Prawn Fishing ground of Fishers in Kotabaru
around Kotabaru sea area
3.1. Capturing Target Prawn The type of prawn target in Kotabaru is can be seen at table below.
Table 7: Capturing target Prawn by fishers in Kotabaru
Popular Name : Banana Prawn Indonesian Name : Udang Putih Scientific Name : Penaeus merguiensis
Popular Name : Tiger Prawn Indonesian Name : Udang Windu Scientific Name : Penaeus monodon
Popular Name : Endevour prawn Indonesian Name : Udang Ende Scientific Name : Metapenaeus ensis
Popular Name : Rainbow shrimp Indonesian Name : Udang Kerosok Scientific Name : Parapenaeopsis sculptilis
Popular Name : Stork shrimp Indonesian Name : Udang Lampis Scientific Name : Metapenaeus tenuipes
Popular Name : Yellow shrimp Indonesian Name : Udang Bintik Scientific Name : Metapenaeus brevicornis
4. Fisheries Resources
4.1. Prawn Characteristics Target prawn is included into a big Panaeid group, which this prawn group is often associated with muddy and sand seafloor. Although mainly prawn is in muddy and sand seafloor, during juvenile phase they can be found in estuary and mangrove habitat. Prawn mostly live in 10 -50 meter, with majority found at 10 – 45 meter depth. They are omnivore in general such as detritus and another organism residual. There is no information about gender composition on catch, however if the activities are conducted at spawning area, it might exploit a lot of male prawn. Mostly the life pattern of prawn covers several steps that is required different habitat in every steps. Prawn is usually spawning at relatively deep water. After it hatch, the larva is planktonic and floating through current, then swims to look for low salinity water around coastal and estuary area. The prawn larva develop and grow at the coastal area. Reaching nearly adult stage, the prawns go back to the deep sea that has higher salinity for spawning. These stages circulate
and become prawn life cycle. A penaeid prawn during grown and development experiences several phases, Nauplius, zoea, mysis, post larva, juvenile, and adult prawn.
Table 8: Biological characteristics of Target Species
Scientific Name
General Characteristics Mean Length (cm)
Maximum Length (cm)
Adult Length (cm)
Reproduction Strategy
Trophic level
Panaeus marguensis
➢ The species is commercially of major importance in the Persian Gulf and in Pakistan (Longhurst, 1970:280,281; Tirmizi, in Litt.). In India this species has often been confused with Penaeus indicus so that its present economic status is not quite accurately known, but Jones (1967: 1333) pointed out that it definitely contributes to the commercial fishery along the Karwar coast of W. India. Kurian & Sebastian (1976:100) reported that there is a small fishery for this species "in the middle region of east and west coasts" of India, while "juveniles are fished from estuaries". it is not mentioned for Bangladesh by Ahmad (1957), so that it is possible that a confusion with P. indicus has occurred here also. P. merguiensis is also important off the northwestern coast of Malaya, and possibly the west coast of Thailand, and the Philippines (Longhurst, 1970:284-290). In Indonesia it is taken by trawlers off E. Sumatra, the south coast of Java, off Borneo and in the Arafura Sea, being the dominant species there. In Australia it is the most important commercial species of Queensland, and also in Western Australia it may become very important (Racek, 1955:222; 1957:12). In the Gulf of Papua it is trawled for;
➢ the catch is frozen.It plays a role in pond culture in Thailand (Shigueno, 1975:120) and in Indonesia. The total catch reported for this species to FAO for 1999 was 78 743 t. The countries with the largest catches were Indonesia (65 230 t) and Thailand (9 200 t).
35 mm (CL)
240 mm (female)
33.86 mm (CL)
dioecism.
bearers External
brooders
3.36 s.e 0.35 individual food items
Panaeus monodon
➢ In S.E. and E. Africa (Natal to Somalia, including Madagascar) the species is of minor or moderate commercial importance, it is used for bait and food.In Pakistan it is likewise of minor importance. Jones (1967:1333) indicated that it is more common in prawn catches on the east coast of India than on the west coast. According to Chopra (1939:222) "This is the commonest large sized penaeid of Calcutta, and is sold in our markets in enormous quantities". Kurian & Sebastian (1976:100) cited it as an important commercial species in India, especially on the east coast (Bengal and Orissa); juveniles being caught in estuaries. Also in Bangladesh it is of considerable commercial importance. In Malaya and Thailand Penaeus monodon is fished in offshore waters. It is obtained both by pond fishing and inshore fishing in Malaya, Singapore, Indonesia, the Philippines and Taiwan; because of its large size the species is quite important economically. Domantay (1956:363) indicated that "among the commercially important prawns in the Philippines, Penaeus monodon Fabricius
37 – 47 mm (CL)
330 mm 164-190 mm
dioecism.
bearers
External brooders
37.70 s.e 0.39 based on food items
stands foremost". In Japan and Korea it seems to be of minor importance; Yoshida (1941) remarked that it was sold on the Fusan market in Korea. Also in Australia the species is of commercial interest: Harrison, Kesteven & Setter (1965:8) listed it among the commercial species of the Gulf of Carpentaria, while Racek (1957:12) mentioned it as the last of the six most important species of New South Wales, and as the fourth in importance of the species taken in offshore waters of Queensland. Rapson & McIntosh (1971:17) reported it as constituting about 7% of the commercial catches in New Guinea (mainly in the Gulf of Papua). The total catch reported for FAO The total catch reported for this species to FAO for 1999 was 144 042 t. The countries with the largest catches were India (93 830t) and Indonesia (31 510 t). One of the most used fishing technique for this species is the "Shrimp outrigger trawling".
