present perfect tense the autumn has already arrived how do you know?

Present Perfect Tense

The autumn has already arrived

How do you know?

Present Perfect TenseFORM: have / has + past participle

Affirmative: I have seen the film before. She has seen the film before.

Interrogative: Have you seen the film before? Has she seen the film before?

Negative: They haven’t seen the film before. He hasn’t seen the film before.

1- Recent events: It is used to describe recent events without a

definite time. The idea of time or place in the speaker’s mind makes the event recent. A time expression may emphasize recentness: just, recently, lately

Present Perfect TenseUses of the present perfect

Why are they so happy?

They have just won a prize so they are really pleased

Present Perfect Tense

2- Personal experiences: It is used to express personal experiences, there is no definite time given. The time expressions ever and never are very often used with this meaning.

I have never been to Japan.

Have you ever been there?

Present Perfect Tense3 – Duration: It is used to express actions that started in the

past and continue to the present, the time period is not finished. We use for and since with this meaning. We use for with periods of time and since with points of time.

I haven’t eaten since yesterday morning. I am really hungry

I haven’t drunk anything for two days. I am terribly thirsty

Present Perfect Tense4 – Resultive: It is used to talk about actions or events that

have results in the present, no specific time is given

Eh John, you’ve had a haircut.

Yeah, I went to the barber’s last week.

You’ve painted the house, Jane.Well, we painted it last year but you haven’t visited us for ages!

Contrast between Present Perfect and Past Simple

We use definite expressions with the Past simple tense:yesterday, last week, … ago etc, while we don’t use definite time expressions with the Present Perfect tense.

Peter: I have been to France three times Jane: When did you go there last? Peter: I went there last Summer

Gerald has bought a new car. He bought it last week.

Have you met Ray? – Yes, I met him when we were students.

My parents have been to India. In fact, they went there twice last year.

Has anybody phoned me? – Yes, Joyce phoned an hour ago.

I’ve seen that man before. – Really? When did you see him?

Contrast between Present Perfect and Past Simple

Note the difference• He has been to London. He

has returned and now he is here. He can tell you wonderful stories about London.

• He has been in London for two weeks. He is still in London.

• Where’s Peter? He has gone to London. He is travelling on to London.

What’s happened?