preparing the industry for plant decommissioning a global context · 2018. 3. 1. ·...
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© 2018 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Richard D Reid, PhDTechnical Executive
Roundtable: Supporting European Expertise in Nuclear Decommissioning
23 January 2018
Preparing the Industry for Plant
DecommissioningA Global Context
2© 2018 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Together…Shaping the Future of Electricity
EPRI’s MissionAdvancing safe, reliable, affordable and environmentally responsible electricity for society through global collaboration, thought leadership and science & technology innovation
Independent, Collaborative, Nonprofit
3© 2018 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
EDF–France
ENRESA–Spain
Southern CaliforniaEdison, Pacific Gas
and Electric, FirstEnergy,Exelon–U.S.
TaiPower–Taiwan
KHNP–S. Korea
Chubu, Shikoku,TEPCO, Kyushu –Japan
Decommissioning Technology Program Membership
4© 2018 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Decommissioning in a Global Industry Context
Some facts:– Currently, 111 plants have been
permanently shutdown, and only 13 have completed decommissioning
– It is estimated that about 13 plants per year will shut down during each of the next ten years
– The cost to decommission a plant has ranged from $350M to $1B, with an average of $600M (2017 dollars)
Just considering the next ten years, decommissioning represents a global industry commitment of $137B or more
Global Plant Shutdown Outlook
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Issue Statement
Decommissioning must be viewed as an industry issueCosts must be well managed to support industry viability
– Decommissioning is part of the overall life cycle cost for a plant – Actual costs affect required decommissioning funding set-asides for
operating plantsUtilities, Regulators, Service Providers and Research
Organizations all have a roll in controlling decommissioning costs
In 2015, EPRI Designated Decommissioning as a Strategic Focus Area
6© 2018 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Decommissioning Research and Development Drivers
Technologies exist for successful decommissioningOverall cost driven by period
dependent costs (“hotel load”)Technology improvements
needed to shorten duration– Cost of staffing during
decommissioning: $25M per year or more
– Other period dependent costs: $2M per year or more
23.6
19.043.5
13.9
U.S. Cost Categories as Percentage of Total Costs
Dismantlement
Waste
Staffing
Other
EPRI Report: Decommissioning Experiences and Lessons Learned: Decommissioning Costs (#1023025, 2011)
Expeditious Completion is Key to Cost Control
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What Can We Do?
• Technology implementation
• Qualified and experienced resources
• Guidance and regulations for all phases
• Workable waste management requirements
• Guidance• Technology• OpEx and
Lessons Learned
• Collaboration
• Planning• Record keeping• Regulatory
engagement
Utilities R&D Community
Service ProvidersRegulators
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Application of Advanced Technologies
Evaluation of System Automation and Robotics for Decommissioning Applications, 3002010599– Systematic evaluation of more
than 50 decommissioning tasks– Report is available to the public at
no costResults have informed areas
for focused technology development Automated Robotic Laser System for
Container Segmentation at Hinkley Point A
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Automation of Reactor Vessel Internals Segmentation
2017 - Development of conceptual design for a coordinated semiautonomous system for reactor internals segmentation– Cutting tools– Delivery systems– Manipulating tools– Support equipment– Control system
2018 and 2019: Working with industrial partners to fabricate, test and demonstrate system
RVI Segmentation and Packaging at Jose Cabrera
10© 2018 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Radiological Characterization
UAVs (“drones”) may be used to deploy radiation detection equipment to difficult-to-reach/inaccessible areasSeveral organizations are
pursuing this approachCurrent Practices
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Automation of Site Characterization
Very large structures and land areas must be survey multiple times for characterization, remediation planning/verification and eventual site release
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Enhanced Techniques for Concrete Decontamination
Development of improved techniques for decontamination of concrete– Potential enhancement include improvements
in efficiency, waste management, industrial safety, and worker radiation exposure
Adaption of existing techniques to improve efficiency through automation and/or altering the delivery systemsField demonstration of technologies
currently in the engineering development stage, such as nitrogen blasting and laser scabbling
13© 2018 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Current EPRI Collaboration
Members of newly-established global decommissioning R&D collaborative SHAREParticipant in
decommissioning working groups led by the IAEA, NEI and the OECD/NEAActive collaboration with the
US DOE
DOE = Department of Energy
NEA/OECD = Nuclear Energy Agency of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
IAEA = International Atomic Energy Administration
NEI = Nuclear Energy Institute
14© 2018 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Summary
The number of plants entering the decommissioning phase of the plant lifecycle is increasingActions are required by all stakeholders to safely and
cost-effectively manage this challengeDecommissioning R&D should be:
– Coordinated amongst global R&D community– Performed collaboratively– Focus on technology improvements that shorten the overall
project schedule
15© 2018 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Together…Shaping the Future of Electricity
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