Metapenaeus ensis
➢ Maximum carapace length: 3.5 cm (male); 4.2 cm (female) (Ref. 8). Common body length: 7.0 to 14.0 cm (Ref. 409). Minimum depth range from Ref. 111048. Found mainly in turbid waters down to a depth of 95 m over bottoms of mud, sandy-mud or silt. Juveniles are found in estuaries and backwaters, also in seagrass beds, mangrove banks, mud flats, and open channels (Ref. 8) while adults are found in deeper waters (Ref. 10). Juveniles from a riverine mangrove are likely to obtain nutrition from phytoplankton and possibly epiphytic algae than from mangrove leaves or detritus (Ref. 105141). In general, the majority of penaeids are omnivorous or detritus feeders (Ref. 105082). Members of the order Decapoda are mostly gonochoric. Mating behavior: Precopulatory courtship ritual is common (through olfactory and tactile cues); usually indirect sperm transfer (Ref. 833). Spawning occurred throughout the year with peak in September (Ref. 94179).
3.63 cm 9.8 cm (male) 11.3 (Female)
3.5 cm dioecism.
bearers External
brooders
2.00 based on individual food items
Parapenaeopsis sculptilis
➢ Minimum depth from Ref. 107878. Juveniles are found in an estuary (Ref. 106922). Inhabits sand, mud, mud flats, mud mixed with shell fragments, fine sloppy alluvial silt, and clean sand with coarse shell and gravel (Ref. 106856). Omnivorous bottom feeder (Ref. 105082). Mating behavior: Precopulatory courtship ritual is common (through olfactory and tactile cues); usually indirect sperm transfer (Ref. 833).
n/a 17.0 cm 7.8 cm dioecism.
bearers
External brooders
3.10 s.e 0.35 From individual food items
Metapenaeus tenuipes
➢ Members of the order Decapoda are mostly gonochoric. Mating behavior: Precopulatory courtship ritual is common (through olfactory and tactile cues); usually indirect sperm transfer (Ref. 833).
n/a 9.7 cm n/a dioecism.
bearers
External brooders
n/a
Metapenaeus brevicornis
➢ Members of the order Decapoda are mostly gonochoric. Mating behavior: Precopulatory courtship ritual is common (through olfactory and tactile cues); usually indirect sperm transfer (Ref. 833).
13.3 cm 15.2cm
http://bppl.kkp.go.id/uploads/publikasi/karya_tulis_ilmiah/Duranta1.pdf
http://www.fao.org/fishery/culturedspecies/
4.2. Prawn Stock Prediction Kepmen (Ministerial Decree) No. 45 / 2011 especially at FMA (Fisheries Management Area) 713 explained about demersal fish stock is in over exploited condition. However, there is not yet a more specific information of target prawn species. Because the stock status that is available is not at species level, therefore for further activities in pre assessment MSC process, it is recommended to use Risk Based Framework (RBF), and further assessment by Harvest Control Rules (HCR).
5. Fisheries Interaction on Ecosystem
5.1. Primary Species Primary species is a species that is already managed, this species is located in species scope on species unit.
Primary species in general is species with high economic value, outside or inside of assessment unit, with
management tools arrange the harvest strategy and has a reference point. Moreover, the institution or
regulation manage this species (or its stock species) usually will possess same area of assessed fisheries.
Table 9: Primary species name that is captured using line
Popular Name : Endevour prawn
Indonesian Name : Udang Ende
Scientific Name : Metapenaeus ensis
Popular Name : Rainbow shrimp
Indonesian Name : Udang Kerosok
Scientific Name : Parapenaeopsis
sculptilis
Popular Name : Stork shrimp
Indonesian Name : Udang Lampis
Scientific Name : Metapenaeus
tenuipes
Popular Name : Yellow shrimp
Indonesian Name : Udang Bintik
Scientific Name : Metapenaeus
brevicornis
http://www.fao.org/fishery/culturedspecies/
Table 10: Biological Characteristics of primary species Scientific Name
General Characteristics Mean Length (cm)
Maximum Length (cm)
Adult Length (cm)
Reproduction Strategy
Trophic level
Metapenaeus ensis
➢ Maximum carapace length: 3.5 cm (male); 4.2 cm (female) (Ref. 8). Common body length: 7.0 to 14.0 cm (Ref. 409). Minimum depth range from Ref. 111048. Found mainly in turbid waters down to a depth of 95 m over bottoms of mud, sandy-mud or silt. Juveniles are found in estuaries and backwaters, also in seagrass beds, mangrove banks, mud flats, and open channels (Ref. 8) while adults are found in deeper waters (Ref. 10). Juveniles from a riverine mangrove are likely to obtain nutrition from phytoplankton and possibly epiphytic algae than from mangrove leaves or detritus (Ref. 105141). In general, the majority of penaeids are omnivorous or detritus feeders (Ref. 105082). Members of the order Decapoda are mostly gonochoric. Mating behavior: Precopulatory courtship ritual is common (through olfactory and tactile cues); usually indirect sperm transfer (Ref. 833). Spawning occurred throughout the year with peak in September (Ref. 94179).
