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UNINTEGRAUNIVERSITY LEADING FULL AND STEPWISE APPROACH TO

THE INTEGRATION OF REFUGEES

TRAINING OF SOCIAL AGENTS FOR THE INTEGRATION OF REFUGEES

Santiago de Compostela, 16th to 20th July 2018

BLOCK I: LAWModules I and II

Lía Álvarez Fouz and Xabier Rodríguez Orosa

MODULE I: Fundamentals of law and basic tools of the International

Refugee Protection System

What is International Protection?The right to protection of people who havehad to leave their countries of origin fornon-economic reasons.“It is the one granted by a third country, toguarantee the protection of their basicrights and their physical security when thecountry of origin has been unable or doesnot show its disposition to protect suchrights.”

The Geneva Refugee Convention in 1951.

➢ It recognizes the right of persons to seekasylum from persecution in othercountries. A refugee may enjoy rightsand benefits in a state in addition tothose provided for in the Convention.

➢ The principle of non-refoulement

The New York Protocol of 1967

Modification of temporal and geographicallimits.

Spanish Law 12/2009, of October 30, regulating the right of asylum and thesubsidiary protection.

Obligation to give asylum.

Figures inside the International Protection?

➢ Refugee Statute➢ Subsidiary Protection Statute➢ Authorization to stay for

humanitarian reasons➢ Status of stateless person➢ Relocation➢ Resettlement

Refugee Statute

A person who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and is unable or, owing to suchfear, is unwilling to avail himself of theprotection of that country; or who, not having a nationality and being outside the country of hisformer habitual residence as a result of suchevents, is unable or, owing to such fear, isunwilling to return to it.

Subsidiary Protection Statute

It is granted when the person requesting isat real risk of serious harm if returning to his/her country of origin.

Authorization to stay forhumanitarian reasons

The permanence of the applicant forinternational protection in Spain may be authorized in the terms provided by currentlegislation on foreign and immigrationmatters.

Status of stateless person

Someone who is not considered as a national by any state under the operation of its law.

Relocation

Transfer of persons requesting internationalprotection from Italy or Greece, and fromthe following nationalities: Syria, Central African Republic, Eritrea, Iraq.

Resettlement

It consists in the transfer of a refugee fromthe country where he sought protection to a third country that has accepted to admithim and grant him permanent residence.

Other termsMigration

Displacement from one country to another forvarious reasons and over a long period of time (at least one year).

Displaced

That person who has been forced to leave hishome for reasons similar to those of the refugee(armed conflict, generalized violence, violation of human rights, persecution, etc.), but does not crossany international border.

Temporay Reception Plan

Areas: ➢ Social Intervention➢ Temporary Host➢ Economic Aid➢ Employment➢ Psychological Care➢ Legal Assistence➢ Translation and Interpretation

Temporay Reception PlanPhases (18months*):

1st Phase: Reception centre

6 monthsMax. Prorogation: until 9 months

2nd Phase: Integration aides

6 monthsMax. Prorogation: Until 12 months

3th Phase: Sporadic integration aides

6 monthsMax. Prorogation: Until 18 months

*Possibility of prorogation depending vulnarability

MODULE II: Procedures for grantinginternational protection

ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDUREApplication in Spanish territory or border post or

immigrant detention center. Admission or inadmission to processing of the application.

➢ Right to submit the request➢ Presentation of the request➢ Rights of applicants➢ Obligations of applicants

ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURERight to submit the request

The application will be formalized through a personal interview in which a form will be filled out.

ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDUREPresentation of the request

Maximum period of 1 month to submit theapplication from the entry into Spanish territory orfrom the occurrence of events that justify the well-founded fear of persecution or serious damage.

ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDUREStudy of the application submitted by the Asylum and

Refugee Office (MINISTERIO DEL INTERIOR) and issuance of the resolution proposal.