3.63 cm 9.8 cm (male) 11.3 (Female)
3.5 cm dioecism. bearers
External
brooders
2.00 based on individual food items
Parapenaeopsis sculptilis
➢ Minimum depth from Ref. 107878. Juveniles are found in an estuary (Ref. 106922). Inhabits sand, mud, mud flats, mud mixed with shell fragments, fine sloppy alluvial silt, and clean sand with coarse shell and gravel (Ref. 106856). Omnivorous bottom feeder (Ref. 105082). Mating behavior: Precopulatory courtship ritual is common (through olfactory and tactile cues); usually indirect sperm transfer (Ref. 833).
n/a 17.0 cm 7.8 cm dioecism.
bearers
External brooders
3.10 s.e 0.35 From individual food items
Metapenaeus tenuipes
➢ Members of the order Decapoda are mostly gonochoric. Mating behavior: Precopulatory courtship ritual is common (through olfactory and tactile cues); usually indirect sperm transfer (Ref. 833).
n/a 9.7 cm n/a dioecism. bearers
External
brooders
n/a
Metapenaeus brevicornis
➢ Members of the order Decapoda are mostly gonochoric. Mating behavior: Precopulatory courtship ritual is common (through olfactory and tactile cues); usually indirect sperm transfer (Ref. 833).
13.3 cm 15.2cm n/a dioecism. bearers
External
brooders
n/a
http://www.fao.org/fishery/culturedspecies/
5.2. Secondary Species Secondary species contain fish that does not manage according to reference point including birds, mammals, reptile, and amphibian (all species outside the scope of MSC standard) and is not ETP species. This type species in several cases is often utilized for bait or vessel crew/fishers consumption and others. It is also often became bycatch that is undesirable but cannot be avoided. Remembering this species status often does not manage, therefore there is a possibility that there is no regulation using reference point from biomass or mortality rate of fishing (fishing mortality), nevertheless the limit of available data is also occurred.
Table 11: Secondary Species Name
Popular Name : Blue swimming crab
Indonesian Name : Rajungan
Scientific Name : Portunus pelagicus
Popular Name : Indian Mackerel
Indonesian Name : Ikan Kembung
Scientific Name : Rastrelliger kanagurta
http://www.fao.org/fishery/culturedspecies/
Table 12: Biological Characteristics of Secondary species
Scientific Name
General Characteristics Mean Length (cm)
Maximum Length (cm)
Adult Length (cm)
Reproduction Strategy
Trophic level
Portunus pelagicus
➢ Carapace rough to granulose, regions discernible; front with 4 acutely triangular teeth; 9 teeth on each anterolateral margin, the last tooth 2 to 4 times larger than preceding teeth. Chelae elongate in males; larger chela with conical tooth at base of fingers; pollex ridged. Color: males with blue markings, females dull green.
➢ Matures at about 1 year. Collected mainly by artisanal traps, trawls, beach seines, cylindrical wire traps, folding traps, pots, hop nets, drop nets, and sunken crab gill nets. In shallow waters, it is caught using beach seines, rakes, and dab nets. Sold in local markets (fresh or frozen) and for the crab-flesh canning industry. Most widely sold in markets of Southeast Asia, including the Philippines (Ref. 343). Maximum depth from Ref. 801. Immediate subtidal to a depth of 40 m (Ref. 801), on sandy to sandy-muddy substrates in areas near reefs, mangroves, and sea grass and algal beds (Ref. 343). Juveniles tend to occur in shallow intertidal areas (Ref. 343). Burrows in sand when disturbed; carnivorous and voracious predator (Ref. 801). Host to protozoans, helminths and crustaceans (Ref. 104981). Members of the order Decapoda are mostly gonochoric. Mating behavior: Precopulatory courtship ritual is common (through olfactory and tactile cues); usually indirect sperm transfer (Ref. 833). Berried females found throughout the year; abundant from September to March with peaks in September to
9.2 cm (male) 8.5 cm (female)
24 cm 7.9 – 9.0 cm
dioecism. bearers External brooders
2.48 s.e 0.19 From diet composition
December and January (Ref. 99882).
Rastrelliger kanagurta
➢ Adults occur in coastal bays, harbors and deep lagoons, usually in some turbid plankton-rich waters. Form schools. Feed on phytoplankton (diatoms) and small zooplankton (cladocerans, ostracods, larval polychaetes, etc.) (Ref. 9684). Small groups were seen eating eggs of Cheilio inermis straight after spawning (Ref. 48637). Adult individuals feed on macroplankton such as larval shrimps and fish. Eggs and larvae are pelagic (Ref. 6769). Generally marketed fresh, frozen, canned, dried-salted, and smoked; also made into fish sauce (Ref. 9684).
25 cm 42.1 cm (TL) 20 24.5 cm
Dioecism. Batch spawner
3.19 s.e 0.38 From individual food items
http://www.fao.org/fishery/culturedspecies/
5.3. Protected and Threatened Species There is no information about the interaction with ETP species. However, there is a bycatch from catch that is Horse shoe crab in every capturing activity using trammel net.
Tabel 13: Informasi mengenai spesies ETP dan penanganannya
Spesies Capture Frequency Handling
Horse shoe crab Rarely Release back to the sea
5.4. Fisheries Activities Effect on Sea Floor Habitat Prawn fisheries operation in sand and muddy area does not have any negative impact for the prawn habitat
itself which is the bottom of the sea. In fishers opinion, trammel net is often trapped with other fishers
nets that operated close together, these nets is always lifted up. There are no trammel nets is left behind
which might create a ghost fishing. Fishers often only float on the sea not anchored during trammel net
operation.
5.5. Effect on Food Web (Trophic Effect) Prawn has trophic level around 2,5 – 3 and included into omnivore which consumed relative balance plant
and animal. This prawn group is consisted of udang dogol, udang putih, udang kuning and udang wangkang.
6. Fisheries Management
6.1. Fisheries Management Agency Fisheries management in national is controlled by Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, however UU
(regulation) No. 31 / 2004 and revised through UU (regulation) No. 45 / 2009 stated that for vessel size
below 5 GT does not have to record and freely captured fishes in every sea in Indonesia. Nevertheless, it is
recommended to register vessel size 5GT to village office, regency, and province.
Moreover, UU (regulation) No.23 / 2014 about Local Government, is already regulated about the authority
for resource management including marine and fisheries resource at regional level. Where it is contained
that provincial government has a role as marine are management up to 12 mil outside oil and gas, it is
including affairs in captured fisheries, aquaculture, and marine and fisheries resource monitoring in 12 mil
of sea area.
6.2. Fisheries Management Strategy in General Fisheries management is regulated by UU (regulation) No. 31 / 2004 and revised by UU (regulation) No.
45/2009 stated that Minister’s task are to provide regulations about resource potential and harvest
strategy; to define permitted catch; type, number and size of fishing gear; capturing season and harvest
strategy closure; size and minimum weight of the permitted captured species; protected fisheries;
protected species. Regulation that nowadays is established is not existed and not yet fulfilled for coral reef
fisheries management using hand line and troll and line, because this fishing gear is considered a less
impact to the ecosystem.
6.3. Fisheries Management in Specific Fisheries management planning in specific for prawn fisheries using trammel net is not yet produced
specifically by MMAF (Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries). Nevertheless there is a regulation about
trawl and purse seine usage ban in FMA RI (Indonesian Fisheries Management Area), poured in PERMEN
KP (Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Regulation) No. 2 / 2015.
Now, there is no regulation about harvest strategy area zonation in sea area of Kotabaru. Therefore it is
highly required a regulation to establish Kotabaru sea area as a conservation area. Moreover, it is also
required to create a fisheries management at regional level that regulate about prawn fisheries activities.
Therefore, prawn capturing activities in Kotabaru will managed in a good way.
Furthermore, there is KEPMEN KP (Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Decree) No. 80 / 2016 about
Fisheries Management Planning in FMA (Fisheries Management Area) 713, where Kotabaru sea area, South
Kalimantan is included in this area. In this KEPMEN KP (Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Decree) No.
80 / 2016, it is explained about Fisheries Management at FMA (Fisheries Management Area) 713 and the
guideline for provincial government or regency government to adopt and to establish fisheries
management at regional level.
6.4. Fisheries Subsidy Fisheries activities of prawn fishers in Kotabaru regency is already supported by several involved
institutions, but is not yet full-coverage. Nowadays, fisheries subsidy is implementated in Kotabaru will
include sustainability fisheries principals.
7. Preliminary Fisheries Assessment on MSC Principal and Criteria
7.1. Principal 1. Fisheries Stock Sustainability No Performance
Indicator Assessment Issues Below (< SG 60) Appropriate
(SG 60-80) Above (> SG 80) References
1.1.1
Stock / resource status X
Stock productivity level is able to be managed in a good way and the possibility of overfishing is relatively small
a) Stock status is relative to the disturbance on recruitment
Based on KEPMEN (Ministerial Decree) No. 45 / 2011, demersal fish stock status in general is in over exploited condition. However stock status in specific for prawn species is not yet assessed.
b) Stock status is related on reaching MSY
1.1.2 Stock Recovery X
When the reducing stock has been known, there is a proof of stock recovery strategy that si prepared in specific time period.
a) recovery time period A time period strategy for
stock recovery of reducing
resource is not available.
Resource stock recovery
evaluation scheme is not
available.
Tools for assessing stock
recovery (RBF) are
available, however the
assessment is not yet
implemented due to the
lack of data.
b) recovery evaluation
1.2.1 Harvest Strategy X Permen (Ministerial
Regulation) No. 29 / 2012
about Fisheries
Management Planning
Preparation Guideline in
Capturing Fishes
KEPMEN KP (Ministry of
Marine Affairs and
Fisheries Decree) No. 80 /
2016 about Fisheries
Management Planning in
FMA (Fisheries
Management Area) 713.