➢ Border Procedure➢ Procedure in Territory➢ Asylum Procedure

ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDUREBorder Procedure

✓ Denial✓ Inadmissibility✓ Admission

ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDUREProcedure in Territory

✓ Inadmissibility✓ Admission.

ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDUREInadmission reasons

✓ Due to lack of competence for the examination of applications when it does not correspond to Spain its examination in accordance with the Regulation (CE) 343/2003.

✓ Due to lack of requirements:❖ when the applicant is recognized as a refugee and has the right to

reside or obtain effective international protection in a third State❖ when the applicant comes from a safe third country❖ when the applicant has reiterated an application already denied in

Spain provided that no new relevant circumstances arise regarding the particular conditions or the situation of the country of origin or habitual residence of the person concerned

❖ when the applicant is a national of a Member State of the European Union

ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDUREDublin Regulation.

Criteria determination of the responsible MemberState:➢ Familiar in the country➢ Visa/Residence permit➢ Cross by other country

ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURERights of applicants

✓ To be documented as an applicant for internationalprotection.

✓ Free legal aid and interpreter.✓ To have your application communicated to UNHCR.✓ The suspension of any return, expulsion or extradition

process that could affect the applicant.✓ To know the contents of the file at any time.✓ To health care in the exposed conditions.✓ To receive specific social benefits in the terms set forth

in this Law.

ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDUREObligations of applicants

✓ To cooperate with the Spanish authorities.✓ To present, as soon as possible, all those elements that,

together with your own declaration, contribute to substantiate your request.

✓ To provide your fingerprints and allow to be photographed.

✓ To consent to having their statements recorded, providedthey have been previously informed about this last point.

✓ To inform about your home in Spain.✓ To appear before a competent authority when so

required in relation to any circumstance of your request.

ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDUREAsylum Procedure

Admissionprocess

Emergencyprocedure

Ordinaryprocedure

Evaluation

Decision

Resolution

DenyFavorable resolution

RefugeeStatute

Subsidaryprotection

Statute

Humanitarianreasons

ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDUREEffects of the concession

✓ The protection against the return.✓ Access to information about rights and obligations related to the

content of international protection granted.✓ The authorization of residence and permanent work.✓ The issuance of identity and travel documents.✓ Access to public employment services.✓ The access, in the same conditions as the Spanish, to the

continuous or occupational training and work in practices, as well as to the procedures of recognition of diplomas and academic and professional certificates.

✓ The freedom of movement✓ Access to integration programs of a general or specific nature

that are established.

ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDUREEffects of denial

The non-admission to processing or the denial of international protection applications will determine as appropriate:

✓ The mandatory exit from Spanish territory.✓ The transfer to the territory of the State responsible for

examining the asylum application.

All the resolution of the administrative procedure will be susceptible:✓ Appeal for replacement with optional character.✓ Appeal before the contentious-administrative jurisdiction.✓ Extraordinary review resource.

ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDUREDocuments as an asylum seeker and as a refugee.

Beneficiary of subsidiary protection.

➢ Red Card➢ Asylum Resolution➢ Asylum Card / Subsidiary Protection➢ Applicant card of Apátrida➢ Statute of Stateless Persons

ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE

Pending admission

process

Admission process

Refugee Statute/ Subsidary

Protection Statute

International Protection Data.

➢ Applications submitted in EU: 705.705➢ Requests filed in the Spanish State: 31.120➢ Countries of origin applying for International Protection in the

Spanish State in 2017: Venezuela, Syria, Colombia, Ukraine, Argelia, Palestine.