A firm Capturing Strategy is available
a) Capturing strategy design
Nowadays, the harvest strategy at the location is not available. However, the government is already released a regulation about the fisheries management strategy establishment that regulate also on fisheries harvest strategy in general (Ministerial Regulation No. 29 / 2012). The available management is based on MPA that is located in several locations that has been proved in a good way, nowadays monitoring mechanism and monitoring is conducted not in a good way by management authority. Management strategy for maintaining resource sustainability is recommended to cover (i) non-captured area that is including the spawning location, growing area, and finding small fish area (ii) co-management for
b) Capturing strategy evaluation
c) Capturing strategy monitoring
d) Capturing strategy review
resource management, monitoring, surveillance, and the action of regulation violation. If this mechanism is conducted, the resource is certainly maintained in a good way. A fisheries management planning at FMA (Fisheries Management Area), such as KEPMEN KP (Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Decree) No. 80 / 2016 about the fisheries management planning at FMA (Fisheries Management Area) 713. This planning is contained a guideline to the regional government to create a fisheries management at regional level that is include in FMA (Fisheries Management Area) 713. Because the harvest strategy is not available, then monitoring strategy, evaluation, and review are not yet available at where the harvest strategy is conducted. In Permen (Government Regulation) No. 29 / 2012, regulates a monitoring mechanism, evaluation, and review on harvest strategy. For regional level, a
strategy about capturing in
specific is available where
it is a regulation about fish
capturing activities at
regional level. However, it
is only regulated about
fishing gear that is allow to
operate at regional level.
1.2.2 Capturing Aid and Regulation X
There is an effective harvest regulation (HCR)
a) Harvest regulation (HCR) and its implementation
The PERDA (Regional Regulation) about harvest regulation (HCR) and tools that implement this regulation is not available.
b) a firmness harvest regulation (HCR) in the uncertainities
c) Harvest regulation (HCR) evaluation
1.2.3 Information / monitoring X
Information relates to collect for supporting harvest strategy
a) Information range A relevant information
about stock status, stock
productivity, and existed
vessel composition for
supporting harvest
strategy is not yet
available.
Information about stock
abundance and monitoring
fisheries migration and at
least one of the indicators
is available and is
monitored enough
b) Monitoring
c)information completeness
frequently for supporting
harvest control is not yet
available.
A comprehensive scientific assessment on several species about stock unit of prawn especially in Kotabaru sea area and its surrounding is not yet available.
1.2.4 Stock Status Assessment X
There is an adequate assessment about stock status
a) the eligibility of stock status that is assessed
There is not yet enough
available information
about prawn stock at
Kotabaru sea area and
surrounding, so the
assessment approach
activity is cannot yet be
considered.
Assessment activity for
evaluation is cannot be
considered because does
not have information
relates to prawn stock
status in Kotabaru sea
area, especially at the
fishing ground of Kotabaru
fishers.
Assessment activity for
prediction is cannot be
considered because does
not have information
b) assessment approach
c) the uncertainities on assessment
d) assessment evalution
e) assessment result review
relates to prawn stock
status in Kotabaru se area,
especially at the fishing
ground of Kotabaru fishers.
Assessment activity for
peer review is cannot be
considered because does
not have information
relates to prawn stock
status in Kotabaru sea
area, especially at the
fishing ground of Kotabaru
fishers.
7.2. Principal 2. Fisheries Practice Effect on Ecosystem No Performance
Indicator Assessment Issues Below
(< SG 60) Appropriate (SG 60-80)
Above (> SG 80)
References
2.1.1 Primary species yield status X
Fisheries unit, is keep
maintained primary species
at the above of point where
the recruitment might be
interrupted (PRI) and does
not prevent the recovery of
primary species if it is on
below PRI
a) main primary species stock status
Information about stock
status for primary species
is not yet available, so
regulation that ensures a
recovery mechanism is
occurred if this species
suffers overexploitation is
not available.
Information about stock
status for primary species
is not yet available, so
regulation action for
ensuring this species does
b) Minor primary species stock status
not suffer overexploitation
is not yet available.
There are still found a small
size primary species that
are captured during
capturing operation using
trammel net with mesh
size 10.
Assessment is not yet
conducted on the usage of
mesh size 10 effect to the
size of primary catches.
It is required to assess
using Risk Based
Framework (RBF)
mechanism for primary
catches status using a
handline with mesh size 5
inc and 1.6 inc.
2.1.2 Primary species management strategy X
There is a strategy or
specific management
system that is established
for maintaining or not
disturbing on stock
recovery process, and the
a) the availability of management strategy
There are not yet available
of management strategy,
management strategy
evaluation, and
management strategy
implementation for
b) management strategy evaluation
unit is assessed regularly, is
reviewed, and is
implemented its
management action such
as minimalizing the
mortality rate of bycatch.
c) management strategy implementation
primary species because
the management strategy
is not yet available.
2.1.3 Information X
An adequate information
covers about
characteristics and status
of non-target species for
deciding risk that might
occurs by fisheries activity
and ensuring utilized
strategy is effective on
primary species
management.
a) the availability of information to assess an effect of main species
It is not yet available an
effective information
about characteristics and
status of non-target as a
part of strategy using
trammel net with mesh
size 5 inch and 1.6 inch.
There are still found non-
target species in small size
that are captured during
capturing operation of
primary species using
trammel net with mesh
size 5 inch and 1.6 inch.
The assessment is not yet
available about the effect
of mesh size 5 inch and 1.6
inch on non-target species
during trammel net
operation.
The assessment is not yet
available about the effect
of mesh size 5 inch and 1.6
inch usage on non-target
b) the availability of information to assess an effect of minor species
species during trammel net
operation.
It is required to assess
using Risk Based
Framework (RBF) for non-
target catch status using
trammel net with mesh
size 5 inch and 1.6 inch.
2.2.1 Secondary species yield status X
Fisheries unit, keeps
maintain primary species at
above biological limit and
does not disturb the
recovery of primary species
if it is at below biological
limit.
a) Main secondary species stock status
Information is not yet
available about stock
status for secondary
species, so the regulation is
not yet available for
ensuring the recovery
mechanism is occurred if
this species suffers
overexploitation.
Information is not yet
available about stock
status for secondary
species, so the regulation
action is not yet available
that ensures this species
does not suffer
overexploitation.
There are small size
secondary species that are
captured during capturing
operation using trammel
b) Minor secondary species stock status
net with mesh size 5 inch
and 1.6 inch.
Information is not yet
available about the effect
of mesh size 5 inch and 1.6
inch on secondary species
size of catch.
It is required to assess
using Risk Based
Framework (RBF)
mechanism for catch
status of secondary species
using handline with mesh
size 5 inch and 1.6 inch.
2.2.2 Secondary species management strategy X
There is a management
strategy or system in
specific that is established
for maintaining or does not
disturb the stock recovery
process, and the assessed
unit regularly is reviewed
and is implemented
management action such
as minimalize the mortality
rate of bycatch.
a) the availability of management strategy
There are not yet a
management strategy,
management strategy
evaluation, and
management strategy
implementation for
secondary species are
available, because its
management strategy is
not yet available.
b) Management strategy evaluation
c) Management strategy implementation
2.2.3 Information x
An adequate information
about characteristics and
status of non-target species
a) The availability of information for assessing the effect of main species
An effective information
about the characteristics
and status of non-target
for deciding risk that is
occurred by fisheries
activities and ensuring the
effectivity of utilized
strategy on secondary
species management.
b) The availability of information for assessing the effect of minor species
species as part of utilized
strategy on secondary
species management.
There are still found small
size non-target species
that are captured during
operation using trammel
net.
Information is not
available about the effect
of mesh size 5 inch and 1.6
inch usage on non-target
species during trammel net
operation.
It is required to assess
using Risk Based
Framework (RBF)
mechanism for non-target
catch status using trammel
net with mesh size 5 inch
and 1.6 inch.
2.3.1 Yield status of Endangered, Threatened, and Protected (ETP) species
X
PERMEN (Ministerial
Regulation) No. 30 / 2012
about Captured Fisheries
Industry at FMAN RI
(Indonesian Fisheries
Management Area) clause
73.
KEP. DIRJEN (Decree from
General Director of
Ministry) of Natural
Resource and Ecosystem
Conservation department
No: SK. 180/IV-KKH/2015
about Stipulation of 25
priority endangered
animals for increasing the
population up to 10% in
2015 – 2019.
Fisheries unit, obey the local, regional, and international regulation about ETP species protection
a) Effect from fisheries unit in population / stock at national or international scale which is implemented
There is an information about capturing and harvest strategy of ETP species
b) direct effect
c) indirect effect
2.3.2 ETP species management strategy
x PERMEN (Ministerial
Regulation) No. 30 / 2012
about Captured Fisheries
Industry at FMAN RI
(Indonesian Fisheries
Management Area) clause
73.
KEP. DIRJEN (Decree from General Director of Ministry) of Natural Resource and Ecosystem Conservation department No: SK. 180/IV-KKH/2015 about Stipulation of 25 priority endangered animals for increasing the population up to 10% in 2015 – 2019.
Fisheries have prevention
actions for:
-fulfilling the requirement
which is implemented at
national and international
scales.
-ensuring fisheries
activities does not induce a
serious risk or damage
permanently on ETP
species.
-the availability of a specific
management strategy or
system that is established
to maintain or does not
disturb stock recovery
process, and assessed unit
regularly is reviewed and
implemented the
management action, such
as minimalizing the
mortality rate of catch.
a) a management strategy is available (national and international)
There is a regulation
relates to ETP species
management strategy.
Nowadays, Indonesia
conducts a management
strategy includes napoleon
into CITES Appendix II that
ensures harvest strategy
on this species is restricted
by limit quota.
This species quota and
delivery strategy is only
through 2 biggest airports
in Indonesia (Jakarta and
Bali), it is proven to be
minimalized the napoleon
fish harvest strategy.
Communication which is
conducted by Sasanti
Suharti (LIPI (Indonesian
Academy of Sciences) 2013
Pers. Comm.) stated that in
several LIPI monitoring
locations, the amount of
napoleon fish stock was
increasing up to 2 times.
Ministerial Regulation
relates ETP management
strategy possesses a legal
force, therefore it can be
used to force fishers to
obey this regulation.
-
b) a management strategy is available (alternative)
c) management strategy evaluation
d) management strategy implementation
e) reviewing on alternative management action for minimalizing the mortality rate on ETP species
The establishment of KEP.