➢ Resolutions Refugee Statute by nationalities: 595➢ Subsidiary Protection Resolusions in the Spanish State in 2017: 4.080➢ Denial resolutions by nationalities in the Spanish State in 2017:

✓ Ukraine: 3.025✓ Venezuela: 1.530✓ Argelia: 1.035

Main Host countries

BLOCK II: HUMANITARIAN, CULTURALAND SOCIAL APPROACH TO THEPROBLEMS OF THE REFUGEES AND TOTHE CONCEPTS OF INTEGRATION ANDINCLUSION

Modules III, IV, V and VIAraceli García del Soto

MODULE III: Programmes, concepts, tools and actos involved

BASIC POINTS FOR THIS FIRST MODULE

• General guidelines of refugee programs

• Expectations, representations and reality

• Ethical considerations

• Greece: case study of Melissa and womenfrom over 7 countries of origin

One year after the closing of “The Balkans Route”…

• http://www.courrierdesbalkans.fr/Les-dernieres-infos-o-refugiesbalkans-la-Hongrie-construit-une-deuxieme

• “To change the order of things”http://pclodc.blogspot.it

• H. Maleno. Human Rights activist

• Open Arms. Saving migrants lives in the sea…

SOME CURRENT FIGURES Profiling…

• Arriving to Greece in 2015: 800,000 refugees and migrants, many of themSyrians and Iraqis, (pop. Greece: 11m.). Afghans since 2012

• ROUTE: Greece, Makedonia, Serbia, Hungary, Austria and Germany… theirdreams also on US and Canada

• 2015-mid 2017: for months around 11,000 camped rough near a railway lineat Idomeni in northern Greece

• An EU-Ankara deal to return refugees and migrants to Turkey has also stalled,with migrants challenging theiir expulsion in the Greek courts and NGOsdenouncing the plan as inhume and ilegal. Since the deal came into force inMarch 2017, only 460 people have been sent back to Turkey.

• 2017- 60,000/72,000 refugees stranded in Greece: in camps, schools,hotels… with different management schemes. Mainland & Islands

• SID, Serbia…• Most refugee children going to greek public schools now, despite the Greek

crisis.• 2017, in the coast Lybia-Italy 2800 deaths + 111 people drawned on the sea way

to Spain (triple than in 2016)• EU countries taken the most people they initially committed to: Germany (30%),

France (23%), Netherlands (41%), Finland (95%), Portugal (50%)…

Critical Approaches to Humanitarian Work

”Humanitarianism is not a tool to end war or to create peace. It is a citizen’s response

to political failure. It is an immediate, short-term act that cannot erase the long-term

necessity of political responsibility.”

James Orbinski, President, MSF International

Nobel Peace Prize Acceptance Speech, 2000

“The ultimate responsibility for human horror lies with those who do, and it is perhaps an

important element of vigilance not to accept horror as a given with which humanitarian action

must deal. The first response should be militancy against it rather than rescue from its consequences”

Fiona Terry (2002).

Condemned to Repeat. The Paradox of Humanitarian Action.

2017/2018:Work and debates by

Fiona Terry, G. Martone, Priscilla Heyner y Dirk Salomons

- Justice, Development & Conflicts”Peace-maker Paradox” Priscilla Hayner´s last book

CASE STUDY

Melissa (Atenas, Grecia)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6eiDH0Y62bA

Description of the Photo-voice work at Melissa in the summer of 2017.

Human Flows/Mareas Humanas. Ai Wei

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IFK1z6Zx9HI

MODULE IV: Recents conflicts fromwhich the refugees flee. Complexconflicts: definition and examples.

Examples of conflicts. Actors, principles and debates in

humanitarian action. MDG (Millenium Development Goals). Basic psychosocial frameworks

• Amartya Sen- the concept of opportunities.

• Paul Farmer. PATHOLOGIES OF POWER. Mountains Beyond Mountains.

• “Partners in Health” Current work in Haiti and Rwanda.

• Statistic measures of inequality. Debate

Sources of basic information

1. Media: IRIN, ReliefWeb, Devex http://reliefweb.int

- PCDN- Peace&Collaborative Develp. Network

2. Biblio: B. Buttho- Reconciliation, E. Said, S. Nair, P. Farmer, D. Rief-A bed for the night

3. Reports: AI, ICG, SGBV WHO o locales

-- DOMESTIC HA Agencies (ej USAID, DFID) -- INTRODUCTION TO PRINCIPLES: Independence, Neutrality, Imparciality....Debate

• Goals:

-- EMERGENCY- to provide immediate relief to alleviate humansuffering and need as well as save lives and protect civiliansin cases of armed conflict.