DIRJEN (Decree from
General Director of
Ministry) of Natural
Resource and Ecosystem
Conservation department,
the ministry of
environment and forestry
is targeted the increasing
population of endangered
animals in 2015 – 2019
which is also including sea
turtle.
2.3.3 Information X
Several information related
are collected for supporting
management strategy of
capturing activity of ETP
species impact, a.l.:
-information supports
management strategy
development;
-information for assessing
management strategy
effectivity; and
information for deciding
ETP species yield status.
a) the availability of information for effect assessment
A qualitative information is
not available for predicting
mortality rate of ETP
species from Prawn
capture practice.
An adequate information is
not available relates to
prawn capture practice on
ETP species.
An adequate information is
not available relates to
management strategy of
ETP species.
b) the availability of information for management strategy
2.4.1 Status habitat X (Rusmilyansari, 2012)
Fisheries activities are not
induced a serious danger or
a) Commonly encountered habitat status
According to the available
references, prawn
damaged permanently on
habitat structure based on
regional and bioregional
base and function.
b) VME habitat Status
capturing fisheries using
trammel net have a small
impact on sand and muddy
ecosystem, so trammel net
fisheries can be
categorized into eco-
friendly fisheries.
However, the mesh size
shall be payed attention to,
because it might has an
effect on ecosystem.
c) Minor habitat Status
d) Effect of increasing activities from assessed fisheries
2.4.2 Habitat Management Strategy x UU RI (Indonesian regulation) No. 27 / 2007 about coastal area and small islands.
The strategy is established
for ensuring fisheries
activities does not induced
a serious danger or
damaged permanently on
varieties type of habitat is
available.
a) the availability of management strategy
a management strategy is available (UU (regulation) No. 27 / 2007) for ensuring the habitat is in good condition
b) management strategy evaluation
c) management strategy is implemented
d) Obey on other management requirement, in assessed fisheries area and outside of it.
2.4.3 Information X
a) information quality The information relates to
The availability information
for deciding the risk that is
induced by capture
activities on varieties type
of habitat and ensures the
strategy effectivity in
managing effect of those
habitats.
b) the availability information for effect assessing on habitat
prawn habitat in Kotabaru is not yet available
c) monitoring
2.5.1 Ecosystem Status X
The increasing fisheries
activities do not induced a
serious danger or damaged
permanently on main
elements from ecosystem
structure and function.
a) ecosystem status
Information about
ecosystem status in
Kotabaru is not yet
available.
An adequate information is
not available relates to
effect of prawn capture
using fishing rod does not
disturb main elements
bases on ecosystem
structure and function in
point where it will induce a
serious danger or cannot
be fixed.
b) Effect on increasing activities occurence
2.5.2 Ecosystem management strategy X PP (Governmental
regulation) No. 60 / 2007
about Fish resource
conservation
There are specific actions
for ensuring that fisheries
activities do not induced a
serious danger or damaged
a) management strategy is available
There is a regulation that
states ecosystem
protection can be
conducted if prawn
capture activities have
b) management strategy evaluation
c) management strategy implementation
permanently on ecosystem
structure and function.
d) management during the increasing activities
potential disturb the
ecosystem function.
Management strategy
design considers the
importance of
management action that
calculates the capture
activities effect on
ecosystem.
Management action when
it is implemented
correlates to PP
(Governmental
Regulation) No. 60 / 2007
can maintain ecosystem
sustainability.
There are still found prawn
capture activities that is
not yet in a proper size for
using trammel net, so it
will be affected to
ecosystem function.
2.5.3 Ecosystem information / monitoring X
There are adequate informations about impacts of the increasing fisheries activity on ecosystem
a) Information quality The availability of
ecosystem data is not yet
enough to provide
information about trophic
structure and function,
community composition,
b) investigation on fisheries effect relates to ecosystem
c) understanding of function component
d) a relevant information ecosystem biodiversity and
productivity pattern.
The effect of prawn
capture activities on not
yet assessed ecosystem
elements.
Understanding on
ecosystem composition
function is not yet known.
Information relevancy on
ecosystem component and
element is not yet known.
Surveillance is not yet
enough to understand risk
level of fisheries activities
on ecosystem.
e) surveillance
7.3. Principal 3. Fisheries Management Effectivity No Performance
Indicator Assessment Issues Below
(< SG 60) Appropriate (SG 60-80)
Above (> SG 80)
References
3.1.1 Legal framework or other usual used framework for regulation and policy
X UU (regulation) No. 27 /
2007 about coastal area
and small islands
management
PP (Governmental
Regulation) No. 60 / 2007
about fish resource
conservation
UU (regulation) No. 31 /
2004 about fisheries
The existed management
strategy is effective and
suitable with legal
framework or other usual
utilized framework for
ensuring that the
management system is:
- Able to conduct a
sustainable fisheries and
fulfil the requirement
mentioned in Marine
Stewardship Council / MSC
principal 1 and 2.
- obeyed legal rights that is
established explicitly or
induced because the
community habit which is
depend on fisheries sector
(consumption and
income); also
Formulated the right
problem settlement
mechanism.
a) the compability of existed regulation with implemented management
Ministry of Marine affairs
and Fisheries manages the
fisheries possess >30GT
vessel and the capture area
is between 12-200mil.
Operation area up to 4 mil
and using vessel below 5GT
for coral reef fishes
capture is managed by DKP
(Local Fisheries Offices)
Regency. This shall be
considered because there
is not yet available of
management planning for
coral reef fisheries
correlates to UU
(regulation) No. 31 / 2004,
even though nowadays the
coral reef fisheries
management strategy
establishment is on
progress.
b) Case settlement (dispute)
c) appreciation on rights
3.1.2 Consultation, role, and responsibility in Regulation and policy
X
Management system has
an effective consultation
process and is open for
a) role and responsibility
The involved organization
and individual in
management process have
been settled. Function,
b) consultation process
interested and involved
parties.
Job and responsibility
every individual and
organization involved in
management process that
is clear and easy to
understand by involved
parties.
c) participation role, and responsibility
explicitly have defined and
understood for main
sector of responsibility and
interaction.
There is not yet available
information relates to
management system
covers consultation
process that searches and
receives a relevant
information, including
local knowledge.
There is not yet available
information relates to
consultation process that
provide opportunity for all
involved and affected
parties.
3.1.3 A long-term goal in Regulation and policy X UU (regulation) No. 31 / 2004 about fisheries and revised by UU (regulation) No. 45 / 2009.
The management policy contains a long-term goal that
is clear and consistent with principal and criteria MSC
also correlates to circumspection approach as a
guideline in decision-making process.
The availability of
information and regulation
from government that
regulates the sustainability
of species, ecosystem,
habitat, and long-term
strategic planning to
manage these matters.
3.2.1 Aim of fisheries in specific X
Fisheries has a clear goal which is produced specifically in accomplishing the results relates to principal 1 and 2 MSC.
There is not yet
information about a short-
term and a long-term goal
that is consistent in
accomplishing results
correlates to MSC principal
1 and 2 of prawn fisheries
practices in specific in
Kotabaru sea area and its
surroundings.
3.2.2 Decision- making process X
. Specific fisheries Management system is also involved in effective decision-making process about actions and strategies for accomplishing the goal,
a) decision-making process
There is not yet available of
process mechanism that is
created for decision-
making to establish action
and strategy for
accomplishing specific
fisheries goal.
There is not yet available of
decision-making process
mechanism that reviews
on serious issues and is
identified in relevant
research, monitoring,
evaluation and
consultation, in right way,
adaptive, transparent, and
considers a wide
implementation.
There is not yet established
of decision-making process
using the circumspection
b) Response on decision-making process
c) circumspection principal implementation
d) accountability and transparency of management mechanism during decision-making process when the dispute is occured
(e) approach during dispute
approach and bases on
best information that is
available.
There is not yet available of
fisheries performance and
available management
action bases on demand,
and the explanation has
given for every action or
the lack of action relates to
a relevant discovering and
recommendation occurs
from research, monitoring,
and evaluation of the
action.
There is not yet available of
a management system that
tries to fulfil on time of
court decision that is
occurred from legal
challenge.
3.2.3 The regulation compability and implementaation
X
Monitoring, control, and
surveillance mechanisms
ensure that fisheries
management actions are
conducted and suitable
with the regulation.
a) Monitoring, control, and surveillance (MCS) implementation
There is not yet available of monitoring and surveillance mechanism is established in Kotabaru.
b) sanction
c) obedience
d) disobedience systematic
3.2.4 Monitoring and evaluation of management implementation
X
There is a system to
monitor and evaluate on
specific fisheries
management system
implementation.
The specific fisheries
management system is
discussed effectively and
on time.
a) evaluation scope There is not yet available
information relates to
fisheries mechanism that
evaluates the important
part of management
system.
There is not yet available of
specific fisheries
management system that
obeys on internal and
external review which is
conducted regularly.
b) internal and or external review
8. Conclusion and Reccomendation MSC ecolabel certification requires a fishery that will be certified has to fulfil the requirement appropriate to 3
principals; sustainable fish stock, minimizing environmental impact and effectibe management. The
appropriateness assessment for prawn fishers that is conducted in Kotabaru in general indicates some
conditions such as the lack of data of prawn stock status and regulation about fisheries management
implementation.
The commitment of WWF with PT. Sekar Laut for conducting resource sustainability activity is already good.
The lack of data that is required occurs fisheries management to be not yet completed, so it is recommended
the capture practices by part-time fishers have to improve in order to accomplish the sustainability standard
include MSC, as the following table below;
No Conclusion Reccomendation 1 The lack of data relate to prawn stock
status in Kotabaru Conducting an assessment relates to prawn stock in Kotabaru, South Kalimantan
2 There are still found the usage of mini trawl during prawn harvesting in Kotabaru
To not buy shrimp caught using trawl (Following up the policy of PERMEN KP No. 2 Year 2015)
3 There is not yet a fishers group that becomes main supplier of PT. Sekar Laut
Establishing a fishers group that becomes main supplier of PT. Sekar Laut
4 Logbook recording of Catch is not yet conducted.
Conducting socialization relates to the logbook, so the fishers can record it.
5 There is not yet a fisheries management at regional level that regulates about a steady harvest quota and a prawn capture sustainability.
Encouraging the local government for releasing a regulation about prawn quota with Harvest Strategy assessment and Harvest Control Rule.
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