- RtP- Responsibility to Protect IMPLICATIONS

-- DEVELOPMENT: well-being and sustainability (“to ease humansuffering due to poverty over a long-term period”)

-- COMPLEX CONFLICTS have traits of both. Examples

• Actors and areas of work (shelter, nutrition, water, Sanitation,hygiene, and a more recent focus on governance,environment, etc.)

Emergency, Development & ComplexConflicts

Principles of humanitarian work• Neutrality: avoid to take sides in hostilities or engage at any time in

controversies of a political, racial, religious or ideological nature.

• Impartiality: based on needs alone.

• Independence: Humanitarian agencies must formulate andimplement their own policies independently of government policies or

actions.

• Humanitarian Imperative: “to provide humanitarian assistancewherever it is needed.” TO receive and TO GIVE.

• Others: participation, sustainability, cultural approt. +

-- “Agencies should be ACCOUNTABLE to both donors and beneficiaries”

-- “Agencies should use information activities to portray victims as dignified human beings,not hopeless objects”.

Actors• Intl. Organizations• Local Orgs.: NGOs, CBOs• Media• Military• Businesses• Religious Orgs.• Networks: Intl+Local (GEI Ayotzi)• Evaluators: mixed teams (ICC, Uganda)• Others??

Similarities in conflicts• Duration?• Causes? economic, ideological• Trauma and resiliency go together

▪ Impacts: IDPs, (Internally Displaced Persons)Exile/ DiasporasChild soldiers, Massacres, Missing/Kidnapped

Governments <-> ONGs, Lack of coordination among agencies, Donors Fatigue Complex conflicts

= Donor Accountability in Humanitarian Action:International data bases with guidelines for Emergency-keeping the examples that worked and did not work

http://www.daraint.org/major-projects

ALNAP= Active Learning Network for Accountability

and Performance.

Debates

• RIGHTS vs. NEEDS

• UNIVERSAL vs. LOCAL

• BIOLOGICAL vs. LEARNT

- - - - - - - - - - -

• THEM vs. US

• Individual vs. Collective

• Academia vs. Applied work

• Disciplines (Psychology vs. Law vs. Antropology vs. Medicine)

• PARTICIPATION? MODES and Timing.

COLOMBIAN STUDY-CASE. COLLECTIVE RAPE.

“Patterns of sexual violence in conflict,

and current prospects for work”

Beliefs involved in conflict (Eidelsons, 2003)

• Superiority (setting their codes of conduct in the village, and thepunishments for missbehavior)

• Injustice (women accused of collaboration with other groups, ofluck of appreciation for the good the P were doing)

• Vulnerability (younger girls,women with kids more afraid to bethreaten again…), Them, P, exposed to the “vices & diseases” ofthe village.

• Distrust (“you are a spy,” accusations of witchcraft)

• Helplessness (IMPUNITY; victims saying: “they were the bestpsychologists of human evil” “do not fight them back, they arearmed”)

INDIVIDUAL and Collective Wellbeing- FACTORS

• EMOTIONAL RESILIENCY: contentment, sense ofsecurity, hope, flexibility

• SPIRITUALITY: meaningfulness of the world, personalbeliefs.

• RELATIONSHIPS: valued identity, sense of belonging,protection

• FREEDOM: sense of choice, agency, ability to control,strategize and resist

• CONTROL OVER RESOURCES: routines, prop.

• COGNITION: Information and Education

COLLECTIVE Factors of Wellbeing

• NURTURANCE: care for vulnerable persons,opportunities for people to achieve their potential,tolerance for diversity.

• PROTECTION: responsible use of power, valuing life,safeguarding the integrity of people.

• PARTICIPATION: consultative decision-making, equity,information and education.

• SUSTAINABILITY: sense of shared present and future• CONTROL OVER RESOURCES and OPPORTUNITIES-

‘Civil Society”… land ownership, etc.

Psychosocial frameworks

• Individual (Western approaches)

• Collective: Community-oriented (trainings andParticipatory Action Research)

• Human Rights based (e.g. Rape as a WarCrime, 2000. The Hague)

-- SPHERE PROJECT: Programmes and itsconsideration of Psychosocial

-- Examples and group work

MDG-ODS 2030

• http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/es/objetivos-de-desarrollo-sostenible/

• http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/es/takeaction/

Sustainable Development Goals

MODULE V: Examples of rehabilitation, emergency relief and

development, their interrelations and overlapping and their reality.

Examples of conflicts and programs

Syria, Colombia, Yemen, Ukraine

• Leila Nachawati Regohttp://www.youtube.com/watchv=MrQT2oYUGP0&fb_source=message

• What happens when an NGO admits failurehttp://www.ted.com/talks/david_damberger_what_happens_when_an_ngo_

admits_failure.html

Torture Records published in July 2018

-- Syria in March 2014, (23 mill.) (after 3 years): morethan 140.000 casualties and 9 million IDPs

In June 2018- 500.000 casualties

--- Balkans IN 2004 (15mill): 200.000 dead (after 2years)

Total by March 2015: 230.000

http://www.shrc.org/en/?cat=9

Sources

• BBC. Population

• IDMC-NRC http://www.internal-

displacement.org/8025708F004CE90B/(httpCountries)/9F19CC00280C471C802570A7004CE12F?opendocument&count=10000

3 mill. IDPS (24%)

• ICG- International Crisis Group

• UNHCR offices

• Webs Embassies

MAP COMPARING TRENDS IN SYRIA: IDPS AND REFUGEES

http://www.internal-displacement.org/8025708F004BE3B1/(httpInfoFiles)/32F6F5040CF356A4C1

257A5D0045AEDF/$file/Syria_IDMC_afterMar2012.pdf

• REFUGEE PROCESSING VS. IDPs Estimations

- Documents

- Services: Food and Shelter + others (e.g. GBVprotocols-medical, legal and psychosocial).

- Permanent solutions: Integration,Resettlement and Return

COLOMBIA

• 47 mill. People

• 4th oil producer in LA, 1 mill. barrels a day

• GDP increase 8.3% in 2007, average of 4%

• 88 dialects. 12% afro-col, 35% ind, 37% white

• + 200 unionists killed 2008-2013

• LONGEST standing conflict in the West Hemisphere

• The curse of being rich in natural resources

Exports and Resources

NATURE OF CONFLICT: Internal armed conflict among guerrilla forces (FARC, ELN), paramilitary forces (AUC) and

government, all framed by external forces like the U.S. intervention through Plan Colombia and the illegal money from drug

traffickers.

KEY PLAYERS

(extracted from BBC News website):

FARC: “the oldest and largest group among Colombia's left-wing rebels - and one of the world's richest and most powerful

guerrilla armies.

The group was founded in 1964, when it declared its intention to use armed struggle to overthrow the government and install a

Marxist regime. But tactics changed in the 1990s, as right-wing paramilitary forces attacked the rebels, and the Farc became

increasingly involved in the drug trade to raise money for its campaign. Some analysts believe the group has lost its political

vision and that drugs have changed the way it fights. Kidnapping and extortion are now often an end in themselves.

The group is on US and European lists of terrorist organizations. The group is governed by a secretariat and is believed to have

about 16,000 fighters”.

ELN:”The left-wing group was formed in 1965 by intellectuals inspired by the Cuban revolution. The ELN is behind many

kidnappings in Colombia, and snatches hundreds of people each year to finance its operations. The group has focused on hitting

infrastructure targets such as the oil industry, because it has been unable to take on the security forces directly like the Farc.

Members have split their efforts between military and social work. They justify kidnapping as a legitimate way of fundraising in

what they say is their campaign for improved social justice and human rights.

The group is on US and European lists of terrorist”.

Sources: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4528631.stm, ICG

AUC: ”This right-wing umbrella group was formed in 1997 by drug-traffickers and landowners to combat rebel kidnappings and

extortion. The AUC has demobilized thousands of fighters since 2004

The AUC has its roots in the paramilitary armies built up by drug lords in the 1980s, and says it took up arms in self-defense, in

the place of a powerless state. Others see it as little more than a drugs cartel in charge of an ever larger chunk of the drug

business. The US and EU list the AUC as a terrorist organization. The paramilitaries declared a ceasefire in 2002 and began

formal peace talks with Bogotá in 2004. Negotiations have resulted in the demobilization of at least 26,000 fighters, in a process

beset by hurdles such as ceasefire violations, and the paramilitaries' demand for amnesty”.

UNIONISTS…

EXTERNAL PARTIES:

USA: “Hundreds of US soldiers are in Colombia to help the government in its war against drug-smuggling and the rebels. Since

2000, the US has funded a project called Plan Colombia. Forces receive training and equipment to root out smugglers and

eliminate coca crops. Hundreds of Colombian citizens have been extradited to the US to face trial for trafficking, under a two-

way deal”

Sources: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4528631.stm, ICG

1928: “Masacre de lasbananeras”: Massiveassassination of United FruitCompany’s employees(December 6th) in Colombia

1899: Foundation of United Fruit Company with presence in Colombia

1954: Coup d’état in Guatemalaafter leftist president Jacobo Arbenzexpropriated United Fruit lands

1970: United Fruit changes itsname for United BrandsCompany

1990: United Brands Companychanges its name to ChiquitaBrands Company

1997-2004: Chiquita Brands paid 1.7 million dollars to AUC (paramilitary group in Colombia)

TIMELINE

Some facts:

✓Employees of United Fruit Company in Uraba region in Colombia spent thirty days

in 1928 protesting against the abuses from the company. In December 6th, 3.000

employees participating in the strike were protesting in the Cienaga train station,

when official military open fire against them. None knows the number of deaths, but

historians think those are between 60 and 1000.

✓The Coup d’etat in Guatemala after the expropriation of United Fruit’s land inspired

the term “Banana Republic”.

✓In 2001, logistic equipment belonging to Chiquita Brands was used in Colombia to

download a container full of arms intended to AUC (paramilitary group).

✓2007: Chiquita Brands plead guilty of paying 1.7 million dollars to Colombian

paramilitary groups in front of the United States justice.

YEMENhttp://newirin.irinnews.org/extras/2015/4/6/yemen-in-photos-a-country-splitting-down-the-middle

The need to analise ACTORS, TYPE OF CONFLICT, EXTERNAL ALLIES and IMPACTS to betterunderstand PROGRAMS and PROJECTS

“we entered it without knowing the nature of their land, their traditions and their ideas.”

• https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/04/06/misunderstanding-wars-in-yemen-vietnam-and-yemen-once-again/?utm_content=bufferb0d53&utm_medium=social&utm_source=facebook.com&utm_campaign=buffer

• Video FRONTLINE, Yemen, April 7th: http://www.monstersandcritics.com/frontline-and-pbs-bring-the-fight-for-yemen-april-7-video/

UKRAINEKey Humanitarian Issues

in Ukraine 2015-2018

1. Winter emergency shelter and non-food items.

2. Access to food, WASH, health and other life-savingservices.

3. Protection of affected populations.

4. Ongoing insecurity.

5. Humanitarian access.

6. Continued displacement.

FIONA TERRY

“An important factor in determining whether we act responsibly in a given situation is the knowledge we have at our disposal when making decisions”(1) dilemmas confronting aid organizations are essentially the same as in the

(2) although it is impossible to determine the precise effect of aid “aid is becoming a major factor in the continuation of conflicts”, despite its operational principles (neutrality, impartiality and independence, humanitarian imperative,

protection)

“The ultimate responsibility for human horror lies with those who do, and it is perhaps an important element of vigilance not to accept horror as a given with

which humanitarian action must deal. The first response should be militancy against it rather than rescue from its consequences”.

-Humanitarian action will never attain perfection: rather than aiming for a first-best world, we must aim for a second-best world and adjust to that accordingly.

It’s the best possible assessment considering the given needs & options.

MODULE VI: Integration and inclusion

Team work on Integration &

Inclusion, and

our own well-being as

humanitarian workers

• The day before we shared different materialsfrom EU Projects, reports and articles withdiverse views regarding the pros and cons.

• Each team presented their analisis of theirmaterials, and we ended up with commonbasic points that ultimately each participantused to formulate their individual final paper.

Basic Notions:

• INTEGRATION: identify problems, collectivemeasures.

• INCLUSION: focus on individual opportunitiesthat engage all sectors of the society (private,public and NGOs)

• Considerations about gender, generations,cultural diversity and appropriatness for theexamples worked in the smaller groups andpresented to all.

HtH- Help to Helpers

“… any change is so slow and small as to be imperceptible, and so deep as to be virtually immeasurable”

Help to Helpers

• ANTARES FOUNDATION- the Institutional Care

• Networking- the South African Experience

• Sheila Platt- Individual and ‘buddy’ approaches

• Carlos Beristain- Apoyo Mutuo

• MSF- Maria Blacque Belair (2013)

• Kimberley Theidon (2014)- basic 5. Secondary trauma & doble trauma.

THE MYTH OF THE INVULNERABLE International worker

My Stress Signature

• Physical (2) ---------------------------------------------------------------------

• Emotional (2) -------------------------------------------------------------------

• Behavioral (2) -------------------------------------------------------------------

• Cognitive (2) ---------------------------------------------------------------------

• Spiritual (2) -----------------------------------------------------------------------

Classic signs of stress:

• Frequent conflicts

• Low productivity

• Stereotyping

• Lack of energy,

• Pain (headache, stomach, muscles),

• Feelings of Hopelessness,

• Negativism, emphasis on mistakes,

• Lack of trust,

• STUCK,

• FEAR to lack of control/crazyness,

• Hyperactivity or sadness,

• Risky behavior, etc.

FEAR - Individual impact

• Physical Reactions: stomach ache, diarrhea, palpitations,hyperventilation, trembling…

• Behavioral impact: impulsive behavior and disorganizedanswers (escaping or overprotection)

• Cognition: hopelessness→ depression (emotion)

• Loose contact with reality (Types of fear- dog barking anddark)

• Numbing, Obsessive thinking, Addictions

• + + Fear helps to perceive risk (it’s an alarm mechanism)

Social Impacts of Fear

• Inhibits Communication (‘don’t talk about it, don’t say anything’)

• Lack of social involvement

• Social isolation

• Values questioned (humiliation→nihilism and radicalization)

• Lack of Trust within Communities (cleavages in subgroups, polarization, co-optation, etc)

Suggestions for MUTUAL SUPPORT when working in teams:

• Make problems explicit, to avoid misunderstandings and blocked attitudes. Avoid denial.

• Treat issues as common responsibility. Everyone can talk about issues and the group can deal with them.

• Give time to each person’s experience (it’s not only drama). Try to rebuild group meanings favoring internal cohesion. Find and Reaffirm the common goals of the team

• Keep positive: how to move forward and how to reinforce the commitment to our work (what are we here for?)

• Accept change and adapt to new situations. Specially after difficult experiences. Reinforce the believe that we can embrace change responsibly, being agents of our own history.

• Decide and agree on the methods in a participatory manner. This facilitates group decision making and promotes group responsibility

• Build common goals that integrate past experiences, based on positive relationships and defines clear working goals.

Group Management Styles

YOUR FAVORITE TRAITS

UNIVERSAL TRAITS

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